Morphology of young sugarcane stalks produced at different stages of crop development

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Salter ◽  
G. D. Bonnett ◽  
R. J. Lawn
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Breadth Ratio ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Plant Crop

Sugarcane suckers are tillers that appear late in crop development. They dilute the sucrose content of the harvested cane at the mill, reducing grower profitability. Suckers appear to have different morphology from other sugarcane stalks. Experiments were established to quantify some of these morphological differences, to determine whether these differences were conserved across a vegetatively propagated generation, and to investigate the influence of the mature stalk to which the sucker is attached on sucker morphology. Experiments were established in northern Queensland, Australia, using cvv. Q117, Q138, and Q152 to compare suckers with young primary stalks in a plant crop and/or young ratoon stalks. Leaf lamina length, breadth, area, height to last fully expanded leaf, internode diameter, and growth measurements were taken. Suckers had broader leaves, resulting in a smaller leaf length/breadth ratio, longer leaf sheaths, and lower specific leaf area at least for the first 3 leaves. Sucker stalks were thicker than normal stalks. Sucker growth was highly variable, but some were able to outgrow young primary stalks in a plant crop. When mature stalks, to which suckers were attached, were removed, the leaves produced by suckers were more similar to leaves on normal stalks with larger length/breadth ratio. The morphological differences were not carried over into plants arising from the buds on suckers. Although the reasons for these morphological differences are unknown, it is likely that the transfer of some factor(s) from the stalks to which suckers are attached, and/or an altered light environment within the canopy, may contribute to the morphology of sucker shoots.

scholarly journals Feasibility in Estimating the Dry Leaf Mass and Specific Leaf Area of 50 Bamboo Species Based on Nondestructive Measurements

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1554
Author(s):  
Yongjin Du ◽  
Weiliang Fan ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Mengxiang Zheng ◽  
Leixin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Nondestructive Measurements

Specific leaf area (SLA) is a good predictor of aboveground net primary productivity. However, the SLA of bamboo species is generally estimated on the basis of destructive measurements rather than the cost-effective and recyclable nondestructive measurements using easily accessible leaf traits such as leaf length (L) and width (W). Considering the strong empirical relationships between leaf area (LA) and leaf structural parameters of bamboo species that were developed by previous studies, this study explores the feasibility of estimating the leaf dry mass (LDM) and SLA of 50 bamboo species using L and W. The results show that the Montgomery equation and its similar forms precisely estimated LA of the 50 bamboo species at both leaf scale (R2 > 0.96 and MAE% < 4.67%) and the canopy scale (R2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 0.09); the LDM of the 50 bamboo species could also be estimated using L and W at both leaf scale (R2 > 0.52 and MAE% < 26.35%) and the canopy scale (R2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 0.003), and the estimated mean SLA of each of the 50 bamboo species had good agreement with the measured values (R2 > 0.99 and RMSE < 1.88) because of the precisely estimated mean LA and mean LDM at the canopy scale, indicating the feasibility of estimating SLA of the 50 bamboo species at the canopy scale based on nondestructive measurements. However, the empirical relationships used for mean SLA estimations are not suitable for SLA estimations at the leaf scale because of the uncertainties in the estimated LDM at the leaf scale.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Photon Flux, Photoperiod, and CO2 Concentration Affect Growth and Morphology of Lettuce Plug Transplants

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 988-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kitaya ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Toyoki Kozai ◽  
Maki Ohashi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Four Levels

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Summer-green) plug transplants were grown for 3 weeks under 16 combinations of four levels (100, 150, 200, and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1) of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), two photoperiods (16 and 24 h), and two levels of CO2 (400 and 800 μmol·mol-1) in growth chambers maintained at an air temperature of 20 ±2 °C. As PPF increased, dry mass (DM), percent DM, and leaf number increased, while ratio of shoot to root dry mass (S/R), ratio of leaf length to leaf width (LL/LW), specific leaf area, and hypocotyl length decreased. At the same PPF, DM was increased by 25% to 100% and 10% to 100% with extended photoperiod and elevated CO2 concentration, respectively. Dry mass, percent DM, and leaf number increased linearly with daily light integral (DLI, the product of PPF and photoperiod), while S/R, specific leaf area, LL/LW and hypocotyl length decreased as DLI increased under each CO2 concentration. Hypocotyl length was influenced by PPF and photoperiod, but not by CO2 concentration. Leaf morphology, which can be reflected by LL/LW, was substantially influenced by PPF at 100 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1, but not at 200 to 300 μmol·m-2·s-1. At the same DLI, the longer photoperiod promoted growth under the low CO2 concentration, but not under the high CO2 concentration. Longer photoperiod and/or higher CO2 concentration compensated for a low PPF.

scholarly journals The effect of elevational gradient on alpine gingers (Roscoea alpina and R. purpurea) in the Himalayas

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babu Ram Paudel ◽  
Adrian G. Dyer ◽  
Jair E. Garcia ◽  
Mani Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
Vertical Transect

