scholarly journals CD86+/CD206+ tumor-associated macrophages predict prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalong Sun ◽  
Tiancheng Luo ◽  
Pingping Dong ◽  
Ningping Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Tissue Microarrays ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽  
Increased Risk

Background As the main cellular ingredients of tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a vital role in tumor development and progression. Recent studies have suggested that TAMs are sensitive and specific prognostic factors in numerous cancers. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the prognostic significance of TAMs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods Immunohistochemical staining of CD68, CD86 and CD206 were performed in tissue microarrays containing 322 patients, who underwent surgical resection and were pathologically diagnosed with ICC. The prognostic value of CD68, CD86 and CD206 were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis (log-rank test) and nomogram models. Results We demonstrated that the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model was an independent prognostic index for ICC patients. Patients with low CD86+ TAMs and high CD206+ TAMs infiltration had a markedly worse prognosis and increased risk of post-operative recurrence when compared to high CD86+ TAMs and low CD206+ TAMs intratumoral infiltration. Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model predicted prognosis of ICC patients more powerfully than single macrophage immunomarker. Interestingly, the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model could further distinguish prognosis of CA-199 negative ICC patients, who were generally presumed to have a more favorable outcome. In order to further perfect the prognostic value of the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model, we constructed and validated a postoperative nomogram to predict overall survival and recurrence-free survival time in ICC patients. Conclusions These findings indicate that the CD86+/CD206+ TAMs model possess potential value as a novel prognostic indicator for ICC patients.

scholarly journals The prognostic impact of lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein score in patients undergoing surgical resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A comparative study of major representative inflammatory / immunonutritional markers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245946
Author(s):  
Daisuke Noguchi ◽  
Naohisa Kuriyama ◽  
Yuki Nakagawa ◽  
Koki Maeda ◽  
Toru Shinkai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Prognostic Utility

Background In many malignancies including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), prognostic significance of host-related inflammatory / immunonutritional markers have attracted a lot of attention. However, it is unclear which is the strongest prognostic indicator for iCCA among these markers. The aim of this study was to firstly evaluate the prognostic utility of inflammatory / immunonutritional markers in resected iCCA patients using a multiple comparison in addition to a new marker, lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein (CRP) score. Methods A total of sixty iCCA patients, who underwent surgical resection between October 2004 and April 2019, were enrolled in this study. Their clinical and pathological data were retrospectively assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis to determine prognostic predictors for disease specific survival (DSS). Moreover, these patients, who were divided into high and low groups based on lymphocyte-to-CRP score, were compared these survival outcomes using Kaplan-Meier analysis with a log-rank test. Results In multivariate analysis, the significant prognostic factors were preoperative lymphocyte-to-CRP score (p = 0.008), preoperative CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR; p = 0.017), pathological T category (p = 0.003), and pathological vascular invasion (p < 0.001). Resected iCCA patients with a low lymphocyte-to-CRP score (score 0) had significant better prognosis than patients with a high score (score 1 or 2) (p = 0.016). Notably, the mortality of the high lymphocyte-to-CRP score group did not show statistically difference from the poor mortality of unresected iCCA patients (p = 0.204). Conclusions Preoperative lymphocyte-to-CRP score was the strongest prognostic indicator in iCCA patients with surgical resection. In these patients, early intervention with nutritional support should be considered prior to operation.

scholarly journals The prognostic significance of inflammation-based scores in patients with ampullary carcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxin Sun ◽  
Chaobin He ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Jiali Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Prognostic Nutritional Index ◽  
Significant Prognostic Factor ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Survival Differences

