scholarly journals Genetic variability and structure of an important wild steppe grass Psathyrostachys juncea (Triticeae: Poaceae) germplasm collection from north and central Asia

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9033
Author(s):  
Yi Xiong ◽  
Yanli Xiong ◽  
Qingqing Yu ◽  
Junming Zhao ◽  
Xiong Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Russian Wildrye

Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys junceus (Fisch.) Nevski, is an important wild steppe perennial grass, which is characterized by longevity and short robust rhizomes. It also has highly resistance in grazing and abiotic stress. In this study, the genetic diversity of eleven P. juncea wild germplasms from north and central Asia was investigated using AFLP markers. The P. juncea populations were divided into three clades in both UPGMA dendrogram and PCoA clustering corresponding to the three genetic memberships in STRUCTURE analysis. The genetic specificity of Xinjiang (XJ) populations was revealed by the highest Ne (1.5411) and Hj (0.3553) and their dispersion shown in UPGMA. High inbreeding coefficient (Wright’s F statistics, f = 0.496, Fst = 0.128) was observed although a moderate degree of gene flow (Nm = 1.4736) existed, that may ascribe to habitat fragmentation or the low seedling recruitment, which ultimately resulted in decrease of population size and their genetic diversity. The key factors inducing moderate genetic differentiation detected in this study were isolation by distance (IBD), climatic variabilities and geographical barriers. All these results provide insights into the study of genetic status and germplasm collecting of Russian wildrye.

scholarly journals A perfect storm: ploidy and preadaptation facilitate Saccharum spontaneum escape and invasion in the Republic of Panama

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Saltonstall ◽  
Graham D. Bonnett ◽  
Karen S. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Saccharum Spontaneum ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Germplasm Collections ◽  
High Ploidy ◽  
Sugarcane Germplasm

AbstractPolyploidy may contribute to invasive ability as it can lead to high survival and fitness during establishment and enhance the processes of adaptation to novel environments by increasing genetic diversity in invading propagules. Many grasses are polyploid and many are aggressive invaders, making them persistent problems in disturbed environments worldwide. Today, vast areas of central Panama are dominated by Saccharum spontaneum, a perennial grass that originates from Asia. While widely regarded as invasive, it is not known when or how it arrived in Panama. We explore hypotheses regarding the timing and origins of this invasion through literature review and comparisons of genetic diversity in Panama with accessions from available sugarcane germplasm collections, highlighting historical accessions that were likely brought to Panama in 1939 as part of a USDA sugarcane germplasm collection. Samples were haplotyped at two chloroplast loci and genotyped using eight microsatellite markers. All sequenced individuals from Panama belong to a single chloroplast lineage which is common worldwide and was common in the Historic germplasm collection. Although genotypic diversity was extremely high in all samples due to high ploidy, samples from Panama had reduced diversity and clustered with several accessions in the Historic collection which had the same haplotype and high ploidy levels. Our results suggest that accidental escape from the historical sugarcane germplasm collection is the likely origin of the S. spontaneum invasion in Panama. Intraspecific hybridization among several historical accessions and pre-adaptation to local conditions may have facilitated its rapid spread and persistence. We discuss the implications of our findings for biosecurity of germplasm collections.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chionanthus virginicus

2022 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Wadl ◽  
Timothy A. Rinehart ◽  
Richard T. Olsen ◽  
Benjamin D. Waldo ◽  
Joseph H. Kirkbride
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Wide Range

