scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and the mouse microvascular endothelial cell line bEnd.3 during interaction

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peili Wang ◽  
Xia Meng ◽  
Jianji Li ◽  
Yanfei Chen ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Cell Junction ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mock Infection

Background Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), an important extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, causes colibacillosis, an acute and mostly systemic disease involving multiple organ lesions such as meningitis. Meningitis-causing APEC can invade the host central nervous system by crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is a critical step in the development of meningitis. However, the bacteria-host interaction mechanism in this process remains unclear. Methods In this study, we examined E. coli and bEnd.3 cells transcriptomes during infection and mock infection to investigate the global transcriptional changes in both organisms using RNA sequencing approach. Results When APEC infected the bEnd.3 cells, several significant changes in the expression of genes related to cell junctional complexes, extracellular matrix degradation, actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, immune activation and the inflammatory response in bEnd.3 cells were observed as compared to the mock infection group. Thus, the immune activation of bEnd.3 cells indicated that APEC infection activated host defenses. Furthermore, APEC may exploit cell junction degradation to invade the BBB. In addition, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism related genes were downregulated and the protein export pathway related genes were upregulated in APEC cultured with bEnd.3 cells, compared to that in control. Thus, APEC may encounter starvation and express virulence factors during incubation with bEnd.3 cells. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive overview of transcriptomic changes that occur during APEC infection of bEnd.3 cells, and offers insights into the bacterial invasion strategies and the subsequent host defense mechanism.

scholarly journals Characterization of Escherichia coli DNA Lesions Generated within J774 Macrophages

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (18) ◽  
pp. 5225-5230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Schlosser-Silverman ◽  
Maya Elgrably-Weiss ◽  
Ilan Rosenshine ◽  
Ron Kohen ◽  
Shoshy Altuvia
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dna Strand

ABSTRACT Macrophages are armed with multiple oxygen-dependent and -independent bactericidal properties. However, the respiratory burst, generating reactive oxygen species, is believed to be a major cause of bacterial killing. We exploited the susceptibility of Escherichia coli in macrophages to characterize the effects of the respiratory burst on intracellular bacteria. We show that E. coli strains recovered from J774 macrophages exhibit high rates of mutations. We report that the DNA damage generated inside macrophages includes DNA strand breaks and the modification 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine, which are typical oxidative lesions. Interestingly, we found that under these conditions, early in the infection the majority of E. coli cells are viable but gene expression is inhibited. Our findings demonstrate that macrophages can cause severe DNA damage to intracellular bacteria. Our results also suggest that protection against the macrophage-induced DNA damage is an important component of the bacterial defense mechanism within macrophages.

scholarly journals Sequencing and Functional Annotation of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Serogroup O78 Strains Reveal the Evolution of E. coli Lineages Pathogenic for Poultry via Distinct Mechanisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 838-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Dziva ◽  
Heidi Hauser ◽  
Thomas R. Connor ◽  
Pauline M. van Diemen ◽  
Graham Prescott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Transposon Mutants ◽  
Avian Disease

ABSTRACTAvian pathogenicEscherichia coli(APEC) causes respiratory and systemic disease in poultry. Sequencing of a multilocus sequence type 95 (ST95) serogroup O1 strain previously indicated that APEC resemblesE. colicausing extraintestinal human diseases. We sequenced the genomes of two strains of another dominant APEC lineage (ST23 serogroup O78 strains χ7122 and IMT2125) and compared them to each other and to the reannotated APEC O1 sequence. For comparison, we also sequenced a human enterotoxigenicE. coli(ETEC) strain of the same ST23 serogroup O78 lineage. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the APEC O78 strains were more closely related to human ST23 ETEC than to APEC O1, indicating that separation of pathotypes on the basis of their extraintestinal or diarrheagenic nature is not supported by their phylogeny. The accessory genome of APEC ST23 strains exhibited limited conservation of APEC O1 genomic islands and a distinct repertoire of virulence-associated loci. In light of this diversity, we surveyed the phenotype of 2,185 signature-tagged transposon mutants of χ7122 following intra-air sac inoculation of turkeys. This procedure identified novel APEC ST23 genes that play strain- and tissue-specific roles during infection. For example, genes mediating group 4 capsule synthesis were required for the virulence of χ7122 and were conserved in IMT2125 but absent from APEC O1. Our data reveal the genetic diversity ofE. colistrains adapted to cause the same avian disease and indicate that the core genome of the ST23 lineage serves as a chassis for the evolution ofE. colistrains adapted to cause avian or human disease via acquisition of distinct virulence genes.

