scholarly journals Notes on vocalizations of Brazilian amphibians IV: advertisement calls of 20 Atlantic Forest frog species

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Rodriguez Forti ◽  
Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad ◽  
Felipe Leite ◽  
Leandro de Oliveira Drummond ◽  
Clodoaldo de Assis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Acoustic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Species Taxonomy

Bioacoustics is a powerful tool used for anuran species diagnoses, given that advertisement calls are signals related to specific recognition and mate attraction. Thus, call descriptions can support species taxonomy. In spite of that, call descriptions are lacking for many species, delaying advances in biodiversity research. Here, we describe the advertisement calls of 20 anuran species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We accessed 50 digital recordings deposited in the Fonoteca Neotropical Jacques Vielliard. Acoustic analyses were carried out in the software Raven pro 1.5. We provide a general comparison of call structure among species inside taxonomic groups and genera. The vocalizations described here belong to poorly known species, which are representatives of six families: Brachycephalidae, Bufonidae, Ceratophryidae, Cycloramphidae, Hylidae, and Phyllomedusidae. Despite this, still there are 163 species of anurans from Atlantic Forest with calls not formally described. Our work represents an important step in providing data for a taxonomic perspective and improving the knowledge of the Atlantic Forest anuran diversity.

scholarly journals Habitat fragmentation in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is associated with erosion of frog immunogenetic diversity and increased fungal infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Belasen ◽  
Kevin Amses ◽  
Rebecca Clemons ◽  
Guilherme Becker ◽  
Felipe Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Mhc Iib

Habitat fragmentation and infectious disease threaten amphibians globally, but little is known about how these two threats interact. In this study, we examined the effects of Brazilian Atlantic Forest habitat fragmentation on frog genetic diversity at an immune locus known to affect disease susceptibility in amphibians, the MHC IIB locus. We used a custom high-throughput assay to sequence the MHC IIB locus across six focal frog species in two regions of the Atlantic Forest. We also used a molecular assay to quantify infections by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). We found that habitat fragmentation is associated with genetic erosion at the MHC IIB locus, and that this erosion is most severe in frog species restricted to intact forests. Significant Bd infections were recovered only in one Atlantic Forest region, potentially due to the relatively higher elevation. In this region, forest specialists showed an increase in both Bd prevalence and loads in fragmented habitats. We also found that reduced population-level MHC IIB diversity was associated with increased Bd infection risk. On the individual-level, MHC IIB heterozygotes (by allelic genotype as well as supertype) exhibited a reduced risk of Bd infection. Our results suggest that habitat fragmentation increases infection susceptibility in amphibians, mediated at least in part through loss of immunogenetic diversity. Our findings have implications for the conservation of fragmented populations in the face of emerging infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Genetic, but Not Behavioral, Evidence Supports the Distinctiveness of the Mealy Amazon Parrot in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
Dominique L. Hellmich ◽  
Andre B. S. Saidenberg ◽  
Timothy F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Contact Call ◽  
Call Structure ◽  
Full Species ◽  
Conservation And Management

