Species Specific Activity of Digestive Enzymes in Two Freshwater Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Macrobrachium malcolmsonii Juveniles

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Annamalai Asaikkutti ◽  
Periyakali Bhavan ◽  
Karuppaiya Vimala ◽  
Madhayan Karthik
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Macrobrachium Malcolmsonii

scholarly journals Gut Digestive Function and Microbiome after Correction of Experimental Dysbiosis in Rats by Indigenous Bifidobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Gromova ◽  
Elena I. Ermolenko ◽  
Anastasiya L. Sepp ◽  
Yulia V. Dmitrieva ◽  
Anna S. Alekseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Dyspeptic Symptoms ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Impaired Motor Function

In recent years, great interest has arisen in the use of autoprobiotics (indigenous bacteria isolated from the organism and introduced into the same organism after growing). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of indigenous bifidobacteria on intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes in a rat model of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis. Our results showed that indigenous bifidobacteria (the Bf group) accelerate the disappearance of dyspeptic symptoms in rats and prevent an increase in chyme mass in the upper intestine compared to the group without autoprobiotics (the C1 group), but significantly increase the mass of chyme in the colon compared to the C1 group and the control group (healthy animals). In the Bf group in the gut microbiota, the content of opportunistic bacteria (Proteus spp., enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) decreased, and the content of some beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Dorea spp., Blautia spp., the genus Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Oscillospira) changed compared to the control group. Unlike the C1 group, in the Bf group there was no decrease in the specific activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase in the mucosa of the upper intestine, but the specific activity of maltase was decreased in the colon chyme compared to the control and C1 groups. In the Bf group, the specific activity of aminopeptidase N was reduced in the duodenum mucosa and the colon chyme compared to the control group. We concluded that indigenous bifidobacteria can protect the microbiota and intestinal digestive enzymes in the intestine from disorders caused by dysbiosis; however, there may be impaired motor function of the colon.

Species-Specific Activity of Glycolipid Ligands for Invariant NKT Cells

ChemBioChem ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma M. Dangerfield ◽  
Janice M. H. Cheng ◽  
Deborah A. Knight ◽  
Robert Weinkove ◽  
P. Rod Dunbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Invariant Nkt Cells ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Biochemical characterisation of α-glucosidase and β-glucosidase in the alimentary canal of larval Leptinotarsa decemlineata SAY, 1824 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Kazzazi ◽  
Fahimeh Dehghanikhah ◽  
Hossein Madadi ◽  
Vahid Hossseininaveh
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Biochemical Characterisation ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say ◽  
Environmentally Safe

ABSTRACT Host plant resistance is an environmentally safe method used for reducing a pest population. Basically, when developing resistant cultivars one needs to study the biochemical characteristics of the digestive enzymes in the insect’s midgut. In this study, the activities of α- and β-glucosidase were determined from Leptinotarsa decemlineata midgut using p-nitrophenyl-α-Dglucopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside as substrates respectively. The results showed that the specific activity of α- and β-glucosidase from 4th instar larvae midguts of L. decemlineata were 5.14 and 5.48 Umg-1 protein respectively. The activity of α-glucosidase was optimal at pH 4, whereas the maximum activity of β-glucosidase in the midgut of L. decemlineata occurred at pH 4-5.5. Both enzymes were stable at pH 3-8 over an incubation time of 8 hours. The respective activities of α- and β-glucosidase were at their highest at 45 °C and 50 °C, but they were not stable at 50 °C during an incubation time of 8 days. Furthermore, our data showed that MgCl2, Tris and urea have a moderate but SDS a severe inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. Biochemical characterisation revealed one and three bands of α- and β-glucosidase activities in the midgut of L. decemlineata respectively.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Activity of SIV Nef and HIV-1 Vpu in Overcoming Restriction by Tetherin/BST2

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. e1000429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Jia ◽  
Ruth Serra-Moreno ◽  
William Neidermyer ◽  
Andrew Rahmberg ◽  
John Mackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Hiv 1

Real Time PCR detection of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) larvae with emphasis to their ecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Mahadevan Harikrishnan ◽  
Deepak Jose ◽  
B. Nidhin ◽  
K.P. Anilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
De Man

