scholarly journals The combined impacts of wheat spatial position and phenology on cereal aphid abundance

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9142
Author(s):  
Zhaniya S. Batyrshina ◽  
Alon Cna’ani ◽  
Tamir Rozenberg ◽  
Merav Seifan ◽  
Vered Tzin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Aphid Abundance

Background Wheat is a staple crop that suffers from massive yield losses caused by cereal aphids. Many factors can determine the abundance of cereal aphids and the damage they cause to plants; among them are the plant’s genetic background, as well as environmental conditions such as spatial position within the plot, the composition and the distance from neighboring vegetation. Although the effects of these factors have been under scrutiny for many years, the combined effect of both factors on aphid populations is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to examine the collective impact of genotype and environment on wheat phenology (developmental stages), chemical diversity (metabolites), and insect susceptibility, as manifested by cereal aphid abundance. Methods To determine the influence of plant genotype on the metrics mentioned above, we measured the phenology, chemical profile, and aphid abundance of four wheat genotypes, including the tetraploid wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides cv. Zavitan), tetraploid durum (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum cv. Svevo), and two hexaploid spring bread (Triticum aestivum), ‘Rotem’ and ‘Chinese Spring’. These genotypes are referred to as “focal” plants. To evaluate the impact of the environment, we scored the distance of each focal plant (spatial position) from two neighboring vegetation types: (i) natural resource and (ii) monoculture wheat resource. Results The results demonstrated that the wild emmer wheat was the most aphid-resistant, while the bread wheat Rotem was most aphid-susceptible. Aphids were more abundant in plants that matured early. The spatial position analysis demonstrated that aphids were more abundant in focal plants located closer to the margin monoculture wheat resource rather than to the natural resource, suggesting a resource concentration effect. The analysis of metabolic diversity showed that the levels of three specialized metabolites from the flavonoid class, differed between the wheat genotypes and some minor changes in central metabolites were shown as well. Altogether, these results demonstrate a combined effect of genetic background and spatial position on wheat phenology and aphid abundance on plants. This exposes the potential role of the marginal vegetation environment in shaping the insect population of desirable crops. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining plant intra-specific variation in the agriculture system because of its potential applications in reducing pest density.

Trophic interactions between three species of cereal aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and spring wheat (Poaceae): implications for pest management

2007 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Migui ◽  
Robert J. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Specific Impact

AbstractThe susceptibilities of genetically diverse Canadian spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum durum Desf., to three aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), were investigated. Trophic interactions measured as changes in biomass of aphids and wheat plants were used to quantify levels of resistance, components of resistance, and impact of aphids on yield. Plants in field cages were infested with small numbers of aphids for 21 days at heading. These plants were usually more suitable for the development of S. avenae and S. graminum than of R. padi. Partial resistance, measured as seed production by infested plants as a proportion of that by a control, varied from 11% to 59% for different aphid species and wheat classes when all wheat plants were infested at the same stage. Cultivars within wheat classes responded similarly to each of the aphid species. None of the wheat cultivars showed agriculturally effective levels of antibiosis. The specific impact of each aphid species and wheat class varied from 5 to 15 mg of plant biomass lost for each milligram of biomass gained by the aphids. Canadian Western Red Spring wheat had a lower specific impact and therefore was more tolerant to aphids than the other two classes, but not tolerant enough to avoid economic damage at the aphid densities observed. Plants did not compensate for feeding damage after aphid feeding ceased, based on the higher specific impacts observed for mature plants than for plants that were heading. The interactions between aphids and plants show that current economic thresholds probably underestimate the damage caused by cereal aphids to Canadian spring wheat.

scholarly journals Length of prematurity period in wheat cultivars determines maximum cereal aphid abundance

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 254-261
Author(s):  
Trávníčková Martina ◽  
Pánková Kateřina ◽  
Martinková Zdenka ◽  
Honěk Alois
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cereal Aphid ◽  
Genetic Disposition ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Aphid Abundance

Maximum aphid numbers on wheat are positively related to the length of the period elapsed from immigration to the population peak. We predicted that maximum abundances on late maturing cultivars would be greater than on early ones. This was tested using 8 spring wheat cultivars that differed in the length of time to senescence. In a 4-year experiment, numbers of aphids were checked at weekly intervals. Maximum abundances on late-maturing cultivars were significantly greater than those on early cultivars. However, the length of the vegetation period affected maximum abundances less than did the annual variation in aphid abundance. Genetic disposition for early ripening thus tends to decrease aphid numbers, but manipulation of this character is unlikely to become an important source of aphid resistance.

Identification and mapping of a photoperiod response gene (QPpd.zafu-4A) on wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) chromosome 4AL

Euphytica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Yu ◽  
Yunzheng Miao ◽  
Siqing Yang ◽  
Zhaobin Shi ◽  
Nana Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wild Emmer Wheat ◽  
Emmer Wheat ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Response Gene

scholarly journals Predicting aphid abundance on winter wheat using suction trap catches

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Alois Honěk ◽  
Zdenka Martinková ◽  
Marek Brabec ◽  
Pavel Saska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Cereal Aphids ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Suction Traps ◽  
Suction Trap ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Total Suction ◽  
Aphid Abundance

The relationship between the number of cereal aphids in flight (recorded by a national grid of suction traps in the Czech Republic) and their occurrence on winter wheat (in Prague) was established between 1999–2015. The flight of all the species was bimodal. Except for Rhopalosiphum padi, whose flight activity peaked in autumn, > 80% of individuals were trapped during April to mid-August. The species frequency was different between the winter wheat and aerial populations. R. padi, the dominant species in the trap catches, formed a small proportion of the aphids on the winter wheat, while Sitobion avenae and Metopolophium dirhodum, which were underrepresented in the suction traps, alternately dominated the populations on the wheat. The aphid abundance in the wheat stands was correlated with the suction trap catches in the “spring” peak (April to mid-August), and the maximum flight activity occurred 4–10 days after the peak in the number of aphids on the wheat. In contrast, the prediction of the aphid abundance in the wheat stands using the total suction trap catches until the 15th of June (the final date for the application of crop protection actions) was reliable only for M. dirhodum. Its maximum abundance on the wheat exceeded 40 aphids per tiller if the total suction trap catch until the 15th of June was ≥ 60 individuals per trap. The prediction of R. padi and S. avenae abundance using the suction trap catches was not reliable.

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