scholarly journals Early changes in the urine proteome in a rat liver tumour model

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8462
Author(s):  
Yameng Zhang ◽  
Yufei Gao ◽  
Youhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Liver Tumour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Tumour Model ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Differential Proteins ◽  
Walker 256 ◽  
Homeostatic State

Background Urine, as a potential biomarker source among body fluids, can accumulate many early changes in the body due to the lack of mechanisms to maintain a homeostatic state. This study aims to detect early changes in the urinary proteome in a rat liver tumour model. Methods The tumour model was established with the Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cell line (W256). Urinary proteins at days 3, 5, 7 and 11 were profiled by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Compared with controls, differential proteins were selected. Associations of differential proteins with cancer were retrieved. Results At days 3, 5, 7 and 11, five, fifteen, eleven and twelve differential proteins were identified, respectively. Some of the differential proteins were reported to be associated with liver cancer. This differential urinary protein pattern was different from the patterns in W256 subcutaneous, lung metastasis and intracerebral tumour models. Conclusions This study demonstrates that (1) early changes in urinary proteins can be found in the rat liver tumour model; (2) urinary proteins can be used to differentiate the same tumour cells grown in different organs.

scholarly journals Early changes in the urine proteome in a rat liver tumor model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yameng Zhang ◽  
Yufei Gao ◽  
Youhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Tumor ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Differential Proteins

AbstractUrine, as a potential biomarker source among the body fluids, can accumulate many changes in the body due to the lack of a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic state. Previous studies have demonstrated that proteomic technology can find many potential biomarkers to reflect different diseases in the urine. This study aims to detect early changes in the urinary proteome in a rat liver tumor model. The tumor model was established with the Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cell line (W256). Compared to before the injection, ninety-five differential proteins were significantly changed in the experimental rats. At day 3, twelve proteins were identified in the absence of pathological changes, and four of them were altered at all four time-points (B2MG, VCAM1, HA11, and LG3BP). Seven had previously been associated with liver cancer. At day 5, fifty-two differential proteins were identified. At day 7 and day 11, there was a significant decrease in the body weight of the rats, and tumor tissue was observed in the liver. Fifty-two and forty differential proteins were changed significantly at day 7 and day 11, respectively. Of the proteins that were identified at these three time-points, and twenty-four were reported to be associated with liver cancer. Comparing the differential urinary proteins and biological processes of liver tumor model with those in different models of W256 grown in other organs, specific differential protein patterns were found among the four models, which indicates that the differential urinary proteins can reflect the differences when the same tumor cell grown in different organs.SignificanceThis study demonstrated that (1) the rat liver tumor model caused early changes in urinary proteins may give new insight into the early diagnosis of liver cancer; (2) the same tumor cell grown in different organs can be reflected in differential urinary proteins.

scholarly journals Urimem, a membrane that can store urinary proteins simply and economically, makes the large-scale storage of clinical samples possible

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Jia ◽  
Xuejiao Liu ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Mingxi Li ◽  
Youhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Biomarker Research

Biological samples from patients are invaluable for both medical research and medical practice. Ideally, the samples should be preserved for the same period of time as the duration of their corresponding medical records. Urine is a body fluid that can be non-invasively acquired, and it contains important biological information about the patient. Unlike blood which has mechanisms to keep the internal environment homeostatic, urine is more likely to reflect changes of the body. In other words, urine is likely to be a better biomarker source than blood. Here, we propose a method to adsorb urinary proteins onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane called Urimem. The method is very simple and inexpensive and requires minimal sample handling. It does not use organic solvents, and it is environmentally friendly. The proteins on the membrane are dried and stored in vacuum bag, which keeps the protein pattern faithfully preserved. The membrane may even permit storage at room temperature for weeks. The quantity of eluted proteins from the membrane is sufficient for biomarker validation experiments. Using this simple and inexpensive urinary protein preservation method, it is possible to begin preserving urine samples from all consenting patients. Thus, medical research especially biomarker research can be conducted more economically, ultimately benefiting the patients who provided the samples. This sample storage approach can facilitate the biomarker research and potentially change the landscape of medical research and medical practice.

scholarly journals Urimem, a membrane that can store urinary proteins simply and economically, makes the large-scale storage of clinical samples possible

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Jia ◽  
Xuejiao Liu ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Mingxi Li ◽  
Youhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Biomarker Research

Biological samples from patients are invaluable for both medical research and medical practice. Ideally, the samples should be preserved for the same period of time as the duration of their corresponding medical records. Urine is a body fluid that can be non-invasively acquired, and it contains important biological information about the patient. Unlike blood which has mechanisms to keep the internal environment homeostatic, urine is more likely to reflect changes of the body. In other words, urine is likely to be a better biomarker source than blood. Here, we propose a method to adsorb urinary proteins onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane called Urimem. The method is very simple and inexpensive and requires minimal sample handling. It does not use organic solvents, and it is environmentally friendly. The proteins on the membrane are dried and stored in vacuum bag, which keeps the protein pattern faithfully preserved. The membrane may even permit storage at room temperature for weeks. The quantity of eluted proteins from the membrane is sufficient for biomarker validation experiments. Using this simple and inexpensive urinary protein preservation method, it is possible to begin preserving urine samples from all consenting patients. Thus, medical research especially biomarker research can be conducted more economically, ultimately benefiting the patients who provided the samples. This sample storage approach can facilitate the biomarker research and potentially change the landscape of medical research and medical practice.