There is currently enormous interest in how morphological and physiological responses of herbaceous plants may be affected by changing elevational gradient. Mountain regions provide an excellent opportunity to understand how closely related species may adapt to the conditions that rapidly change with elevation. We investigated the morphological and physiological responses of two Himalayan alpine gingers (Roscoea alpina and R. purpurea) along two different vertical transects of 400 m, R. purpurea between 2,174–2,574 m a.s.l and R. alpina between 2,675–3,079 m a.s.l. We measured the variables of plant height, leaf length, leaf area, specific leaf area, and stomata density at five plots, along the vertical transect at an elevational gap of ca. 100 m. Results revealed that with increased elevation plant height, and leaf area decreased while stomata density increased, whereas changes in specific leaf area, were not correlated with the elevation. Our results reveal that these alpine gingers undergo local adaptation by modifying their plant height, leaf area and stomata density in response to the varying selection pressure associated with the elevational gradient. Thus, the findings of this research provide valuable information on how a narrow range of elevational gradient affects the herbaceous plants at the alpine habitat of the Himalayas.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in Hyrcanian forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Mohebi Bijarpasi ◽  
Taymour Rostami Shahraji ◽  
Habiboalah Samizadeh Lahiji
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the genetic variability and heritability of some morphological and physiological traits in Fagus orientalis Lipsky along an elevation gradient in northern forests of Iran. Beech leaves were sampled from southern and northern crown parts of healthy mature trees along an elevation gradient comprising sites situated at 700 m, 1,200 m and 1,700 m above the sea level. Our statistical analysis showed that the investigated traits differed significantly between the populations. The results indicated the lowest and the highest coefficients of variation for the high (1,700 m) and middle elevation populations (1,200 m) for leaf length, petiole length, leaf area, specific leaf area, dry weight, specific dry weight, leaf index and petiole index traits. With increasing elevation, mean leaf width, distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width, dry weight and petiole index increased. The plasticity of leaf length, specific leaf area, specific dry weight, petiole index and petiole length peaked at middle elevation, and with increasing elevation, the plasticity of these traits declined. The distance from leaf base to the leaf maximum width had the highest coefficient of genetic (75.5%) and phenotypic (75.5%) variation. The heritability results showed that there were differences in all traits, and that the highest heritability was recorded for the distance from the leaf base to the leaf maximum width (99.95 %). The results suggest that the studied beech populations responded to the environmental changes by changing their leaf traits in different ways at different altitudes.

scholarly journals Light and sex interplay: Differential herbivore damage in sun and shade in dioecious Mercurialis perennis

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Selakovic ◽  
Nemanja Stanisavljevic ◽  
Vukica Vujic ◽  
Luka Rubinjoni ◽  
Zivko Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Chemical Defenses ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Herbivore Damage ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Plant Sex

Interactions between plants and herbivorous insects can be shaped by light environment, resulting in differential herbivory in sun and shade. In dioecious species, the combination of plant sex and light-induced changes in defense traits and nutritive value can alter the patterns of foliar damage. We explored the combined effects of light environment and plant sex on natural herbivore damage and plant traits in the dioecious understory forb Mercurialis perennis on Mt. Kopaonik (Serbia). The role of plant traits in predicting the extent of damage was examined as well. Male and female plants from contrasting light environments (shade vs. sun) were analyzed with respect to leaf damage, as well as plant morphological and biochemical traits (size, specific leaf area, carbon-based defensive compounds and nutritional quality). We found prominent differences in herbivore damage between sun and shade conditions, but not between the sexes. Plants from the sun-exposed site had a significantly larger leaf area removed. The specific leaf area co-varied with herbivore damage in an inverse fashion, while leaf nutritional value had a moderate effect. Contrasting light conditions influenced the patterns of intersexual differences in the contents of condensed tannins and soluble proteins, with females exhibiting higher trait values. We found that factors defining risk of consumption were related to plant morphological traits and nutritive value rather than to chemical defenses.

scholarly journals El Niño-Southern Oscillation affects the water relations of tree species in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Palomo-Kumul ◽  
Mirna Valdez-Hernández ◽  
Gerald A. Islebe ◽  
Manuel J. Cach-Pérez ◽  
José Luis Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests ◽  
Dry Tropical Forests

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of ENSO 2015/16 on the water relations of eight tree species in seasonally dry tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The functional traits: wood density, relative water content in wood, xylem water potential and specific leaf area were recorded during the rainy season and compared in three consecutive years: 2015 (pre-ENSO conditions), 2016 (ENSO conditions) and 2017 (post-ENSO conditions). We analyzed tree size on the capacity to respond to water deficit, considering young and mature trees, and if this response is distinctive in species with different leaf patterns in seasonally dry tropical forests distributed along a precipitation gradient (700–1200 mm year−1). These traits showed a strong decrease in all species in response to water stress in 2016, mainly in the driest site. Deciduous species had lower wood density, higher predawn water potential and higher specific leaf area than evergreen species. In all cases, mature trees were more tolerant to drought. In the driest site, there was a significant reduction in water status, regardless of their leaf phenology, indicating that seasonally dry tropical forests are highly vulnerable to ENSO. Vulnerability of deciduous species is intensified in the driest areas and in the youngest trees.

scholarly journals Divergent long- and short-term responses to environmental gradients in specific leaf area of grassland species

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 108058
Author(s):  
Zhaogang Liu ◽  
Ning Dong ◽  
Hongxiang Zhang ◽  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Tingting Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Grassland Species

Effects of cuticular wax content and specific leaf area on accumulation and partition of PAHs in different tissues of wheat leaf

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 18793-18802
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Wang ◽  
Huanyu Bao ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Huachang Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Different Tissues
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