Radioactivity Measurements for Some Building Materials in Yemen and Simulation of the Annual Effective Dose

2012 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
M. M. Sherif ◽  
Safa.Y. Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Radioactivity Measurements

scholarly journals NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF GRANITES USED AS BUILDING MATERIALS IN GREECE

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pavlidou ◽  
A. Koroneos ◽  
C. Papastefanou ◽  
G. Christofides ◽  
S. Stoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Radioactive Minerals ◽  
Radiological Impact ◽  
High Level

The granites used in Greece as building materials and imported from foreign countries, mainly from Spain and Brazil, are rock types similar with the stony building materials world-wide used. Sixteen kinds of different granites, considered as the most popular, were sampled and their natural radioactivity was measured by gamma spectrometry. The, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K contents of granites were compared to corresponding ones of other building materials as well as other granite types used all over the world. For the reasons of radiological impact from use of granites as building materials, the absorbed dose and the effective dose as well were determined. Although the annual effective dose is higher than the limit of 1 mSv a"1 for some granites examined, they could be used safely as building materials, considering that their contribution in most of the house constructions is very low. An attempt to correlate the relatively high level of natural radioactivity of different kinds of granites with the presence of radioactive minerals and their chemical composition was also made.

scholarly journals 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K activities and associated radiological hazards in building materials of Islamabad capital territory, Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The Mean

Radioactivity levels in building materials, collected from the Islamabad capital territory have been determined by using a gamma spectrometric technique. Measured specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in material samples ranged from 8 ? 1 to 116 ? 6 Bq/kg, 9 ? 1 to 152 ? ? 5 Bq/kg, and 29 ? 6 to 974 ? 23 Bq/kg, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and gamma index were evaluated from the measured amounts of radioactivity to assess the radiation hazard associated with the studied building materials. The mean radium equivalent activity, the absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose estimated ranged from 81 ? 6 to 221 ? 11 Bq/kg, 38 ? 3 to 104 ? 5 nGy/h, and 0.23 ? 0.02 to 0.64 ? 0.03 mSv, respectively. The ranges of the calculated Raeq were found to be lower than the values recommended for construction materials (370 Bq/kg). The mean values of the internal and external hazard indices were found in the range of 0.30 ? 0.02 to 0.78 ? 0.05 and 0.22 ? 0.02 to 0.60 ? 0.03, respectively. The results of the materials examined indicate no significant radiological hazards arise from using such material in building construction.

scholarly journals Measurements of Radon Concentrations and Dose Assessments in Physics Department-Science College-Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Tarik Al-Alawy ◽  
Haider Rayed Fadhil
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Nuclear Track Detector ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radon Gas ◽  
Physics Department

Measurements of radon gas concentrations with their progeny and the annual effective dose indoor the building of Al-Mustansiriyah University College of Science-Physics Department have been carried out by using time-integrated passive radon dosimeters solid state nuclear track detector CR-39 technique. The detectors with 1cm x1cm have been distributed over 70 places and suspended for sitting (1m) and standing (1.75m) positions in each location under study. The dosimetric measurements are made over a period of 90 days from 30 January 2014 to 30 April 2014. The calibration process has been done using radium-226 source with known activity radiation. It has found that the indoor radon gas concentrations varing from 37.488±6.123Bg/m3 to 58.670±7.660Bg/m3 with an average value 51.398±7.156Bg/m3 at 1m , and varing from 35.964±5.997Bg/m3 to 56.994±7.549Bg/m3 with an average value 47.057±6.847Bg/m3 at 1.75m which are within the worldwide limits 148Bg/m3 (EPA, 2003) and 200-300Bg/m3 (ICRP, 2009). The annual effective dose of the inhalation exposure to radon gas has been estimated and this vary from 0.394mSv/y to 0.617mSv/y with an average value 0.540mSv/y at 1m, and varing from 0.378mSv/y to 0.599mSv/y with an average value 0.495mSv/y at 1.75m which are within the worldwide permissible limist 3-10mSv/y (ICRP, 1993). The potential alpha energy concentration found to vary from 4.053mWL to 6.343mWL with an average value 5.557mWL at 1m and vary from 3.888mWL to 6.162mWL with an average value 5.087mWL at 1.75m which are less than the recommended value 53.33mWL (UNSCEAR, 1993). The lung cancer cases per million person per year vary from 7.093 to 11.101 per million person per year with an average value 9.725 per million person per year at 1m and vary from 6.805 to 10.784 per million person per year with an average value 8.904 per million person per year which are less than the recommended range 170-230 per million person per year (ICRP, 1993). The number of decays per-minute using swabs measurements technique have been used for selected units within two swabs from building materials walls for each unite, with area of 100cm2 using Ludlum 3030, the average of three swabs measurements have been calculated. Hence, the effectiveness of emitted alpha particles from the walls has been calculated to be varied from 0.00000 to 0.02222Bq/cm2 with an average value 0.01169Bq/cm2 at 1m and 0.01015Bq/cm2 at 1.75m respectevily which are within the permissible limit 0.04Bq/cm2 (Danial, 2010).