Abstract Background Growing evidence indicates that systemic inflammatory response plays an important role in cancer development and progression. Several inflammatory markers have been reported to be associated with the clinical outcomes in patients with various types of cancer. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of the inflammatory indexes in patients suffering from ampullary cancer (AC) who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods We retrospectively reviewed a database of 358 patients with AC who underwent PD between 2009 and 2018. R software was used to compare the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUROCs) of the inflammation-based indexes, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and prognostic index (PI), in terms of their predictive value of survival. The survival differences of these indexes were compared by Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors of progress-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results The estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS and PFS rates were 83.9%, 65.8%, 55.2% and 58.0%, 42.8%, 37.8%, respectively, for the entire cohort. The survival differences were significant in terms of OS and PFS when they were stratified by these inflammation-based indexes. The comparisons of AUROCs of these inflammation-based indexes illustrated that NLR and PI displayed highest prognostic value, compared to other indexes. When NLR and PI were combined, NLR-PI showed even higher AUROC values and was identified as a significant prognostic factor in terms of OS and PFS. Conclusion Specific inflammatory indexes, such as NLR, PLR and PI, were found to be able to predict the OS or PFS of patients. As a novel inflammatory index, the level of NLR-PI, which can be regarded as a more useful prognostic index, exhibited strong predictive power for predicting prognosis of patients with AC after PD procedure.

Prognostic value of lemur tyrosine kinase-3 (LMTK3) polymorphism in Japanese (J) patients (PTS) with localized gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4088-4088
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Barzi ◽  
Takeru Wakatsuki ◽  
Wu Zhang ◽  
Dongyun Yang ◽  
Fotios Loupakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Direct Dna Sequencing ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

4088 Background: LMTK3 is an estrogen receptor α (ERα) regulator. Recent studies show that [rs808419(r8) and rs9989661(r9)] and LMTK3 expression are prognostic in breast and colon cancers. Our group demonstrated that r9AA is associated with shorter time to recurrence in Caucasian(C) and Hispanic(H) females(F) with GAC. We investigated the significance of LMTK3 polymorphism in J PTS with GAC. Methods: Blood or tissue samples of 169 J PTS who had surgery with/without adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted using the QIAmp kit; all samples were analyzed using PCR-based direct DNA-sequencing. The endpoints of the study were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were used for univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed to test the interaction between polymorphism and gender adjusting for other variables. Results: 60 F and 109 males were enrolled in this study, 17% stage(s) IB, 31% s II, 36% s III, 17% s IV (AJCC-6). The median age was 67(31-88). 65% of PTS received S-1 based ACT. Median follow-up was 4 years(ys). Prognosis was worse in men with r9 AA than AG/GG, at 1 year 67% (95% CI 40-83%) with AA vs 99% (95% CI 91-99%) of AG/GG were alive (p= 0.039). Median survival was not reached in the AG/GG group; in the AA group median DFS and OS was 1yr (p= 0.03) and 2ys (p= 0.039) respectively. In the multivariate analysis adjusting for s, age, and ACT, males carrying AA had increased risk of disease recurrence (HR 3.84 95%CI 1.86-7.92, p< 0.001) and dying (HR 3.47 95%CI 1.58-7.62 p=0.002) compared to those with AG/GG (HR=1, reference). Conclusions: r9 AA was associated with significantly worse DFS and OS in J male with GAC. These results confirm our previous findings that LMTK3 is an independent prognostic factor for localized GAC; interestingly the relationship between gender and prognostic significance is the opposite in J vs. C/H. The gender disparity can be due to the differences in the etiology (histological subtypes), management strategies, allele frequency, and degree of estrogen exposure in the two populations. Additional studies are warranted to identify the underlying biological mechanism.

Age as a potential new prognostic indicator in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19034-e19034
Author(s):  
Poorvi Kirit Desai ◽  
Magali Van den Bergh ◽  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Hailing Zhang ◽  
Braydon Schaible ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
International Prognostic Index ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Significant Difference