The genus Chionanthus, known as fringetrees, is a member of the olive family (Oleaceae). Chionanthus virginicus is an understory tree or shrub with a wide range in forests of the eastern United States and is used as an ornamental tree that is known to be free of insects and disease in the wild. The species is tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions, and there is interest in developing new cultivars with improved horticultural traits, such as tree form or upright growth habit and superior flowering display that are widely adapted. To identify genepools in the native range of C. virginicus for use in breeding programs, the genetic diversity and population structure were assessed for 274 individuals from 12 locations in four states (Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, and Texas) using 26 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). An average of 12.54 alleles/locus were detected, allelic richness averaged 2.80. Genetic differentiation was 0.11, indicating moderate differentiation among subpopulations. Despite the high genetic diversity and low population differentiation, Bayesian clustering analysis identified six genetic groups that match the geographic distribution of collection sites. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that most (82%) of the variation is explained within individuals, and 11% and 7% of the variation is due to differences among individuals within populations and among populations. Analysis of isolation by distance across all samples showed a weak positive relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance. The C. virginicus samples analyzed in this study indicate there is sufficient diversity for germplasm collection for use in breeding programs. Given the relatively moderate genetic differentiation, there are not likely to be unique islands of genetic diversity that may be missed when gathering parental materials for a breeding program

scholarly journals Partitioning of Isozyme Diversity in Wild Populations of Malus sieversii L. and Implications for Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 619c-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren F. Lamboy ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
Phil L. Forsline ◽  
Norman F. Weeden
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Malus Sieversii ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Isozyme Diversity

One of the primary progenitors of the cultivated apple (Malus ×domestica) is M. sieversii, a species native to the forested regions of Central Asia. Despite the horticultural importance of M. sieversii, little is known about its genetic variation. In this study, isozyme diversity at 18 loci was determined for 259 open-pollinated offspring belonging to 31 different maternal half-sib families collected from 14 different populations in 4 regions of central Asia. Genetic diversity statistics were computed from the resulting allele and phenotype frequencies. Cluster analysis of half-sib families showed that there was some grouping based on geographic region, but 16 of the half-sib families were most closely related to half-sib families from other regions. AMOVA, the analysis of molecular variance, indicated that most of the enzyme variability (85%) was attributable to differences among half-sib families within populations, none could be assigned to populations within regions, and 15% was due to differences among regions. In addition, no alleles were found that were both fixed in a region and unique to that region. These results suggest that plants belonging to M. sieversii effectively form a single panmictic population. Thus, a thorough sampling of a few large populations will efficiently capture most of the genetic diversity present in wild M. sieversii.

Propoxycarbazone-Sodium and Imazapic Effects on Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Newly Seeded Perennial Grasses

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo M. Sbatella ◽  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Stephen F. Enloe ◽  
Charlie Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Russian Wildrye

AbstractVigorous stands of perennial grasses can effectively provide long-term control of many invasive plants on rangelands. However, in degraded conditions, successful reestablishment of perennial grasses can be compromised by invasive annual grasses, such as downy brome. Propoxycarbazone-sodium is a selective herbicide currently labeled for downy brome control in small grains, but its potential use on rangelands is unknown. Studies were conducted from 2004 through 2008 at three rangeland sites in Colorado and Nebraska to evaluate downy brome control and perennial grass injury with propoxycarbazone-sodium and imazapic. Propoxycarbazone-sodium provided satisfactory downy brome control with grass injury equal to or less than imazapic when rainfall followed the fall application. A second set of studies was conducted from 2007 to 2008 at Lingle, WY, and Scottsbluff, NE, to determine the plant-back interval and postemergence application response of seven perennial grass species to propoxycarbazone-sodium and imazapic. Grass tolerance to both herbicides was good when applied 90 and 120 d before planting (DBP). However, grass injury increased as plant-back interval decreased. The greatest impact on plant biomass was observed from herbicide applied at planting or after planting. Crested and intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatumandThinopyrum intermedium) biomass production was not affected when herbicides were applied 90 or 120 DBP. Western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii) and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) showed tolerance to imazapic applied before planting. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis), sheep fescue (Festuca ovina), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) showed the least amount of tolerance to propoxycarbazone-sodium and imazapic.