Lactobacillus inhibitor production against Escherichia coli and coaggregation ability with uropathogens

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Reid ◽  
Jacqueline A. McGroarty ◽  
Rosanne Angotti ◽  
Roger L. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Host Defense Mechanism ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Two Phases

Previous investigations have shown that certain strains of lactobacilli can competitively exclude uropathogens from attaching to uroepithelial cells and from causing urinary tract infection in animals. The finding of an inhibitory effect produced by Lactobacillus casei ssp. rhamnosus GR-1 against the growth of uropathogens was investigated further using two Escherichia coli indicator strains Hu 734 and ATCC 25922. There were two phases to the inhibitor studies. The first one using an agar sandwich technique showed that the inhibitor activity was heat stable and inhibitory to the E. coli. The second phase showed that MRS broth provided optimum lactobacilli growth and inhibitor production. In addition, the inhibition was present under conditions buffering for acid and pH. The data indicated that the inhibitory effect was not due to bacteriophages or hydrogen peroxide. Strain GR-1 was found to coaggregate with E. coli ATCC 25922 in urine, a phenomenon that has not previously been reported for urogenital bacteria. An in vitro assay system was developed to study the coaggregation of various lactobacilli and uropathogens. The results demonstrated that highest coaggregation scores occurred after 4 h incubation at 37 °C with lactobacilli and two type-1 fimbriated E. coli strains. Of the nine lactobacilli strains tested, each was found to coaggregate with 2 or more of the 13 uropathogens. The dominance of inhibitor-producing lactobacilli on the urogenital epithelium and the ability of these organisms to interact closely with uropathogens would constitute an important host defense mechanism against infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Relationship of Predominant Escherichia coli Serotypes Isolated from Poultry, Wild Animals, and Environment in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lam Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Khanh Thuan ◽  
Nguyen Thu Tam ◽  
Chau Thi Huyen Trang ◽  
Nguyen Phuc Khanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Relationship Of

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the main causative agent of avian colibacillosis, which is an important systemic disease of profound economic and clinical consequences for the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, 975 E. coli strains were isolated from 2,169 samples collected from cloacal swabs of chickens, in-farm wild animals (ants, geckos, flies, and rats), and environment. The highest proportion of E. coli isolation was obtained from chicken cloacal swabs with 71.05% (95% confidence interval (CI) 66.69–75.05%) followed by the proportions of 38.15% (95% CI 35.41–40.97%) and 38.11% (95% CI 34.15–42.24%) from wild animals or environment, respectively. Distribution of O-antigen serotypes of the E. coli isolates, including O1, O2, O18, and O78, was determined by PCR. The most predominant serotype was O18 (10.56%) followed by O2 (9.44%), O1 (7.79%), and O78 (6.56%). Of note, serotype O18 was more likely distributed in the examined wild animals, especially in geckos. Polymorphic DNA fingerprints, generated by ERIC-PCR, of representative E. coli strains of each serotype revealed genetic heterogeneity of the examined E. coli, and O18 was more divergent with 63 clusters formed from 66 isolates. Furthermore, several E. coli strains from different sample sources shared high DNA fingerprint relatedness, suggesting that there exists complex transmission of E. coli from chickens to wild animals and environment and vice versa in poultry husbandry settings. Although pathotypes of the examined E. coli were not determined in this study, our results provided important findings of epidemiological and genetic characteristics of E. coli in the Mekong Delta and highlighted the prerequisite of stricter biocontainment to reduce the prevalence and consequences of APEC in poultry production.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Exposed to Microcin-Producing Escherichia coli