The presence of unidentified cryptic species within a species complex can obscure demographic trends of vulnerable species, impacting potential species conservation and management decisions. Previous work identified a taxonomic split between Central and South American populations of the mealy amazon (Amazona farinosa) that subsequently resulted in the elevation of these two populations to full species status (Amazona guatemalae and A. farinosa, respectively). In that study, however, a third, geographically disjunct population from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest was insufficiently sampled, limiting the ability of researchers to fully evaluate its genetic distinctiveness. Given that significant levels of biodiversity and endemism are found in this region, we aimed to use genetic and behavioral data to determine if the Atlantic Forest population of A. f. farinosa represents a third cryptic species within the complex. We sequenced 6 genes (4 mitochondrial and 2 nuclear introns) from the Atlantic Forest population of A. f. farinosa to measure the genetic relationships between this population and all other recognized species and subspecies of the mealy amazon. In addition, we use spectrographic cross-correlation and an analysis of 29 acoustic parameters to determine whether the taxa diverge in their learned contact call structure and if the degree of vocal differentiation correlates to genetic structure. We found that the Atlantic Forest population of A. f. farinosa was genetically distinct from that of the greater Amazon basin, but the degree of differentiation was less than that separating the Central and South American taxa. Acoustic analysis revealed substantial variation in contact call structure within each clade. This variation created substantial overlap in acoustic space between the clades. In all, the degree of call divergence between clades did not correspond to the degree of genetic divergence between the same clades. The results suggest that in taxa with substantial geographic variation in learned calls, such as the mealy amazon, vocalizations may not be a useful tool in the identification of cryptic species that are lifelong vocal learners. While these results do not support the elevation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest population of the mealy amazon to full species status, given current trends of habitat loss in the Atlantic Forest as well as the imperiled status of large parrot species globally, we argue that this population nonetheless warrants special conservation and management consideration as a pool of unique genetic diversity within the southern mealy amazon species.

Rediscovering Rhipsalis hoelleri (Cactaceae), a Critically Endangered species from Brazilian Atlantic Forest 

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 498 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
WEVERSON CAVALCANTE CARDOSO ◽  
RAQUEL NEGRÃO ◽  
VALQUÍRIA FERREIRA DUTRA ◽  
CASSIA MÔNICA SAKURAGUI
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Vascular Epiphytes ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Center Of Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Epiphyte Species ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Vascular Epiphyte

Rhipsalis Gaertner (1788: 138) belongs to Cactaceae Juss., which is among the major taxonomic groups including the highest numbers of threatened species in the world (Goettsch et al. 2015). The center of diversity and endemism of this genus is in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil, a world hotspot of biodiversity (Myers et al. 2000). This forests harbors 5% of all flowering plants species on the planet (Stehmann et al. 2009), including a high diversity of vascular epiphytes. Cactaceae is the sixth most expressive family in terms of number of epiphytes in the Atlantic Forest (2.2% of all vascular epiphyte species at the domain; Freitas et al. 2016) and Rhipsalis is the largest genus of epiphytic cacti (40 species according to Calvente 2012), highlighting the importance of this genus amongst the global epiphytic flora.

scholarly journals Local extinction of Scinax caldarum, a treefrog in Brazil’s Atlantic forest

2019 ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
Lucas Ferrante
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Environmental Certification ◽  
Frog Species ◽  
Main Factor

Here we report the local extinction of Scinax caldarum, an endemic tree frog species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We also report a reduction of the geographic range of this species to less than 15 % of the area in which it occurred 27 years earlier. We consider the excessive use of agrochemicals to be the main factor explaining the decline, including in farms with environmental certification. The local extinction of S. caldarum is a bioindicator of the severe impact of crops such as coffee and sugar cane, which heavily rely on agrochemicals. Stricter regulation of pesticides is needed to avoid damage to ecosystems and loss of biodiversity.

Further notes on the taxonomy of four species of Physalaemus (Anura, Leiuperidae) from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2266 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARIOVALDO A. GIARETTA ◽  
LUCAS B. MARTINS ◽  
MARCELA P. DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
First Time

We analyzed the advertisement calls of four species of Physalaemus (P. olfersii, P. moreirae, P. bokermanni, and P. jordanensis) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The tadpole of P. olfersii is described for the first time. Calls of all species are composed by just one kind of note. Those of P. olfersii are long (4035 ms), pseudo-pulsed, with dominant frequency around 2375 Hz; 7–10 sidebands are well distinguishable. The calls of P. moreirae are pulsed, with duration about 604 ms, mean dominant frequency around 1369 Hz and 3–5 sidebands. Physalaemus bokermanni has a call structurally different from the other species by the absence of sidebands or harmonics, larger inter-pulse breaks (around 34–42 ms) and a wider frequency range (around 3700 Hz). Calls of P. jordanensis are pulsed and have 7–8 harmonics, last about 1068 ms and dominant frequency around 2742 Hz. Physalaemus olfersii tadpoles show typical features of other Physalaemus larvae, measuring about 19 mm in total length. Our data on call of P. olfersii suggest that a broader taxonomic survey would be worthwhile by revealing that different species are included under this name. Calls of P. moreirae and P. bokermanni, in general, are in agreement with those previously described from other sites, but complementary features are given. Those of Physalaemus jordanensis show some differences in relation to the calls from the type locality, but additional data are still necessary for a taxonomic conclusion.