Species specific identification of early larval stages of many decapod crustaceans sampled from plankton collections remains cumbersome owing to lack of distinguishable characteristics, where DNA based molecular methods provide accurate results without taxonomic ambiguities. In the present study, an attempt was made to detect temporal occurrence of early zoea of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) using real-time PCR assays in polyhaline, mesohaline and oligohaline areas of a tropical positive estuary, the Vembanad lake (S. India). High caridean larval abundance could be recorded in polyhaline areas in all seasons while it could be recorded in monsoon season in mesohaline and oligohaline areas. 113 DNA isolations were successfully made from morphologically identified taxonomic units (MOTU) and SYBR Green based RT-PCR amplifications using designed primer for M. rosenbergii yielded positive detections in 38 samples (34%) representing all seasons in all three zones. Positive detections could be recorded in all months except May in mesohaline areas and differed significantly (F = 17.2 p < 0.01) with the same in polyhaline and oligohaline areas. The present results of molecular detection of M. rosenbergii larvae extend confirmation of its breeding ground in Vembanad lake where appropriate management strategies could be enforced for stock conservation of this species.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of Expression and Activity of Digestive Enzymes and Establishment of gh/igf1 Axis in the Omnivorous Fish Chelon labrosus

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Gilannejad ◽  
Verónica de las Heras ◽  
Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha ◽  
Francisco J. Moyano ◽  
Manuel Yúfera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Chelon Labrosus

Thick-lipped grey mullet (Chelon labrosus) is a candidate for sustainable aquaculture due to its omnivorous/detritivorous feeding habit. This work aimed to evaluate its digestive and growth potentials from larval to early juvenile stages. To attain these objectives the activity of key digestive enzymes was measured from three until 90 days post hatch (dph). Expression of genes involved in digestion of proteins (try2, ctr, pga2, and atp4a), carbohydrates (amy2a), and lipids (cel and pla2g1b), together with two somatotropic factors (gh and igf1) were also quantified. No chymotrypsin or pepsin activities were detected. While specific activity of trypsin and lipase were high during the first 30 dph and declined afterward, amylase activity was low until 57 dph and increased significantly beyond that point. Expression of try2, ctr, amy2a, and cel increased continuously along development, and showed a peak at the end of metamorphosis. Expression of pla2g1b, pga2 and atp4a increased until the middle of metamorphosis and decreased afterwars. Most of these trends contrast the usual patterns in carnivorous species and highlight the transition from larvae, with high protein requirements, to post-larvae/juvenile stages, with omnivorous/detritivorous feeding preferences. Somatotropic genes, gh and igf1, showed approximately inverse expression patterns, suggesting the establishment of the Gh/Igf1 axis from 50 dph.

scholarly journals Exfoliative toxin E, a new Staphylococcus aureus virulence factor with host-specific activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Imanishi ◽  
Aurélie Nicolas ◽  
Ana-Carolina Barbosa Caetano ◽  
Thiago Luiz de Paula Castro ◽  
Natayme Rocha Tartaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Exfoliative Toxin ◽  
New Type ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Staphylococcal Skin Infections ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Exfoliative toxins (ETs) are secreted virulence factors produced by staphylococci. These serine proteases specifically cleave desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) in mammals and are key elements in staphylococcal skin infections. We recently identified a new et gene in S. aureus O46, a strain isolated from ovine mastitis. In the present study, we characterized the new et gene at a genetic level and the enzymatic activity of the deduced protein. The S. aureus O46 genome was re-assembled, annotated and compared with other publicly available S. aureus genomes. The deduced amino acid sequence of the new et gene shared 40%, 53% and 59% sequence identity to those of ETA, ETB and ETD, respectively. The new et gene shared the same genetic vicinity and was similar in other S. aureus strains bearing this gene. The recombinant enzyme of the new et gene caused skin exfoliation in vivo in neonatal mice. The new et-gene was thus named ete, encoding a new type (type E) of exfoliative toxin. We showed that ETE degraded the extracellular segments of Dsg1 in murine, ovine and caprine epidermis, as well as in ovine teat canal epithelia, but not that in bovine epidermis. We further showed that it directly hydrolyzed human and swine Dsg1 as well as murine Dsg1α and Dsg1β, but not canine Dsg1 or murine Dsg1γ. Molecular modeling revealed a correlation between the preferred orientation of ETE docking on its Dsg1 cleavage site and species-specific cleavage activity, suggesting that the docking step preceding cleavage accounts for the ETE species-specificity. This new virulence factor may contribute to the bacterial colonization on the stratified epithelia in certain ruminants with mastitis.

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