La Roundele, Berwick-upon-Tweed

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Catherine Kent

A late 13th-century survey of Berwick-upon-Tweed includes an entry entitled ‘la Roundele’. It has not previously been interpreted satisfactorily but this paper shows it to have been a large circular site, in a secondary use by the time of the survey, at the head of the town’s early beachside marketplace. It is argued that the site’s shape, size and ability to survive in the changing townscape means that it originated in a substantial earlier structure – such as a broch or similar complex Atlantic roundhouse. The proposition accords with what is known of the early history of the Tweed estuary and southern brochs in general. Archaeological evidence for the structure may survive beneath later buildings.   Canmore ID 25990

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asep Saefullah

This article attempts to trace the early history of Islam in Temasek, a former name of Singapore. The city was also known as the ‘Sea Town’, and was a part of the Nusantara. In the 12th-14th century, Tumasik and Kedah were important ports in the Malay Peninsula. Tumasik, at that time, was important enough to figure in international trade networks. The very strategic location of Tumasik, at the very tip of the Malay Peninsula, made it a significant prize for the master. Kingdoms that once ruled it: the Sriwijaya kingdom until the end of the 13th century AD and Majapahit kingdom that ruled it until the 14th century. In the 15th century AD, Tumasik came under the rule of Ayutthaya-Thailand; and subsequent occupation controlled by the Sultanate of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511 AD. Speaking on the comming of Islam in Tumasik that was along with the influx of Muslim merchants, both Arabic and Persian, between the 8th – 11th century which the trading activity increased in the Archipelago. Coastal cities and ports, one of which Tumasik, on the Malay Peninsula became the settlements of Muslim tradespeople. Most of them settled and married there. Thus, it is strongly suspected that Islam has been present in Tumasik since perhaps the 8th century AD. Up until the beginning of the 16th century, the old Singapore remains a Muslim settlement, along with other vendors, both from Europe, India, and China, and also became an important port under the Sultanate of Malacca. That Malaccan empire was conquered by the Portuguese in 1511. Keywords: early history of Islam, Tumasik, Singapore, Sultanate of Malacca Artikel ini mencoba menelusuri sejarah awal Islam di Tumasik, kada disebut juga Temasek, nama dulu bagi Singapura. Kota ini juga disebut sebagai Kota Laut (Sea Town), dan merupakan bagian dari Nusantara masa lalu. Pada abad ke-12 s.d. 14 M, Tumasik bersama Kedah merupakan pelabuhan-pelabuhan penting di Semenanjung Malaya. Pada masa itu, Tumasik merupakan kota perdagangan yang cukup besar dan penting dalam jaringan perdagangan internasional. Posisinya yang sangat strategis di ujung Semenanjung Malaya, menjadikan Tumasik menggiurkan untuk dikuasai. Kerajaan-kerajaan yang pernah menguasai Tumasik yaitu Sriwijaya sampai akhir abad ke-13 M dan Majapahit sampai abad ke-14 M. Pada abad ke-15 M, Tumasik berada di bawah kekuasaan Ayutthaya-Thailand; dan selanjutnya dikuasai Kesultanan Malaka sampai pendu¬dukan Portugis 1511 M. Adapun proses masuknya Islam di Tumasik terjadi bersamaan dengan masuknya para pedagang Muslim, baik dari Arab maupun Persia pada abad ke-8 s.d. 11 M yang mengalami peningkatan aktivitas perdagangan. Kota-kota pesisir dan pelabuhan-pelabuhan, salah satunya Tumasik, di Semenanjung Malaya menjadi pemukiman-pemukiman bagi para pedagang Muslim tersebut. Sebagian dari mereka menetap dan berkeluarga di sana. Dengan demikian, diduga kuat bahwa Islam telah hadir di Tumasik antara abad ke-8 M - ke 11 M. Hingga permulaan abad ke-16 M, Singapura lama tetap menjadi pemukiman Muslim, bersama para pedagang lain, baik dari Eropa, India, maupun Cina, dan sekaligus menjadi pelabuhan penting di bawah kekuasaan Kesultanan Malaka, sampai dengan kesultanan ini ditaklukan oleh Portugis pada 1511 M. Kata kunci: sejarah awal Islam, Tumasik, Singapura, Kesultanan Malaka


Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Alexandrovskiy ◽  
Johannes Van Der Plicht ◽  
Nikolay Krenke ◽  
Olga Chichagova ◽  
Nikolai Kovaliukh ◽  
...  

For the first time, a series of 14C dates has been obtained for samples from the archaeological excavations in Red Square, the historical center of Moscow. The remains of burned dwellings from the bottom of the cultural layer were dated as well as dispersed charcoal from the underlying plough soil. The results correspond to a 200-yr time interval and prove that arable activity at the site began as early as the late 11th century ad. The field belonged to Moscow itself or to rural settlements nearby. The oldest dwelling was built ca. the late 12th–early 13th century ad.


