scholarly journals The effect of elevational gradient on alpine gingers (Roscoea alpina and R. purpurea) in the Himalayas

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babu Ram Paudel ◽  
Adrian G. Dyer ◽  
Jair E. Garcia ◽  
Mani Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
Vertical Transect

There is currently enormous interest in how morphological and physiological responses of herbaceous plants may be affected by changing elevational gradient. Mountain regions provide an excellent opportunity to understand how closely related species may adapt to the conditions that rapidly change with elevation. We investigated the morphological and physiological responses of two Himalayan alpine gingers (Roscoea alpina and R. purpurea) along two different vertical transects of 400 m, R. purpurea between 2,174–2,574 m a.s.l and R. alpina between 2,675–3,079 m a.s.l. We measured the variables of plant height, leaf length, leaf area, specific leaf area, and stomata density at five plots, along the vertical transect at an elevational gap of ca. 100 m. Results revealed that with increased elevation plant height, and leaf area decreased while stomata density increased, whereas changes in specific leaf area, were not correlated with the elevation. Our results reveal that these alpine gingers undergo local adaptation by modifying their plant height, leaf area and stomata density in response to the varying selection pressure associated with the elevational gradient. Thus, the findings of this research provide valuable information on how a narrow range of elevational gradient affects the herbaceous plants at the alpine habitat of the Himalayas.

Morphology of young sugarcane stalks produced at different stages of crop development

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Salter ◽  
G. D. Bonnett ◽  
R. J. Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Breadth Ratio ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Plant Crop

Sugarcane suckers are tillers that appear late in crop development. They dilute the sucrose content of the harvested cane at the mill, reducing grower profitability. Suckers appear to have different morphology from other sugarcane stalks. Experiments were established to quantify some of these morphological differences, to determine whether these differences were conserved across a vegetatively propagated generation, and to investigate the influence of the mature stalk to which the sucker is attached on sucker morphology. Experiments were established in northern Queensland, Australia, using cvv. Q117, Q138, and Q152 to compare suckers with young primary stalks in a plant crop and/or young ratoon stalks. Leaf lamina length, breadth, area, height to last fully expanded leaf, internode diameter, and growth measurements were taken. Suckers had broader leaves, resulting in a smaller leaf length/breadth ratio, longer leaf sheaths, and lower specific leaf area at least for the first 3 leaves. Sucker stalks were thicker than normal stalks. Sucker growth was highly variable, but some were able to outgrow young primary stalks in a plant crop. When mature stalks, to which suckers were attached, were removed, the leaves produced by suckers were more similar to leaves on normal stalks with larger length/breadth ratio. The morphological differences were not carried over into plants arising from the buds on suckers. Although the reasons for these morphological differences are unknown, it is likely that the transfer of some factor(s) from the stalks to which suckers are attached, and/or an altered light environment within the canopy, may contribute to the morphology of sucker shoots.

scholarly journals Correlation and path coefficient studies of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
KK Paul ◽  
MA Bari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Positive Direct

Plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf number, leaf area index, corm length, corm breadth, corm weight, sucker number exhibited positive correlation with yield per plant in both genotypic and phenotypic level in cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium). Path coefficient analysis revealed that leaf length, leaf number, corm length exhibited direct influences to yield per plant. In genotypic level yield per plant showed the highest positive direct effect with corm length followed by cormel breadth, sucker number.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(1), 47-52, 2015

scholarly journals Feasibility in Estimating the Dry Leaf Mass and Specific Leaf Area of 50 Bamboo Species Based on Nondestructive Measurements

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1554
Author(s):  
Yongjin Du ◽  
Weiliang Fan ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Mengxiang Zheng ◽  
Leixin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Nondestructive Measurements

Specific leaf area (SLA) is a good predictor of aboveground net primary productivity. However, the SLA of bamboo species is generally estimated on the basis of destructive measurements rather than the cost-effective and recyclable nondestructive measurements using easily accessible leaf traits such as leaf length (L) and width (W). Considering the strong empirical relationships between leaf area (LA) and leaf structural parameters of bamboo species that were developed by previous studies, this study explores the feasibility of estimating the leaf dry mass (LDM) and SLA of 50 bamboo species using L and W. The results show that the Montgomery equation and its similar forms precisely estimated LA of the 50 bamboo species at both leaf scale (R2 > 0.96 and MAE% < 4.67%) and the canopy scale (R2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 0.09); the LDM of the 50 bamboo species could also be estimated using L and W at both leaf scale (R2 > 0.52 and MAE% < 26.35%) and the canopy scale (R2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 0.003), and the estimated mean SLA of each of the 50 bamboo species had good agreement with the measured values (R2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 1.88) because of the precisely estimated mean LA and mean LDM at the canopy scale, indicating the feasibility of estimating SLA of the 50 bamboo species at the canopy scale based on nondestructive measurements. However, the empirical relationships used for mean SLA estimations are not suitable for SLA estimations at the leaf scale because of the uncertainties in the estimated LDM at the leaf scale.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Photon Flux, Photoperiod, and CO2 Concentration Affect Growth and Morphology of Lettuce Plug Transplants