Study of genetic diversity in wild raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) germplasm collection using morphological characters and RAPD markers

Biologija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Patamsytė ◽  
Donatas Žvingila ◽  
Juozas Labokas ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas ◽  
Laimutė Balčiūnienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rubus Idaeus

Genetic Analysis of Chinese Cucumber Collections in the U.S. National Germplasm Collection

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 534e-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Staub ◽  
Felix Sequen ◽  
Tom Horejsi ◽  
Jin Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
National Plant Germplasm System ◽  
The U.S

Genetic variation in cucumber accessions from China was assessed by examining variation at 21 polymorphic isozyme loci. Principal component analysis of allelic variation allowed for the depiction of two distinct groupings of Chinese accessions collected in 1994 and 1996 (67 accessions). Six isozyme loci (Gpi, Gr, Mdh-2, Mpi-2, Pep-gl, and Pep-la) were important in elucidating these major groups. These groupings were different from a single grouping of Chinese 146 accessions acquired before 1994. Allelic variation in Chinese accessions allowed for comparisons with other accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (U.S. NPGS) collection grouped by continent and sub-continent. When Chinese accessions taken collectively were compared with an array of 853 C. sativus U.S. NPGS accessions examined previously, relationships differed between accessions grouped by country or subcontinent. Data indicate that acquisition of additional Chinese and Indian cucumber accessions would be strategically important for increasing genetic diversity in the U.S. NPGS cucumber collection.

scholarly journals Stand out from the Crowd: Small-Scale Genetic Structuring in the Endemic Sicilian Pond Turtle

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Luca Vecchioni ◽  
Federico Marrone ◽  
Marco Arculeo ◽  
Uwe Fritz ◽  
Melita Vamberger
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Geographical Pattern ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Pond Turtle ◽  
Emys Trinacris ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite ◽  
Entire Distribution

The geographical pattern of genetic diversity was investigated in the endemic Sicilian pond turtle Emys trinacris across its entire distribution range, using 16 microsatellite loci. Overall, 245 specimens of E. trinacris were studied, showing high polymorphic microsatellite loci, with allele numbers ranging from 7 to 30. STRUCTURE and GENELAND analyses showed a noteworthy, geographically based structuring of the studied populations in five well-characterized clusters, supported by a moderate degree of genetic diversity (FST values between 0.075 and 0.160). Possible explanations for the genetic fragmentation observed are provided, where both natural and human-mediated habitat fragmentation of the Sicilian wetlands played a major role in this process. Finally, some conservation and management suggestions aimed at preventing the loss of genetic variability of the species are briefly reported, stressing the importance of considering the five detected clusters as independent Management Units.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) accessions in a Thailand collection using SNP markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimar Abdiel Perez ◽  
Pumipat Tongyoo ◽  
Julapark Chunwongse ◽  
Hans de Jong ◽  
Anucha Wongpraneekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Unrooted Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Luffa Acutangula ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis study explored a germplasm collection consisting of 112 Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) accessions, mainly from Thailand. A total of 2834 SNPs were used to establish population structure and underlying genetic diversity while exploring the fruit characteristics together with genetic information which would help in the selection of parental lines for a breeding program. The study found that the average polymorphism information content value of 0.288 which indicates a moderate genetic diversity for this L. acutangula germplasm. STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK at K = 6) allowed us to group the accessions into six subpopulations that corresponded well with the unrooted phylogenetic tree and principal coordinate analyses. When plotted, the STRUCTURE bars to the area of collection, we observed an admixed genotype from surrounding accessions and a geneflow confirmed by the value of FST = 0.137. AMOVA based on STRUCTURE clustering showed a low 12.83% variation between subpopulations that correspond well with the negative inbreeding coefficient value (FIS =  − 0.092) and low total fixation index (FIT = 0.057). There were distinguishing fruit shapes and length characteristics in specific accessions for each subpopulation. The genetic diversity and different fruit shapes in the L. acutangula germplasm could benefit the ridge gourd breeding programs to meet the demands and needs of consumers, farmers, and vegetable exporters such as increasing the yield of fruit by the fruit width but not by the fruit length to solve the problem of fruit breakage during exportation.

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