scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Relationship of Predominant Escherichia coli Serotypes Isolated from Poultry, Wild Animals, and Environment in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lam Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Khanh Thuan ◽  
Nguyen Thu Tam ◽  
Chau Thi Huyen Trang ◽  
Nguyen Phuc Khanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Relationship Of

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the main causative agent of avian colibacillosis, which is an important systemic disease of profound economic and clinical consequences for the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, 975 E. coli strains were isolated from 2,169 samples collected from cloacal swabs of chickens, in-farm wild animals (ants, geckos, flies, and rats), and environment. The highest proportion of E. coli isolation was obtained from chicken cloacal swabs with 71.05% (95% confidence interval (CI) 66.69–75.05%) followed by the proportions of 38.15% (95% CI 35.41–40.97%) and 38.11% (95% CI 34.15–42.24%) from wild animals or environment, respectively. Distribution of O-antigen serotypes of the E. coli isolates, including O1, O2, O18, and O78, was determined by PCR. The most predominant serotype was O18 (10.56%) followed by O2 (9.44%), O1 (7.79%), and O78 (6.56%). Of note, serotype O18 was more likely distributed in the examined wild animals, especially in geckos. Polymorphic DNA fingerprints, generated by ERIC-PCR, of representative E. coli strains of each serotype revealed genetic heterogeneity of the examined E. coli, and O18 was more divergent with 63 clusters formed from 66 isolates. Furthermore, several E. coli strains from different sample sources shared high DNA fingerprint relatedness, suggesting that there exists complex transmission of E. coli from chickens to wild animals and environment and vice versa in poultry husbandry settings. Although pathotypes of the examined E. coli were not determined in this study, our results provided important findings of epidemiological and genetic characteristics of E. coli in the Mekong Delta and highlighted the prerequisite of stricter biocontainment to reduce the prevalence and consequences of APEC in poultry production.

scholarly journals High Levels of Antimicrobial Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolates from Livestock Farms and Synanthropic Rats and Shrews in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 812-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Nhung ◽  
N. V. Cuong ◽  
J. Campbell ◽  
N. T. Hoa ◽  
J. E. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACTIn Mekong Delta farms (Vietnam), antimicrobials are extensively used, but limited data are available on levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amongEscherichia coliisolates. We performed a structured survey of AMR inE. coliisolates (n= 434) from 90 pig, chicken, and duck farms. The results were compared with AMR amongE. coliisolates (n= 234) from 66 small wild animals (rats and shrews) trapped on farms and in forests and rice fields. The isolates were susceptibility tested against eight antimicrobials.E. coliisolates from farmed animals were resistant to a median of 4 (interquartile range [IQR], 3 to 6) antimicrobials versus 1 (IQR, 1 to 2) among wild mammal isolates (P< 0.001). The prevalences of AMR among farmed species isolates (versus wild animals) were as follows: tetracycline, 84.7% (versus 25.6%); ampicillin, 78.9% (versus 85.9%); trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 52.1% (versus 18.8%); chloramphenicol, 39.9% (versus 22.5%); amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, 36.6% (versus 34.5%); and ciprofloxacin, 24.9% (versus 7.3%). The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) (resistance against three or more antimicrobial classes) among pig isolates was 86.7% compared to 66.9 to 72.7% among poultry isolates. After adjusting for host species, MDR was ∼8 times greater among isolates from wild mammals trapped on farms than among those trapped in forests/rice fields (P< 0.001). Isolates were assigned to unique profiles representing their combinations of susceptibility results. Multivariable analysis of variance indicated that AMR profiles from wild mammals trapped on farms and those from domestic animals were more alike (R2range, 0.14 to 0.30) thanE. coliisolates from domestic animals and mammals trapped in the wild (R2range, 0.25 to 0.45). The results strongly suggest that AMR on farms is a key driver of environmental AMR in the Mekong Delta.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistance Dissemination in Escherichia coli Isolated from Wild Animals: Bacterial Clones and Plasmid Complicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Carolina Sabença ◽  
Gilberto Igrejas ◽  
Patrícia Poeta ◽  
Frédéric Robin ◽  
Richard Bonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Animal Isolates

