scholarly journals Investigation Method for Carpet Fires by Analyzing Carbonation Patterns and Oil Vapor

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Eun-Ju Park ◽  
Chung-Seog Choi
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Surface ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Flammable Liquid ◽  
Investigation Method ◽  
Circular Pattern ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Laminar And Turbulent Flow ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Flooring Material

We present a fire investigation method for carpets by analyzing the carbide pattern and oil vapor. The combustion of carpets is dominated by laminar and turbulent flow, and the combustion pattern on the floor surface is shaped like a halo pattern. The combustion pattern on flooring material sprayed with an flammable liquid takes a donut-shaped and a circular pattern in which the core is burned. Surface analysis by substance microscopy showed that the boundary surface was melting and recombining, regardless of whether or not the carpet was treated with flame retardant. In the analysis of the capture of oil vapor using a gas detector tube after combustion was completed, the general carpet was discolored to dark green with one to two divisions, and combustion of ordinary carpets and gasoline exhibited two to three divisions. It was found that one to two divisions of flameproof carpets were discolored to dark green, and combustion of flameproof carpets and gasoline produces five to six divisions. The differences in combustion products could not be clearly distinguished using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC & MS), but the strengths of their response patterns were found to be different.

scholarly journals An Index for Evaluating Fairy Ring Symptoms in Turfgrass

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1194-1196
Author(s):  
Michael Fidanza ◽  
Derek Settle ◽  
Henry Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Severity Index ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Circular Pattern ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
High Range

The term “fairy ring” typically refers to the visual appearance of mushrooms emerged in a circular pattern in a grass lawn, pasture, or meadow. Fairy ring symptoms in turfgrass stands are categorized as Type I (wilted, necrotic turf), Type II (dark green, stimulated turf), and Type III (basidiocarps present). A visual rating system was devised to assist researchers and practitioners with a numerical method to quantify the degree of severity of fairy ring symptoms at a turf site. Therefore, the Fairy Ring Severity Index is based on a 1 to 9 scale, where 1 indicates no fairy ring symptoms present, 2 through 5 indicates the low to high range for Type II symptoms, and 6 through 9 indicates the low to high range for Type I symptoms. For Type III symptoms, the number of mushrooms, toadstools, or puffballs present could be counted if that information is needed or helpful. In experimental research plots, the Fairy Ring Severity Index is a better method for evaluating and comparing fairy ring symptoms vs. using a percent plot area affected estimate.

Stimulus Ratio Effects on Speech Discrimination by Children and Adults

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Task ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Adult Group ◽  
Discrimination Accuracy ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Adults And Children

This investigation examined the response strategies and discrimination accuracy of adults and children aged 5–10 as the ratio of same to different trials was varied across three conditions of a “change/no-change” discrimination task. The conditions varied as follows: (a) a ratio of one-third same to two-thirds different trials (33% same), (b) an equal ratio of same to different trials (50% same), and (c) a ratio of two-thirds same to one-third different trials (67% same). Stimuli were synthetic consonant-vowel syllables that changed along a place of articulation dimension by formant frequency transition. Results showed that all subjects changed their response strategies depending on the ratio of same-to-different trials. The most lax response pattern was observed for the 50% same condition, and the most conservative pattern was observed for the 67% same condition. Adult response patterns were most conservative across condition. Differences in discrimination accuracy as measured by P(C) were found, with the largest difference in the 5- to 6-year-old group and the smallest change in the adult group. These findings suggest that children’s response strategies, like those of adults, can be manipulated by changing the ratio of same-to-different trials. Furthermore, interpretation of sensitivity measures must be referenced to task variables such as the ratio of same-to-different trials.

Author response for "Diabetes alters immune response patterns to acute melioidosis in humans"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kronsteiner ◽  
Panjaporn Chaichana ◽  
Manutsanun Sumonwiriya ◽  
Kemajitra Jenjaroen ◽  
Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Response Patterns

Item Bias Analysis of the Young Schema-Questionnaire for Psychopathology, Gender, and Educational Level

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen M. Rijkeboer ◽  
Huub van den Bergh ◽  
Jan van den Bout
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Item Bias ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Dutch Population ◽  
Bias Analysis ◽  
Young Schema Questionnaire ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Schema Questionnaire

This study examines the construct validity of the Young Schema-Questionnaire at the item level in a Dutch population. Possible bias of items in relation to the presence or absence of psychopathology, gender, and educational level was analyzed, using a cross-validation design. None of the items of the YSQ exhibited differential item functioning (DIF) for gender, and only one item showed DIF for educational level. Furthermore, item bias analysis did not identify DIF for the presence or absence of psychopathology in as much as 195 of the 205 items comprising the YSQ. Ten items, however, spread over the questionnaire, were found to yield relatively inconsistent response patterns for patients and nonclinical participants.

D-test: A New Test for Analyzing Scale Invariance Using Symbolic Dynamics and Symbolic Entropy

Methodology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Martínez ◽  
Manuel Ruiz Marín
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Dynamics ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Entropy Measures ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this study is to improve measurement in marketing research by constructing a new, simple, nonparametric, consistent, and powerful test to study scale invariance. The test is called D-test. D-test is constructed using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of the difference between the response patterns which comes from two measurement scales. We also give a standard asymptotic distribution of our statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. We applied D-test to a real marketing research to study if scale invariance holds when measuring service quality in a sports service. We considered a free-scale as a reference scale and then we compared it with three widely used rating scales: Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and from 1 to 7, and semantic-differential scale from −3 to +3. Scale invariance holds for the two latter scales. This test overcomes the shortcomings of other procedures for analyzing scale invariance; and it provides researchers a tool to decide the appropriate rating scale to study specific marketing problems, and how the results of prior studies can be questioned.

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