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 3763-3766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve A. Carlson ◽  
Timothy S. Frana ◽  
Ronald W. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistant Phenotype ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACT Microcin 24 is an antimicrobial peptide secreted by uropathogenicEscherichia coli. Secretion of microcin 24 provides an antibacterial defense mechanism for E. coli. In a plasmid-based system using transformed Salmonella enterica, we found that resistance to microcin 24 could be seen in concert with a multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotype. This multidrug-resistant phenotype appeared when Salmonella was exposed to an E. coli strain expressing microcin 24. Therefore, it appears that multidrug-resistant Salmonellacan arise as a result of an insult from other pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Topical Application of Escherichia coli-Vectored Vaccine as a Simple Method for Eliciting Protective Immunity

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 3607-3617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Zhang ◽  
Zhongkai Shi ◽  
Fan-kun Kong ◽  
Edward Jex ◽  
Zhigang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Clostridium Tetani ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Γδt Cells ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Γδt Cell ◽  
Vectored Vaccine

ABSTRACT We report here that animals can be protected against lethal infection by Clostridium tetani cells and Bacillus anthracis spores following topical application of intact particles of live or γ-irradiated Escherichia coli vectors overproducing tetanus and anthrax antigens, respectively. Cutaneous γδT cells were rapidly recruited to the administration site. Live E. coli cells were not found in nonskin tissues after topical application, although fragments of E. coli DNA were disseminated transiently. Evidence suggested that intact E. coli particles in the outer layer of skin may be disrupted by a γδT-cell-mediated innate defense mechanism, followed by the presentation of E. coli ligand-adjuvanted intravector antigens to the immune system and rapid degradation of E. coli components. The nonreplicating E. coli vector overproducing an exogenous immunogen may foster the development of a new generation of vaccines that can be manufactured rapidly and administered noninvasively in a wide variety of disease settings.

scholarly journals Characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy calves in Austria shedding various enteropathogenic agents

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Herrera-Luna ◽  
D. Klein ◽  
G. Lapan ◽  
S. Revilla-Fernandez ◽  
B. Haschek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Control And Prevention

Faecal samples from 230 diarrhoeic and healthy calves aged 0–6 weeks, from 100 farms in Austria, were examined between October 2004 and February 2005 for the presence of bacteria, especially Shiga toxin-producing <I>Escherichia coli </I> (STEC), viruses and parasites. <I>Escherichia coli</I> was detected in 17% of all the faecal samples and was more prevalent in healthy calves. However, <I>E. coli</I> F5 was identified only in one calf without diarrhoea. Overall, 35 out of the 230 (15.2%) samples analyzed carried the Shiga toxin gene: <I>stx1, stx2</I> or both <I>stx1</I> and<I> stx2</I> in their faeces, STEC. Nevertheless, out of 39 pathogenic <I>E. coli</I> positive samples observed, only two carried the Shiga toxin genes: <I>stx1</I>, in a diarrhoeic calf and both <I>stx1</I> and <I>stx2</I> in a healthy calf. <I>eaeA</I> and <I>Ehly</I> genes were detected more frequently in the strains from diarrhoeic calves 57.1% and 50.0%, respectively. <I>Clostridium perfringens</I> was detected in twenty-one samples, the most prevalent toxin type of <I>Clostridium perfringens</I> was found to be type A (76.2%). Other bacteria such as <I>Klebsiella</I> spp. and <I>Proteus</I> spp. were present in 1.3% and 0.4% of all samples. <I>Salmonella</I> spp. was not detected. The detection rates of other enteropathogens were 25.7% bovine coronavirus, 11.7% <I>Cryptosporidium</I> spp., 10.4% <I>Eimeria</I> spp., 9.1% group A rotavirus and <I>Giardia</I> spp. 6.1%. We demonstrated the presence of the STEC virulence genes in healthy and diarrhoeic Austrian calves but the importance of the virulence factors of STEC (<I>stx1, stx2, eae</I> and <I>Ehly</I>) in calf diarrhoea and systemic disease is not well defined. Therefore, further studies are necessary to identify reservoirs or potential sources of virulent STEC strains in order to establish control and prevention strategies for STEC associated diseases in animals and humans.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Binding to and Invasion of Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Derived from Humans and Rats of Different Ages