1949 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
H. Perry Newell

In view of a widespread belief1 that the mounds lying southwest of Alto, Texas, mark the site of an historic Neches village and the second location of the mission San Francisco de los Tejas, and since the archaeological evidence denies such an identification, it is necessary to review the early history of this region, pointing out certain discrepancies in the literature.The Neches was one of nine main trihes forming the Hasinai Confederation. Detailed accounts of their names, approximate locations, and political structure have been published by Bolton, Swanton, and others. Numerous names, with variations in spelling, have been given to this group of tribes. The French called them Cenis; the Spaniards, Hasinai or Tejas. These names were usually applied to the confederacy as a whole, but occasionally to a specific tribe or village. It is sufficient here to mention only two: the Nabedache, the most southwesterly group, among whom the first East Texas mission was established in 1690; and the Neches, who lived just across a river (presumably the Neches River) from them.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Siti Rumilah ◽  
Indah Wulandari ◽  
Ainiyah Syafitri ◽  
Dina Maulidia ◽  
Hilmi Musyafa ◽  
...  

Kitab Musarar is one of the famous works of Syaikh Subakir described the condition of Java both before and after the arrival of Syaikh Subakir in the 13th century in Java on the mission of Islamization. This study uses a qualitative research method based on the Kitab Musarar which has been rewritten in an old spelling Indonesian translation printed book titled Kitab Musarar Syaikh Subakir-Asal Muasal Tanah Jawa karya Sukri (2011) and the book of Melacak Jejak Syaikh Subakir: Riwayat Penumbalan Tanah Jawa dan Walisanga Generasi Pertama written by Romadhon (2017). The results of this study are: (1) The existence of the early history of the world until the entry of Islam in Java in the 13th century in the Kitab Musarar by Syaikh Subakir, (2) The existence of figures who played a role of rukyat in Java in the 13th century based on the Kitab Musarar by Syaikh Subakir, and (3) The story of sangsara era and Ratu Adil profil in the Kitab Musarar by Syaikh Subakir. Overall, it can be seen that there are traces of Javanese Islamization brought by Syaikh Subakir in the 13th century based on the Kitab Musarar.


Author(s):  
Caitlin C. Gillespie

Chapter 1 establishes the historical timeframe for Roman Britain and places Boudica’s revolt in the context of Roman imperial expansion. The early history of Roman Britain shows the impact of the Romans from the time of Julius Caesar onward. After Claudius’s conquest of Britain in AD 43, Boudica’s Iceni rebelled unsuccessfully in AD 47/48. After the death of her husband Prasutagus, a number of issues combined to spark the revolt of AD 60/61. This chapter details Boudica’s revolt, focusing on discrepancies in our ancient sources and archaeological evidence. After her death, Roman rule continued to expand. While Boudica had little lasting impact on the expansion of Roman rule, she remained a cultural reference point for questions of gender and the negotiation of power in the Roman Empire.


2006 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Bennett

AbstractWith an overall length of about 550km, the Pontic-Cappadocian frontier was among the longest in the Roman Empire. It is also the least known, as there is a minimal amount of literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence available for the location and identity of the province's garrison. In addition, many of the military stations known or believed to have existed on the frontier are now lost beneath the waters of the Keban dam. However, a re-examination of the available evidence, along with recent limited and spontaneous fieldwork in the region, allows for some tentative remarks to be made on the origins and early history of this frontier. These form the main subject of this article, and include the suggestion that Nero should be credited with the genesis of this frontier, not Vespasian, as usually indicated in the modern literature.


1948 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Dunbabin

In his Presidential address to the Hellenic Society in 1914, Walter Leaf expressed the hope that a study of the history of ancient Corinth might be undertaken. He directed special attention to the economic history, to be interpreted mainly from the material remains of Corinth and of Corinthian industry. This task has not yet been carried out. Much has been written on Corinthian art and industry, but the historical conclusions of these archaeological studies remain still to be drawn. The Corinthians, more than other Greeks, had an individual way of life, recognised by their contemporaries, which can be used as a point from which to survey the Greek world; it is expressed by Herodotus in a single phrase, ἤκιστα δὲ Κορίνθιοι ὄνονται τοὺς χειροτέχνας. The economic approach should therefore be especially suited to the history of Corinth. But before this interpretation can be written, we must acquire a solid body of fact about Corinthian history and economic life, drawing chiefly on the material remains. What follows is the first chapter of such a study, dealing with the beginnings and early history of Corinth down to about 750 B.C. Most of my conclusions are not new, but I hope that some of the arguments are. The basis is the archaeological evidence uncovered by the Americans at Corinth, by Payne at Perachora.


Author(s):  
Robert M. Fisher

By 1940, a half dozen or so commercial or home-built transmission electron microscopes were in use for studies of the ultrastructure of matter. These operated at 30-60 kV and most pioneering microscopists were preoccupied with their search for electron transparent substrates to support dispersions of particulates or bacteria for TEM examination and did not contemplate studies of bulk materials. Metallurgist H. Mahl and other physical scientists, accustomed to examining etched, deformed or machined specimens by reflected light in the optical microscope, were also highly motivated to capitalize on the superior resolution of the electron microscope. Mahl originated several methods of preparing thin oxide or lacquer impressions of surfaces that were transparent in his 50 kV TEM. The utility of replication was recognized immediately and many variations on the theme, including two-step negative-positive replicas, soon appeared. Intense development of replica techniques slowed after 1955 but important advances still occur. The availability of 100 kV instruments, advent of thin film methods for metals and ceramics and microtoming of thin sections for biological specimens largely eliminated any need to resort to replicas.


1979 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 1317-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Morgan

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