Objectives. Epidemiological data concerning third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance in wild fauna are scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance genes, their genetic context, and clonal relatedness in 17 Escherichia coli resistant to 3GC isolated from wild animals. Methods. The isolates were characterized by short-read whole genome sequencing, and long-read sequencing was used for the hybrid assembly of plasmid sequences. Results. The 3GC resistance gene most identified in the isolates was the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-encoding gene blaCTX-M-1 (82.3%), followed by blaCTX-M-32 (5.9%), blaCTX-M-14 (5.9%), and blaSHV-12 (5.9%). E. coli isolates mainly belonged to the sequence types (STs) rarely reported from humans. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing showed that most E. coli genomes from wild animals (wild boars, birds of prey, and buzzards) formed clonal clusters (<5 SNPs), showing a clonal dissemination crossing species boundaries. blaCTX-M-1-harboring IncI1-ST3 plasmid was the predominant ESBL-encoding plasmid (76.4%) in wild animal isolates. Plasmid comparison revealed a 110-kb self-transferable plasmid consisting of a conserved backbone and two variable regions involved in antimicrobial resistance and in interaction with recipient cells during conjugation. Conclusion. Our results highlighted the unexpected clonal dissemination of blaCTX-M-1-encoding clones and the complicity of IncI1-ST3 plasmid in the spread of blaCTX-M-1 within wild fauna.

scholarly journals Competitive Exclusion Reduces Transmission and Excretion of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Broilers

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ceccarelli ◽  
Alieda van Essen-Zandbergen ◽  
Bregtje Smid ◽  
Kees T. Veldman ◽  
Gert Jan Boender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Probiotic Product

ABSTRACT Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC) are enzymes able to hydrolyze a large variety of β-lactam antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins and monobactams. Broilers and broiler meat products can be highly contaminated with ESBL- and pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli strains, also known as extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant E. coli strains, and can be a source for human infections. As few data on interventions to reduce the presence of ESC-resistant E. coli in broilers are available, we used transmission experiments to examine the role of competitive exclusion (CE) on reducing transmission and excretion in broilers. A broiler model to study the transmission of ESC-resistant E. coli was set up. Day-old chickens were challenged with an ESBL-producing E. coli strain isolated from healthy broilers in the Netherlands. Challenged and not challenged chicks were housed together in pairs or in groups, and ESBL-producing E. coli transmission was monitored via selective culturing of cloacal swab specimens. We observed a statistically significant reduction in both the transmission and excretion of ESBL-producing E. coli in chicks treated with the probiotic flora before E. coli challenge compared to the transmission and excretion in untreated controls. In conclusion, our results support the use of competitive exclusion as an intervention strategy to control ESC-resistant E. coli in the field. IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases are a primary cause of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae in humans, animals, and the environment. Food-producing animals are not exempt from this, with a high prevalence being seen in broilers, and there is evidence pointing to a possible foodborne source for human contamination. We investigated the effect of administration of a commercial probiotic product as an intervention to reduce the amount of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in broilers. Our results showed a substantial reduction in the level of colonization of broiler intestines by ESBL-producing E. coli after administration of commercial probiotic product. The protective effect provided by these probiotics could be implemented on a larger scale in poultry production. Reductions in the levels of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the food chain would considerably benefit public health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from Raw Retail Broiler Chickens in Zambia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Muligisa Muonga ◽  
Geoffrey Mainda ◽  
Mercy Mukuma ◽  
Geoffrey Kwenda ◽  
Bernard Hang'ombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Open Markets

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of foodborne pathogens is of public health concern, especially in developing countries like Zambia. This study was undertaken to determine the resistance profiles of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Salmonella isolated from dressed broiler chickens purchased from open markets and supermarkets in Zambia.Results A total of 189 E. coli and five Salmonella isolates were isolated. Identification and confirmation of the isolates was done using Analytical Profile Index (API 20E) (Biomerieux ® ) and 16S rRNA sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) were performed using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion technique using a panel of 10 different antibiotics and multiplex PCR was used to determine the presence of three target genes encoding for resistance: tetA, Sul1 and CTXM. AST results were entered and analyzed in WHONET 2018 software. A total of 189 E. coli and five Salmonella isolates were identified. Among the E. coli isolates, Tetracycline recorded the highest resistance of 79.4%, followed by Ampicillin 51.9%, Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 49.7%, Nalidixic Acid 24.3%, Chloramphenicol 16.4%, Cefotaxime 16.4%, Ciprofloxacin 10.1%, Colistin 7.4%, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid 6.9%, and Imipenem 1.1%. Two of the five Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Forty- seven (45.2%) of the isolates possessed at least one of the targeted resistance genes.Conclusion This study has demonstrated the presence of AMR E. coli and Salmonella on raw broiler chickens from both open markets and supermarkets. Such resistance is of public health concern and measures need to be put in place to regulate the use of these antimicrobials in poultry production.