scholarly journals Assessment of Equivalent Radium Activity and Annual Effective Dose Due to Building Materials in Côte D’Ivoire by Gamma Spectrometry: Cases of Cement

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (10) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monnehan G. Alain ◽  
Gogon B. D. L. Huberson ◽  
Braffo A. Florentin ◽  
Djagouri Koudou ◽  
Koua A. Antonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Radium Activity

NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY OF THE CRYSTALLINE BASEMENT ROCKS OF THE PELORITANI MOUNTAINS (NORTH-EASTERN SICILY, ITALY): MEASUREMENTS AND RADIOLOGICAL HAZARD

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-464
Author(s):  
D Romano ◽  
F Caridi ◽  
M Di Bella ◽  
F Italiano ◽  
S Magazù ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Radon Emanation ◽  
Potential Hazard

Abstract Crystalline rocks can produce dangerous radiation levels on the basis of their content in radioisotopes. Here, we report radiological data from 10 metamorphic and igneous rock samples collected from the crystalline basement of the Peloritani Mountains (southern Italy). In order to evaluate the radiological properties of these rocks, the gamma radiation and the radon emanation have been measured. Moreover, since some of these rocks are employed as building materials, we assess the potential hazard for population connected to their use. Gamma spectroscopy was used to measure the 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity concentration, whereas the radon emanation was investigated by using a RAD 7 detector. The results show 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity concentration values ranging from (17 ± 4) to (56 ± 8) Bq kg−1, (14 ± 3) to (77 ± 14) Bq kg−1 and (167 ± 84) to (1760 ± 242) Bq kg−1, respectively. Values of the annual effective dose equivalent outdoor range from 0.035 to 0.152 mSv y−1, whereas the gamma index is in the range of 0.22–0.98. The 222Rn emanation coefficient and the 222Rn surface exhalation rate vary from (0.63 ± 0.3) to (8.27 ± 1.6)% and from (0.12 ± 0.03) to (2.75 ± 0.17) Bq m−2 h−1, respectively. The indoor radon derived from the building use of these rocks induces an approximate contribution to the annual effective dose ranging from 8 to 176 μSv y−1. All the obtained results suggest that the crystalline rocks from the Peloritani Mountains are not harmful for the residential population, even though they induce annual effective doses due to terrestrial gamma radiation above the worldwide average values. Moreover, their use as building materials does not produce significant health hazards connected to the indoor radon exposure.

scholarly journals Radon and thoron exhalation rate, emanation factor and radioactivity risks of building materials of the Iberian Peninsula

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10331
Author(s):  
Samuel Frutos-Puerto ◽  
Eduardo Pinilla-Gil ◽  
Eva Andrade ◽  
Mário Reis ◽  
María José Madruga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Decay Products ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
European Regulations ◽  
Pressure Driven Flow

Radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) are radioactive gases emanating from geological materials. Inhalation of these gases is closely related to an increase in the probability of lung cancer if the levels are high. The majority of studies focus on radon, and the thoron is normally ignored because of its short half-life (55.6 s). However, thoron decay products can also cause a significant increase in dose. In buildings with high radon levels, the main mechanism for entry of radon is pressure-driven flow of soil gas through cracks in the floor. Both radon and thoron can also be released from building materials to the indoor atmosphere. In this work, we study the radon and thoron exhalation and emanation properties of an extended variety of common building materials manufactured in the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain) but exported and used in all countries of the world. Radon and thoron emission from samples collected in the closed chamber was measured by an active method that uses a continuous radon/thoron monitor. The correlations between exhalation rates of these gases and their parent nuclide exhalation (radium/thorium) concentrations were examined. Finally, indoor radon and thoron and the annual effective dose were calculated from radon/thoron concentrations in the closed chamber. Zircon is the material with the highest concentration values of 226Ra and 232Th and the exhalation and emanation rates. Also in the case of zircon and some granites, the annual effective dose was higher than the annual exposure limit for the general public of 1 mSv y−1, recommended by the European regulations.