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 988-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kitaya ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Toyoki Kozai ◽  
Maki Ohashi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Four Levels

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Summer-green) plug transplants were grown for 3 weeks under 16 combinations of four levels (100, 150, 200, and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1) of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), two photoperiods (16 and 24 h), and two levels of CO2 (400 and 800 μmol·mol-1) in growth chambers maintained at an air temperature of 20 ±2 °C. As PPF increased, dry mass (DM), percent DM, and leaf number increased, while ratio of shoot to root dry mass (S/R), ratio of leaf length to leaf width (LL/LW), specific leaf area, and hypocotyl length decreased. At the same PPF, DM was increased by 25% to 100% and 10% to 100% with extended photoperiod and elevated CO2 concentration, respectively. Dry mass, percent DM, and leaf number increased linearly with daily light integral (DLI, the product of PPF and photoperiod), while S/R, specific leaf area, LL/LW and hypocotyl length decreased as DLI increased under each CO2 concentration. Hypocotyl length was influenced by PPF and photoperiod, but not by CO2 concentration. Leaf morphology, which can be reflected by LL/LW, was substantially influenced by PPF at 100 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1, but not at 200 to 300 μmol·m-2·s-1. At the same DLI, the longer photoperiod promoted growth under the low CO2 concentration, but not under the high CO2 concentration. Longer photoperiod and/or higher CO2 concentration compensated for a low PPF.

scholarly journals Growth and Flowering Responses of Cut Chrysanthemum Grown under Restricted Root Volume to Irrigation Frequency

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viyachai Taweesak ◽  
Thohirah Lee Abdullah ◽  
Siti Aishah Hassan ◽  
Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman ◽  
Wan Abdullah Wan Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Root Volume

Influences of irrigation frequency on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum grown under restricted root volume were tested. Chrysanthemum cuttings (Chrysanthemum morifolium“Reagan White”) were grown in seedling tray which contained coconut peat in volumes of 73 and 140 cm3. Plants were irrigated with drip irrigation at irrigation frequencies of 4 (266 mL), 6 (400 mL), and 8 (533 mL) times/day to observe their growth and flowering performances. There was interaction between irrigation frequency and substrate volume on plant height of chrysanthemum. Plants grown in 140 cm3substrates and irrigated 6 times/day produced the tallest plant of 109.25 cm. Plants irrigated 6 and 8 times/day had significantly higher level of phosphorus content in their leaves than those plants irrigated 4 times/day. The total leaf area, number of internodes, leaf length, and leaf width of chrysanthemums grown in 140 cm3substrate were significantly higher than those grown in 73 cm3substrate. The numbers of flowers were affected by both irrigation frequencies and substrate volumes. Chrysanthemums irrigated 8 times/day had an average of 19.56 flowers while those irrigated 4 times/day had an average of 16.63 flowers. Increasing irrigation frequency can improve the growth and flowering of chrysanthemums in small substrate volumes.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT RATES OF ORGANIC AND INORGANINC FERTILIZER ON GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) IN JIMMA ARE, SOUTH WEST ETHIOPIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Amana Mama ◽  
Jemal Jeylan ◽  
AbebeWoldesenbet Aseffa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Potato Leaf

The experiment was conducted under field condition at Jimma University College of Agricultures and Veterinary Medicine (JUCAVM) to determine the Effects of Different Rate of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosumL).The experiment design used was randomized complete block design(RCBD). The experimental treatments were replicated three times. A Potato cultivar ‘Jalene’ was grown combined with Farmyard manure and nitrogen (F0N0), (F20N70), (F0N35),(F0N70), (F20N35), (F20N0) as a treatment.. Data were recorded on Potato leaf area, plant height, leaf length, leaf number, leaf diameter, stem diameter and stem number. The result revealed that the combination of various level of Farmyard manure and nitrogen statistically (p≤0.05) affected leaf area, plant height, leaf length, leaf number, leaf diameter, stem diameter and stem number. The maximum values for leaf area, plant height, leaf length, leaf number, leaf diameter, stem diameter and stem number were recorded from (F0N70, F20N70, F0N70, F20N35, F20N0, F20N70, F20N0) respectively .However The minimum values of all the parameters were recorded from the control treatment (F0 N0). From the study it could be concluded that Potato yield components were greatly affected by different rates of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The appropriate amount of different rates of fertilizers (farmyard manure and nitrogen) should be used to increase Potato growth and yield.

scholarly journals Efecto de bacterias emulsificantes en la atenuación de la fitotoxicidad de suelos contaminados con petróleo intemperizado