scholarly journals Despite Predominance of Uropathogenic/Extraintestinal Pathotypes Among Travel-acquired Extended-spectrum β-Lactamase–producing Escherichia coli, the Most Commonly Associated Clinical Manifestation Is Travelers’ Diarrhea

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kantele ◽  
Tinja Lääveri ◽  
Sointu Mero ◽  
Inka M K Häkkinen ◽  
Juha Kirveskari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Enterobacteriaceae Infections ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractBackgroundOne-third of the 100 million travelers to the tropics annually acquire extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), with undefined clinical consequences.MethodsSymptoms suggesting Enterobacteriaceae infections were recorded prospectively among 430 Finnish travelers, 90 (21%) of whom acquired ESBL-PE abroad. ESBL-PE isolates underwent polymerase chain reaction–based detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes (enteroaggregative E. coli [EAEC], enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC], enterotoxigenic E. coli [ETEC], enteroinvasive E. coli, and Shiga toxin–producing E. coli), and extraintestinal pathogenic/uropathogenic E. coli (ExPEC/UPEC). Laboratory-confirmed ESBL-PE infections were surveyed 5 years before and after travel.ResultsAmong the 90 ESBL-PE carriers, manifestations of Enterobacteriaceae infection included travelers’ diarrhea (TD) (75/90 subjects) and urinary tract infection (UTI) (3/90). The carriers had 96 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, 51% exhibiting a molecular pathotype: 13 (14%) were DEC (10 EAEC, 2 EPEC, 1 ETEC) (12 associated with TD) and 39 (41%) ExPEC/UPEC (none associated with UTI). Of ESBL-PE, 3 (3%) were ExPEC/UPEC-EAEC hybrids (2 associated with diarrhea, none with UTI). Potential ESBL-PE infections were detected in 15 of 90 subjects (17%). The 10-year medical record survey identified 4 laboratory-confirmed ESBL-PE infections among the 430 travelers, all in subjects who screened ESBL-PE negative after returning home from their index journeys but had traveled abroad before their infection episodes.ConclusionsHalf of all travel-acquired ESBL-producing E. coli strains qualified molecularly as pathogens. Extraintestinal and uropathogenic pathotypes outnumbered enteric pathotypes (41% vs 14%), yet the latter correlated more closely with symptomatic infection (0% vs 92%). Despite more ESBL-PE strains qualifying as ExPEC/UPEC than DEC, travel-acquired ESBL-PE are more often associated with TD than UTI.

scholarly journals Characterization of the β-lactamase specified by the resistance factor R-1818 in Escherichia coli K12 and other Gram-negative bacteria

1971 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Dale
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
R Factor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. The amino acid composition of the β-lactamase from E. coli (R-1818) was determined. 2. The R-1818 β-lactamase is inhibited by formaldehyde, hydroxylamine, sodium azide, iodoacetamide, iodine and sodium chloride. 3. The Km values for benzylpenicillin, ampicillin and oxacillin have been determined by using the R-factor enzyme from different host species. The same values were obtained, irrespective of the host bacterium. 4. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 44600, and was the same for all host species. 5. The relationship of R-1818 and R-GN238 β-lactamases is discussed.

scholarly journals Genomic Investigation into the Virulome, Pathogenicity, Stress Response Factors, Clonal Lineages, and Phylogenetic Relationship of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Meat Sources in Ghana

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Frederick Adzitey ◽  
Jonathan Asante ◽  
Hezekiel M. Kumalo ◽  
Rene B. Khan ◽  
Anou M. Somboro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Sequence Types