The centipede genus Otostigmus Porat in Brazil: Description of three new species from the Atlantic Forest; a summary and an identification key to the Brazilian species of this genus (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae, Otostigminae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3280 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMAZONAS CHAGAS-JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
The State ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Distribution

Three new species of Otostigmus Porat, 1876 from Brazilian Atlantic Forest are described. Otostigmus beckeri sp. n. andO. lanceolatus sp. n. are described from the state of Bahia and O. giupponii sp. n. from the state of Espírito Santo. InBrazil, the otostigmine scolopendrid genus Otostigmus comprises 22 species. A summary of Brazilian Otostigmus speciesis presented with new distribution records, taxonomic remarks when appropriate and an identification key. Otostigmus sul-catus Meinert, 1886 is recorded for the first time from Brazil; the Andean Otostigmus silvestrii Kraepelin 1903, previouslyrecorded from Brazil, is here considered not to be present in this country. Eight nominal species are regarded here as newsynonyms. Five of them—Otostigmus pradoi Bücherl, 1939, O. longistigma Bücherl, 1939, O. longipes Bücherl, 1939,O. langei Bücherl, 1946 and O. dentifusus Bücherl, 1946—are based on females of O. tibialis Brölemann, 1902. O. latipesBücherl, 1954 is conspecific with and is considered a junior synonym of O. sulcatus Meinert, 1886; O. limbatus diminutusBücherl, 1946 is a junior synonym of O. limbatus Meinert, 1886 and O. fossulatus Attems, 1928 is a junior synonym of O. goeldii Brölemann, 1898. A lectotype is designated for O. goeldii.

scholarly journals Hide-and-Seek with Tiny Neotenic Beetles in One of the Hottest Biodiversity Hotspots: Towards an Understanding of the Real Diversity of Jurasaidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Gabriel Biffi ◽  
Simone Policena Rosa ◽  
Robin Kundrata
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspots ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
First Time

Jurasaidae are a family of neotenic elateroid beetles which was described recently from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot based on three species in two genera. All life stages live in the soil, including the larviform females, and only adult males are able to fly. Here, we report the discovery of two new species, Jurasai miraculum sp. nov. and J. vanini sp. nov., and a new, morphologically remarkable population of J. digitusdei Rosa et al., 2020. Our discovery sheds further light on the diversity and biogeography of the group. Most species of Jurasaidae are known from the rainforest remnants of the Atlantic Forest, but here for the first time we report a jurasaid species from the relatively drier Atlantic Forest/Caatinga transitional zone. Considering our recent findings, minute body size and cryptic lifestyle of all jurasaids, together with potentially high numbers of yet undescribed species of this family from the Atlantic Forest and possibly also other surrounding ecoregions, we call for both field research in potentially suitable localities as well as for a detailed investigation of a massive amount of already collected but still unprocessed materials deposited in a number of Brazilian institutes, laboratories and collections.

Sharing sound: Avian acoustic niches in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Biotropica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Kleyn ◽  
Mariane Cruz Kaizer ◽  
Luiza F. Passos
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Vegetation trends in a protected area of the Brazilian Atlantic forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 106180
Author(s):  
Rosane Gomes da Silva ◽  
Alexandre Rosa dos Santos ◽  
João Batista Esteves Pelúzio ◽  
Nilton César Fiedler ◽  
Ronie Silva Juvanhol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest
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