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 5522-5525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique F. Stins ◽  
Prasadarao V. Nemani ◽  
Carol Wass ◽  
Kwang Sik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli meningitis commonly occurs in the neonatal period, but the basis of this age dependency is unclear. We have previously identified two types of E. coli-brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) interactions contributing toE. coli traversal of the blood-brain barrier (i.e., binding and invasion). The present study examined whether the age dependency ofE. coli meningitis stemmed from differences in the capacities of neonatal and adult BMECs to interact with E. coli. BMECs were isolated from rats of different ages (10 days, 20 days and 3 months) as well as from humans of different ages (fetuses, 4- to 7-year-old children, and a 35-year-old adult, and 60- to 85-year-old geriatrics). The bindings of E. coli to young and old rat BMECs were similar. Also, the abilities of E. coli to invade BMECs were similar for BMECs derived from young and old rats and from human fetuses, children, adults, and geriatrics. These findings suggest that the predominance of E. colimeningitis in neonates is not likely due to greater binding and invasion capacities of newborn compared to adult BMECs.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Nitrite Transporter NirC in Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Adhesion of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Liu ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Siqi Lian ◽  
Xuanqiang Gu ◽  
Qianxi Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gene Deletion ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cyclic Diguanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Diguanosine Monophosphate

Abstract The Escherichia coli (E. coli) nirC gene encodes a nitrite transporter, which involved in transporting toxic nitrite (NO2-) from the environment into the bacteria. Although the deletion of nirC gene could cause changes in motility, adhesion in the previous study, and the virulence involved in the specified mechanism for pathogenic E. coli remains to be known. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the role of NirC in a serotype O2:K1:H7 avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strain. For this purpose, we generated a NirC-deficient mutant of APEC XM strain and examined its biological characteristics. The nirC gene deletion mutant enhanced ability of motility, decreased in biofilm formation, and it markedly reduced ability to adhere mouse brain microvascular endothelial cell b.End3 cells. For understanding its mechanism, sequentially we detected and found the stress regulator rpoS and its downstream genes csrA were up-regulated in NirC-deficient mutant while diguanylate cyclase gene dgcT was down-regulated. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiment, we demonstrated the concentration of intracellular 3',5'-cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) significantly decrease in nirC gene deletion mutant. Taken data together, we may make a conclusion with a possible signal pathway clue, due to NirC mutation, environmental NO2- accumulation leads to nitrite stress and inactivates c-di-GMP synthesis by stimulating the stress regulator RpoS, resulting in changes of biological characteristics.

scholarly journals Dissemination and Systemic Colonization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in a Murine Model of Bacteremia

mBio ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara N. Smith ◽  
Erin C. Hagan ◽  
M. Chelsea Lane ◽  
Harry L. T. Mobley
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacterial Genes ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACTInfection with uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), the causative agent of most uncomplicated urinary tract infections, proceeds in an ascending manner and, if left untreated, may result in bacteremia and urosepsis. To examine the fate of UPEC after its entry into the bloodstream, we developed a murine model of sublethal bacteremia. CBA/J mice were inoculated intravenously with 1 × 106 CFU of pyelonephritis strainE. coliCFT073 carrying a bioluminescent reporter. Biophotonic imaging, used to monitor the infection over 48 h, demonstrated that the bacteria disseminated systemically and appeared to localize at discrete sites. UPEC was recovered from the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, brain, and intestines as early as 20 min postinoculation, peaking at 24 h postinoculation. A nonpathogenicE. coliK-12 strain, however, disseminated at significantly lower levels (P< 0.01) and was cleared from the liver and cecum by 24 h postinoculation. Isogenic mutants lacking type 1 fimbriae, P fimbriae, capsule, TonB, the heme receptors Hma and ChuA, or particularly the sialic acid catabolism enzyme NanA were significantly outcompeted by wild-type CFT073 during bacteremia (P< 0.05), while flagellin and hemolysin mutants were not.IMPORTANCEE. coliis the primary cause of urinary tract infections. In severe cases of kidney infection, bacteria can enter the bloodstream and cause systemic disease. While the ability ofE. colito cause urinary tract infection has been extensively studied, the fate of these bacteria once they enter the bloodstream is largely unknown. Here we used an imaging technique to develop a mouse model ofE. colibloodstream infection and identify bacterial genes that are important for the bacteria to spread to and infect various organs. Understanding how urinary tract pathogens likeE. colicause disease after they enter the bloodstream may aid in the development of protective and therapeutic treatments.

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