e19034 Background: PCBCL is a group of rare lymphoproliferative disorders, with an estimated annual incidence of 2.5 per 1,000,000 persons. Indolent subtypes include Primary Cutaneous Marginal Zone Lymphoma (PCMZL) and Primary Cutaneous Follicular Center Lymphoma (PCFCL). Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (PCDLBCL) is an aggressive subtype with a fatality rate of 50%. The Cutaneous Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (CLIPI) can risk-stratify indolent subtypes, but age is not considered. Here we present our single-institutional analysis of clinicopathologic features and outcomes of patients with PCBCL. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients evaluated at Moffitt Cancer Center between 01/1990 and 12/2016. Patients were identified using our PCBCL database and diagnosis was verified by independent hematopathologists and dermatopathologists. Staging was determined by ISCL/EORTC criteria. Demographics, subtype, stage, disease course, and CLIPI scores were collected. Continuous and categorical values were tested using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA method and Fisher’s Exact Test, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves were produced to determine PFS. Results: We identified 37 patients who met diagnostic criteria for PCBCL (35% PCFCL, 40.5% PCMZL, 13.5% PCDLBCL, and 11% indolent, unspecified). Male:female ratio was 2.4:1. 51% of patients were ≥ 60 years old (yo), and 49% were < 60 yo. 54% had stage T1 disease, 27% T2, and 19% T3. Median PFS for patients <60 was 1.1 years, but was not reached for those ≥60. Mean follow-up time was 2.6 years for all patients. Log-rank test showed a statistically significant difference in PFS between the two age groups (p=0.01). PFS for stage of indolent subtypes showed marginal significance (p <0.06). CLIPI for indolent subtypes did not show a significant difference in PFS. Conclusions: We found that age is a highly statistically significant prognostic parameter in PCBCL, as patients ≥ 60 yo had a longer PFS compared to younger patients, even after adjusting for stage and CLIPI. These results are promising for age as a possible prognostic indicator for PCBCL, but validation is needed with a larger sample size.

Prospective Multicenter Validation Confirms the Prognostic Superiority of the Endometrial Carcinoma Prognostic Index in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage 1 and 2 Endometrial Carcinoma

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 4214-4221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan P.A. Baak ◽  
Wim Snijders ◽  
Bianca van Diermen ◽  
Paul J. van Diest ◽  
Fred W. Diepenhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Dna Ploidy ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Endometrial Carcinomas

Purpose: To validate the prognostic value of the endometrial carcinoma prognostic index (ECPI; combined myometrium invasion, flow cytometric DNA ploidy, and morphometric mean shortest nuclear axis [MSNA]) versus classic prognosticators. Patients and Methods: Prospective multicenter ECPI analysis was conducted in 463 endometrial carcinomas with a median of 6.5 years (range, 1 to 10 years) follow-up, review of pathology features, and univariate (Kaplan-Meier) and multivariate (Cox) analyses. Results: Initial routine and review diagnoses varied considerably (invasion depth, 11%; type, 20%; grade, 34%; vessel invasion, 72%); the review diagnoses were stronger prognostically. In International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage 1 (after histopathologic examination; pFIGO-1; n = 372; 38 deaths occurred as a result of disease [10.2%]), DNA ploidy was prognostic in hysterectomies (P < .00001) but not in curettages (P = .06). ECPI was a stronger prognostic indicator than other features. ECPI, MSNA, and DNA ploidy were also prognostic in pFIGO-1B and -1C subgroups. Multivariate analysis in pFIGO-1 showed that uterine MSNA ≤ versus > 7.93 μm (hazard ratio [HR], 3.4) and grade (as 1 + 2 v 3; HR, 2.6) added to the ECPI (HR, 32), but only in patients with an unfavorable ECPI of > 0.87. Adjuvant radiotherapy was not an independent prognostic factor in any of the subgroups. In pFIGO-2 (n = 46), ECPI, DNA-ploidy, and age (≤ 64, > 64 years) were significant. In FIGO-3 (n = 31) and FIGO-4 (n = 14), none of the classic or other features analyzed was of prognostic value, which explains why in previous studies using different mixtures of FIGO stages, DNA ploidy prognostic results varied. Conclusion: In endometrial carcinoma, DNA-ploidy is prognostic in hysterectomy and not in curettage samples. The ECPI is prognostically much stronger than the classic features widely used for therapy triage in pFIGO-1 and -2.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of 25‑Hydroxy Vitamin D in Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Mao ◽  
Hua Yin ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Jia-Zhu Wu ◽  
Yi Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
Nk T Cell