scholarly journals Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and radon exhalation rate potential from various building materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Ivana Vukanac ◽  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Milica Rajacic ◽  
Dragana Todorovic ◽  
Predrag Ujic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Sand Sample ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radon Exhalation

Various imported building materials commonly used in construction and industry in Serbia were analyzed using gamma spectrometry. Based on the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the investigated samples, radium equivalent activity, Raeq, absorbed dose rate, D, annual effective dose, DE, and the external hazard index, Hex, were calculated to assess the radiation hazard for people. The Raeq for most of the analyzed samples (416 in total) was lower than the maximum admissible value of 370 Bqkg-1 set in the UNSCEAR report. The absorbed gamma dose rate in air was found to vary from 0.030 mGyh-1 to 1.328 mGyh-1 which in some cases exceeded indoor dose rates in Europe. The obtained values for annual effective dose exceed the limits of 0.41 mSv given in literature for about 5 % of measured samples, while values of Hex were higher than unity for three samples of cement, eight samples of granite, and one sand sample. As a possible source of elevated effective dose, the radon exhalation from building materials was estimated using the parameters given in literature. The internal dose due to 222Rn exhaled from the building material was found to be up to nine times higher than external dose due to 226Ra content in some cases.

scholarly journals Assessment of Excess Gamma Dose Exposure Level in Typical Nigeria Commercial Building Materials Distribution Outlets

2021 ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
A. M. Asere ◽  
T. O. Owolabi ◽  
B. D. B. D. Alafe ◽  
O. P. Alabi ◽  
M. B. Alimi
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Two Cities

The gamma dose rate exposure levels from different brands of building materials at commercial distribution stores/shops in two major cities in Ondo State, Nigeria, were measured using a well calibrated Inspector 1000 scintillator detector. The results showed that the different brands of building materials which are Corrugated iron sheet, Aluminum roofing sheets, Conduit pipes, Paints, Cement, PVC pipes, Wash hand basin, Bath tub, Water closet, Kitchen zinc, Asbestos, Floor tiles, Wall tiles, Bullet proof door, Binding wire, rings and rods, Red bricks, Galvanized pipes, Copper pipes, Water tanks contributed excess annual effective doses of 0.332 mSv/y and 0.311mSv/y to store keepers in Ikare Akoko and Akure cities respectively. The indoor and outdoor annual effective dose of each of the investigated two cities are correlated using simple linear regression equations. The results of the modeling and experiment show that annual effective dose received by the occupants of these shops/stores was about 12 % higher than what could be received in a typical natural radiation environment in the two cities because the building materials acts as a source of radiation indoor. The research indicated that the typical habit of using poorly ventilated and confined space as stores/shops by the sales men might subject them to internal exposure through inhalation of radon gas and its short-lived decay products. Implementation of the developed equations would definitely promote rapid determination of outdoor annual effective dose through indoor annual effective dose and ultimately save time and other valuable resources.

scholarly journals Modelling radiation exposure in homes from siporex blocks by using exhalation rates of radon

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Mladen Nikolic ◽  
David Simovic ◽  
Milija Zecevic ◽  
Violeta Cibulic
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Radium Content ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Concrete Plates ◽  
Primary Index

Building materials are the second major source of indoor radon, after soil. The contribution of building materials to indoor radon amount depends upon the radium content and exhalation rates, which can be used as a primary index for radon levels in the dwellings. This paper presents the results of using the experimentally determined exhalation rates of siporex blocks and concrete plates, to assess the radiation exposure in dwellings built of siporex blocks. The annual doses in rooms have been estimated depending on the established modes of ventilation. Realistic scenario was created to predict an annual effective dose for an old person, a housewife, a student, and an employed tenant, who live in the same apartment, spending different periods of time in it. The results indicate the crucial importance of good ventilation of the living space.

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