Escherichia coli are among the most common foodborne pathogens associated with infections reported from meat sources. This study investigated the virulome, pathogenicity, stress response factors, clonal lineages, and the phylogenomic relationship of E. coli isolated from different meat sources in Ghana using whole-genome sequencing. Isolates were screened from five meat sources (beef, chevon, guinea fowl, local chicken, and mutton) and five areas (Aboabo, Central market, Nyorni, Victory cinema, and Tishegu) based in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Following microbial identification, the E. coli strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Comparative visualisation analyses showed different DNA synteny of the strains. The isolates consisted of diverse sequence types (STs) with the most common being ST155 (n = 3/14). Based Upon Related Sequence Types (eBURST) analyses of the study sequence types identified four similar clones, five single-locus variants, and two satellite clones (more distantly) with global curated E. coli STs. All the isolates possessed at least one restriction-modification (R-M) and CRISPR defence system. Further analysis revealed conserved stress response mechanisms (detoxification, osmotic, oxidative, and periplasmic stress) in the strains. Estimation of pathogenicity predicted a higher average probability score (Pscore ≈ 0.937), supporting their pathogenic potential to humans. Diverse virulence genes that were clonal-specific were identified. Phylogenomic tree analyses coupled with metadata insights depicted the high genetic diversity of the E. coli isolates with no correlation with their meat sources and areas. The findings of this bioinformatic analyses further our understanding of E. coli in meat sources and are broadly relevant to the design of contamination control strategies in meat retail settings in Ghana.

scholarly journals Resistance and Virulence Mechanisms of Escherichia coli Selected by Enrofloxacin in Chicken

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Haihong Hao ◽  
Menghong Dai ◽  
Heying Zhang ◽  
Jianan Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Level ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics, antibiotic resistance patterns, and novel mechanisms involved in fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance in commensal Escherichia coli isolates. The E. coli isolates were recovered from a previous clinical study and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular typing. Known mechanisms of FQ resistance (target site mutations, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance [PMQR] genes, relative expression levels of efflux pumps and porins) were detected using DNA sequencing of PCR products and real-time quantitative PCR. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing was performed on 11 representative strains to screen for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The function of a key SNP (A1541G) was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and allelic exchange. The results showed that long-term enrofloxacin treatment selected multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates in the chicken gut and that these E. coli isolates had diverse genetic backgrounds. Multiple genetic alterations, including double mutations on GyrA (S83L and D87N), a single mutation on ParC (S80I) and ParE (S458E), activation of efflux pumps, and the presence of the QnrS1 protein, contributed to the high-level FQ resistance (enrofloxacin MIC [MICENR] ≥ 128 μg/ml), while the relatively low-level FQ resistance (MICENR = 8 or 16 μg/ml) was commonly mediated by decreased expression of the porin OmpF, besides enhancement of the efflux pumps. No significant relationship was observed between resistance mechanisms and virulence genes. Introduction of the A1541G mutation on aegA was able to increase FQ susceptibility by 2-fold. This study contributes to a better understanding of the development of MDR and the differences underlying the mechanisms of high-level and low-level FQ resistance in E. coli.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli Producing Extended-Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) from Domestic Camels in the Canary Islands: A One Health Approach

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Isabel Carvalho ◽  
María Teresa Tejedor-Junco ◽  
Margarita González-Martín ◽  
Juan Alberto Corbera ◽  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Esbl Producer ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Pcr

Objective: This work aimed to determine the carriage rate of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli as well as their genetic characteristics in camels from the Canary Islands, Spain. Methods: Fecal samples were recovered from 58 healthy camels from Gran Canaria (n = 32) and Fuerteventura Islands (n = 26) during July 2019. They were seeded on MacConkey (MC) agar no supplemented and supplemented (MC + CTX) with cefotaxime (2 µg/mL). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion test (CLSI, 2018). The presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM,blaCMY-2 and blaOXA-1/48 genes was tested by PCR/sequencing. Furthermore, the mcr-1 (colistin resistance), tetA/tetB (tetracycline resistance), int1 (integrase of class 1 integrons) and stx1,2 genes were analyzed. Phylogenetic groups and sequence types were determined by specific-PCR/sequencing for selected isolates. Results: E. coli was obtained from all the 58 camels in MC media (100%) and in five of them in MC + CTX media (8.6%). Furthermore, 63.8% of E. coli isolates recovered from MC agar were susceptible to all the antibiotics tested. The five E. coli isolates recovered from MC + CTX media were characterized and two of them were ESBL-producers (3.4%). Both ESBL-producer isolates carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene and belonged to the lineages ST3018 (phylogroup A) and ST69 (phylogroup B1). The 3 ESBL-negative isolates recovered from MC-CTX plates were ascribed to phylogroup-B1. Conclusions: Camels can be a source of ESBL-producer bacteria, containing the widespread blaCTX-M-15 gene associated with the lineages ST3018 and ST69.

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