Abstract Background 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25-(OH)D] is widely used to determine vitamin D status in clinic. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of 25-(OH)D in extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (ENKTL). Materials and Methods Ninety-three ENKTL patients with available serum 25-(OH)D values were enrolled in our study. Vitamin D deficiency is defined as a 25-(OH)D below 50 nmol/L. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine independent risk factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Subgroup analyses were performed to determine the applicable subgroups. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to estimate the accuracy of PINK-E (prognostic index of natural killer lymphoma added with Epstein-Barr virus-DNA status) and 25-(OH)D deficiency in ENKTL risk-stratification. Results Our results suggested that vitamin D deficiency was an independent inferior prognostic factor for both PFS [hazard ratio (HR), 2.869; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.540 to 5.346; P = 0.003] and OS (HR, 3.204; 95%CI, 1.559 to 6.583; P = 0.006) in ENKTL patients with age ≤ 60, ECOG PS ≤ 1, stage III‒IV and PINK-E score ≥ 3. Additionally, we demonstrated that adding 25-(OH)D deficiency to PINK-E score system indeed has a superior prognostic significance than PINK-E alone for PFS [AUC: 0.796 (95% CI: 0.699 to 0.872) vs. 0.759 (95% CI: 0.659 to 0.841), P = 0.020] and OS [AUC: 0.755 (95% CI: 0.655 to 0.838) vs. 0.721 (95% CI: 0.618 to 0.809), P = 0.040]. Conclusion In conclusion, our study proved that 25-(OH)D deficiency was associated with inferior survival outcomes of ENKTL patients.

scholarly journals Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy as a Useful Prognostic Indicator

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Ping Bai ◽  
Xiangyi Kong ◽  
Shaolong Huang ◽  
Zhongzhao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Prognostic Nutritional Index ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
The Mean

ObjectivePrognostic nutritional index (PNI), calculated as serum albumin (ALB) (g/L) + 5 × total lymphocyte count (109/L), is initially used to evaluate nutritional status in patients undergoing surgery and may evaluate the therapeutic effects and predict the survival of various solid tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential prognostic significance of PNI in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).MethodsA total of 785 breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this retrospective study. The optimal cutoff value of PNI by receiver operating characteristic curve stratified patients into a low-PNI group (&lt;51) and a high PNI group (≥51). The associations between breast cancer and clinicopathological variables by PNI were determined by chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Kaplan–Meier plots and log-rank test were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). The prognostic value of PNI was analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. The toxicity of NACT was accessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC).ResultsThe results indicated that PNI had prognostic significance by an optimal cutoff value of 51 on DFS and OS in univariate and multivariate Cox regression survival analyses. Breast cancer patients with a high PNI value had longer DFS and OS than those with a low PNI value [47.64 vs. 36.60 months, P &lt; 0.0001, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.264, 95%CI = 0.160–0.435; 73.61 vs. 64.97 months, P &lt; 0.0001, HR = 0.319, 95%CI = 0.207–0.491, respectively]. Furthermore, the results indicated that patients with high PNI had longer DFS and OS than those with low PNI in early stage and advanced breast cancer, especially in advanced breast cancer. The mean DFS and OS times for breast cancer patients with high PNI by the log-rank test were longer than in those with low PNI in different molecular subtypes. Moreover, the mean DFS and OS times in patients with high PNI by the log-rank test were longer than in those patients with low PNI without or with lymph vessel invasion. The common toxicities after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were hematologic and gastrointestinal reaction, and the PNI had no significance on the toxicities of all enrolled patients, except in anemia, leukopenia, and myelosuppression.ConclusionPretreatment PNI with the advantages of being convenient, noninvasive, and reproducible was a useful prognostic indicator for breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and is a promising biomarker for breast cancer on treatment strategy decisions.

scholarly journals The prognostic significance of inflammation-based scores in patients with ampullary carcinoma after pancreaticoduodenectomy

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxin Sun ◽  
Chaobin He ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Jiali Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Prognostic Score ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Glasgow Prognostic Score ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Significant Prognostic Factor ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Survival Differences