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Alarcón ◽  
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato ◽  
María Del Carmen Rivera-Cruz ◽  
Luis Gilberto Torres-Bustillos ◽  
María Remedios Mendoza-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Phytotoxic Effects ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Introduction: Plants and microorganisms have been used as bioindicators to evaluate the toxicity of hydrocarbons in soils. Objective: This study evaluates the toxicity of a chronically-contaminated Gleysol with several concentrations of weathered petroleum hydrocarbons (WPH), collected from La Venta, Tabasco (Mexico), on the growth of Clitoria ternatea and the phytoxicity attenuation due to inoculation of emulsifying bacteria. Methods: Soils with 50 and 150 g WPH kg-1, and control soil with 0.15 g WPH kg-1 (biogenic origin) were utilized, as well as the inoculation of six emulsifying bacteria and their combination (consortium). The WPH-phytotoxicity was evaluated by considering plant height, dry biomass production (root, shoot, and total), leaf area, specific leaf area, and the efficiency of photosystem II (EPSII), after 30 days. Results: WPH did not affect plant height, but soil with 50 g WPH kg-1 diminished root and total dry weight, and leaf area, when compared to both control soil and soil with 150 g WPH kg-1. The strain Sml (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia C10S1) significantly increased shoot and total dry weight, while the strain Ro (Raoultella ornithinolytica C5S3) produced higher specific leaf area relative to uninoculated plants. In control soil, the bacterial consortium stimulated plant height. The strains Sm (Serratia marcescens C11S1) and Sm2 (S. marcescens C7S3) improved plant height and specific leaf area when compared to uninoculated plants in soil with 50 g WPH kg-1. In soil with 150 g WPH kg-1, strains Spa (Stenotrophomonas pavanii C5S3F) and Cfr (Citrobacter freundii C4S3) enhanced root and shoot dry weight, respectively. The EPSII was unaffected by soil contamination. Emulsifying bacteria reduced the phytotoxic effects of WP, but depending on the content of WPH in soils. Conclusions: Soil with 50 g WPH kg-1 showed the greatest phytotoxic effects on plant growth. Bacterial inoculation favored growth, biomass production and leaf area in soil with 150 g WPH kg-1. The EPSII was not affected by WPH in soils.

scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Responses of Indigofera tinctoria L. to Light Intensity

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Desy Setyaningrum ◽  
Maria Theresia Sri Budiastuti ◽  
Bambang Pujiasmanto ◽  
Djoko Purnomo ◽  
Supriyono Supriyono
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Indigofera Tinctoria

Synthetic dyes can cause health and environmental impacts. Thus, there are opportunities to develop natural dyes, one of which is produced by Indigofera tinctoria plants. This plant is from Fabaceae that has the potential to produce a natural blue color. Natural dyes are extracted from the leaves of plants that contain indigo compounds. Indigo growth and precursors are very dependent on environmental conditions, one of which is light intensity. This study aimed to study the morphological and physiological plant responses in I. tinctoria to several levels of light intensity. The research was conducted in Puron Village, Sukoharjo, Indonesia with a complete randomized block design (RCBD) one factor, namely the level of light intensity (100 %, 50 %, and 25 %) with nine replications. Light intensity affected the morphology and physiology of I. tinctoria. Plants responded to low light intensity by increasing the leaf area index, specific leaf area and plant height. Leaf area, specific leaf area and plant height were highest at 25 % intensity. However, the number of leaves and nodes got greater at full light intensity. Higher light intensity increased the chlorophyll content a, b and total, thus, higher biomass yield which was 18.86 g at the age of 8 wk.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in Hyrcanian forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Mohebi Bijarpasi ◽  
Taymour Rostami Shahraji ◽  
Habiboalah Samizadeh Lahiji
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in northern forests of Iran. Beech leaves were sampled from southern and northern crown parts of healthy mature trees along an elevation gradient comprising sites situated at 700 m, 1,200 m and 1,700 m above the sea level. Our statistical analysis showed that the investigated traits differed significantly between the populations. The results indicated the lowest and the highest coefficients of variation for the high (1,700 m) and middle elevation populations (1,200 m) for leaf length, petiole length, leaf area, specific leaf area, dry weight, specific dry weight, leaf index and petiole index traits. With increasing elevation, mean leaf width, distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width, dry weight and petiole index increased. The plasticity of leaf length, specific leaf area, specific dry weight, petiole index and petiole length peaked at middle elevation, and with increasing elevation, the plasticity of these traits declined. The distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width had the highest coefficient of genetic (75.5%) and phenotypic (75.5%) variation. The heritability results showed that there were differences in all traits, and that the highest heritability was recorded for the distance from the leaf base to the leaf maximum width (99.95 %). The results suggest that the studied beech populations responded to the environmental changes by changing their leaf traits in different ways at different altitudes.

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