scholarly journals Early candidate biomarkers in urine of Walker-256 lung metastasis rat model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wei ◽  
Na Ni ◽  
Linpei Zhang ◽  
Youhe Gao
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Metastasis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Tail Vein ◽  
Tail Vein Injection ◽  
Differential Proteins ◽  
Walker 256

AbstractCancer metastasis accounts for the majority of deaths by cancer. Detection of cancer metastasis at its early stage is important for the management and prediction of cancer progression. Urine, which is not regulated by homeostatic mechanisms, reflects systemic changes in the whole body and can potentially be used for the early detection of cancer metastasis. In this study, a lung metastasis of a Walker-256 rat model was established by tail-vein injection of Walker-256 cells. Urine samples were collected at days 2, 4, 6 and 9 after injection, and the urinary proteomes were profiled using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The urinary protein patterns changed significantly with the development of Walker-256 lung metastasis. On the fourth day, lung metastasis nodules appeared. On the sixth day, clinical symptoms started. On days 2, 4, 6 and 9, 11, 25, 34 and 44 differential proteins were identified in 7 lung metastatic rats by LC-MS/MS. Seventeen of these 62 differential proteins were identified on the second day, and 18 of them were identified on the fourth day. The differential urinary proteins changed significantly two days before lung metastasis nodules appeared. Differential urinary proteins differed in Walker-256 lung metastasis rat models and Walker-256 subcutaneous rat models. A total of 9 differential proteins (NHRF1, CLIC1, EZRI, AMPN, ACY1A, HSP7C, BTD, NID2, and CFAD) were identified in 7 lung metastatic rats at one or more common time points, and these 9 differential proteins were not identified in the subcutaneous rat model. Seven of these 9 differential proteins were associated with both breast cancer and lung cancer, eight of the nine were identified on the second day, and 8 of the nine can be identified on the fourth day; these early changes in urine were also identified with differential abundances at late stages of lung metastasis. Our results indicate that (1) the urine proteome changed significantly, even on the second day after tail-vein injection of Walker-256 cells and that (2) the urinary differential proteins were different in Walker-256 lung metastatic tumors and Walker-256 subcutaneous tumors. Our results provide the potential to detect early breast cancer lung metastasis, monitor its progression and differentiate it from the same cancer cells grown at other locations.

scholarly journals Sensors for the detection of ammonia as a potential biomarker for health screening

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter P. Ricci ◽  
Otto J. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
H Pylori

AbstractThe presence of ammonia within the body has long been linked to complications stemming from the liver, kidneys, and stomach. These complications can be the result of serious conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), peptic ulcers, and recently COVID-19. Limited liver and kidney function leads to increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) within the body resulting in elevated levels of ammonia in the mouth, nose, and skin. Similarly, peptic ulcers, commonly from H. pylori, result in ammonia production from urea within the stomach. The presence of these biomarkers enables a potential screening protocol to be considered for frequent, non-invasive monitoring of these conditions. Unfortunately, detection of ammonia in these mediums is rather challenging due to relatively small concentrations and an abundance of interferents. Currently, there are no options available for non-invasive screening of these conditions continuously and in real-time. Here we demonstrate the selective detection of ammonia using a vapor phase thermodynamic sensing platform capable of being employed as part of a health screening protocol. The results show that our detection system has the remarkable ability to selectively detect trace levels of ammonia in the vapor phase using a single catalyst. Additionally, detection was demonstrated in the presence of interferents such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and acetone common in human breath. These results show that our thermodynamic sensors are well suited to selectively detect ammonia at levels that could potentially be useful for health screening applications.

scholarly journals Water ingestion during swimming activities in a pool: A pilot study

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred P. Dufour ◽  
Otis Evans ◽  
Thomas D. Behymer ◽  
Ricardo Cantú
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cyanuric Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Urinary Proteins ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

Chloroisocyanurates are commonly added to outdoor swimming pools to stabilize chlorine disinfectants. The chloroisocyanurates decompose slowly to release chlorine and cyanuric acid. Studies conducted to determine if the chloroisocyanurates might be toxic to swimmers showed that they were not and that ingested cyanuric acid passed through the body unmetabolized. This fact was used to determine the amount of water swallowed during swimming activity. Fifty-three recreational swimmers, using a community swimming pool disinfected with cyanuric acid stabilized chlorine, participated in the study. The participants did not swim on the day before or after the test swim. The swimmers were asked to actively swim for at least 45 minutes and to collect their urine for the next 24 hours. Cyanuric acid was measured in pool water using high performance liquid chromatography and porous graphitic carbon columns with UV detection. The urine sample assay required a clean-up procedure to remove urinary proteins and interfering substances. Results of the study indicate that non-adults ingest about twice as much water as adults during swimming activity. The average amount of water swallowed by non-adults and adults was 37 ml and 16 ml, respectively. The design for this study and the analytical methodology used to assay cyanuric acid in swimming pool water and human urine were effective for measuring the volume of water swallowed during swimming activity.

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