Abstract Background Growing evidence indicates that the systemic inflammatory response plays an important role in cancer development and progression. Several inflammatory markers have been reported to be associated with clinical outcomes in patients with various types of cancer. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic value of inflammatory indexes in patients with ampullary cancer (AC) who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 358 patients with AC who underwent PD between 2009 and 2018. R software was used to compare the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUROCs) of the inflammation-based indexes, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and prognostic index (PI), in terms of their predictive value for survival. The survival differences of these indexes were compared by the Kaplan-Meier method and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic factors of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results The estimated 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS and DFS rates were 83.9, 65.8, and 55.2% and 58.0, 42.8, and 37.8%, respectively, for the entire cohort. The survival differences were significant in terms of OS and DFS when patients were stratified by these inflammation-based indexes. The comparisons of the AUROCs of these inflammation-based indexes illustrated that NLR and PI displayed the highest prognostic value, compared to the other indexes. When NLR and PI were combined, NLR-PI showed even higher AUROC values and was identified as a significant prognostic factor for OS and DFS. Conclusion Specific inflammatory indexes, such as NLR, PLR and dNLR, were found to be able to predict the OS or DFS of patients. As a novel inflammatory index, the level of NLR-PI, which can be regarded as a more useful prognostic index, exhibited strong predictive power for predicting the prognosis of patients with AC after the PD procedure.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of Multiple Reverse Transcription-PCR Tyrosinase Testing for Circulating Neoplastic Cells in Malignant Melanoma

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1450-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Szenajch ◽  
Bogdan Jasiński ◽  
Agnieszka Synowiec ◽  
Jadwiga Kulik ◽  
Małgorzata Chomicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: The reverse transcription-PCR tyrosinase assay (TYR test) cannot reliably detect malignant melanoma (MM) cells in blood as the cells often circulate at low concentrations. We evaluated the prognostic value of multiple TYR testing, the prognostic significance of individual positive TYR test results (TYR+) in asymptomatic melanoma patients, and whether statistical analysis could help in the interpretation of results of a test that measures phenomena that typically occur below its detection threshold. Methods: MM patients in stages I-IV (n = 150) underwent multiple testing with the TYR test during the course of their disease. TYR testing was performed as described by Smith et al. (Lancet 1991;38:1227–9). Statistical analyses were performed with the logistic function and t-test procedures. Results: The relationship between MM stage and the frequency of TYR+ was statistically significant (P = 0.011). Higher frequency of TYR+ in clinically asymptomatic patients after complete resection of the primary tumor was associated with an increased risk of recurrence of MM (prognostic sensitivity, 62%; specificity, 78%). Conclusions: A single positive TYR test provides a warning for disease relapse, suggesting that multiple TYR testing might provide more reliable predictions of disease progression. Multiple testing and statistical analysis using a logistic function might allow for the interpretation of apparently inconsistent results of tests for very rare cells.

Prognostic Value of the Albumin-to-Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio before Chemoradiotherapy in Patients with Nonmetastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chemotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Liping Yang ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Zhenchao Tao ◽  
Jian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Optimal Cutoff ◽  
Free Survival

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) in patients with nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: Patients with nonmetastatic NPC who underwent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were retrospectively analyzed. The AAPR was calculated using the last value of albumin to alkaline phosphatase that was measured within 1 week before CRT. The optimal cutoff value for the AAPR value was determined by an X-tile plot. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the differences of the baseline characteristics. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to calculate the survival. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was conducted for the multivariate analysis. Results: Totally, 87 patients with nonmetastatic NPC who underwent CRT were included in the analysis. The optimal cutoff level for the AAPR was 0.46. The group with an AAPR ≤0.46 was more likely to have poorer overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (p = 0.023, p = 0.031 and p = 0.027, for OS, PFS, and DMFS, respectively). In Cox proportional hazards analysis, high AAPR was a better prognostic predictor. Conclusion: AAPR may be a reliable prognostic index for nonmetastatic NPC patients.

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