scholarly journals Molecular evolution of the VacA p55 binding domain of Helicobacter pylori in mestizos from a high gastric cancer region of Colombia

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6634
Author(s):  
Andrés J. Gutiérrez-Escobar ◽  
María M. Bravo ◽  
Orlando Acevedo ◽  
Steffen Backert
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Spanish Colonization ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Host Epithelial Cell ◽  
H Pylori

The stomach bacterium Helicobacter pylori is one of the most prevalent pathogens in humans, closely linked with serious diseases such as gastric cancer. The microbe has been associated with its host for more than 100,000 years and escorted modern humans out of Africa. H. pylori is predominantly transmitted within families and dispersed globally, resulting in distinct phylogeographic patterns, which can be utilized to investigate migrations and bioturbation events in human history. Latin America was affected by several human migratory waves due to the Spanish colonisation that drastically changed the genetic load and composition of the bacteria and its host. Genetic evidence indicates that independent evolutionary lines of H. pylori have evolved in mestizos from Colombia and other countries in the region during more than 500 years since colonisation. The vacuolating cytotoxin VacA represents a major virulence factor of the pathogen comprising two domains, p33 and p55, the latter of which is essential for binding to the host epithelial cell. The evolution of the VacA toxin in Colombia has been strongly biased due to the effects of Spanish colonization. However, the variation patterns and microevolution of the p55 domain have not yet been described for this population. In the present study, we determined the genetic polymorphisms and deviations in the neutral model of molecular evolution in the p55 domain of 101 clinical H. pylori isolates collected in Bogotá, a city located in Andean mountains characterized by its high gastric cancer risk and its dominant mestizo population. The microevolutionary patterns of the p55 domain were shaped by recombination, purifying and episodic diversifying positive selection. Furthermore, amino acid positions 261 and 321 in the p55 domain of VacA show a high variability among mestizos clinical subsets, suggesting that natural selection in H. pylori may operate differentially in patients with different gastric diseases.

scholarly journals The correlation between lncRNAs and Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narges Dastmalchi ◽  
Seyed Mahdi Banan Khojasteh ◽  
Mirsaed Miri Nargesi ◽  
Reza Safaralizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection performs a key role in gastric tumorigenesis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have demonstrated a great potential to be regarded as effective malignancy biomarkers for various gastrointestinal diseases including gastric cancer (GC). The present review highlights the relationship between lncRNAs and H. pylori in GC. Several studies have examined not only the involvement of lncRNAs in H. pylori-associated GC progression but also their molecular mechanisms of action. Among the pertinent studies, some have addressed the effects of H. pylori infection on modulatory networks of lncRNAs, while others have evaluated the effects of changes in the expression level of lncRNAs in H. pylori-associated gastric diseases, especially GC. The relationship between lncRNAs and H. pylori was found to be modulated by various molecular pathways.

Prospective Assessment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Gastric Pathologies in Sidi Bel Abbes region, Western Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
Zouaouia Chama ◽  
Khedoudj Kanoun ◽  
Fatima Zohra Elkadi ◽  
Kara Turqui Douidi ◽  
Noria Harir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Impact

Helicobacter pylori infection concerns half of the world’s population, mainly in developing countries. It causes several gastrodudenal pathologies such as gastritis, ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of H.pylori infection and to assess the impact of different epidemiological factors as well as principal gastric diseases associ-ated to this infection. We underwent a prospective study during 18 months (month 2016-month 2017) which implicated 201 symptomatic patients for gastric fiboptic endoscopy at the level of Sidi Bel Abbes University hospital. We collected patients’ biopsies to perform a histological study and H. pylori culture. H. pylori identification was carried out based on bacteriological and biochemical analysis. The middle age of our population was (47.29 ±15.97ans) and the sex-ratio =0,8. The global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is of 61.2% (123/201). This rate, after a statistic analysis, seems to be significantly related to age. It is particularly high especially for patients belonging to age range (20-30)-(51-60) years. The gender did not affect the infection prevalence that is more frequent in the gastritis case. We noticed also that HP infection prevalence was important in SBA the hospital. The range age (20-30)-(51-60) years had the highest prevalence of H. pylori and of gastritis which might be a risky ground of gastric cancer appearance. The ulcer pathology maximal rate concerned the group of 51 to 60 years. Above this age, this rate dropped whereas the number of patients suffering from gastric cancer, which presents an important rate in our study, increase for the group of 61-70 years.

scholarly journals Helicobacter Pylori Induce Gastric Upset

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Hazim Abdul Rahman Alhit
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽  
H Pylori

Editorial: Helicobacter pylori is a micro-aerophilic, helical-form gramnegative aggressive bacteria. Accordingly, the idiom “Helico” intimates its helical appearance, “bacter” symbolizes bacteria, while “pylori” denotes stomach due to the first and common site of this bacteria living. Further, Marshall B. and Warren R. observed and described it in 1982. Then, the followed investigators studied this bacterium in detail with its consequences and complexities [1]. Gastric upset (Indigestion), dyspepsia: means impaired gastric digestion. Accordingly, the patient complains of upper abdominal pain, heartburn, belching, nausea, even feeling earlier gastric fullness than expected while eating. Furthermore, there are many causes of indigestion like gastroesophageal reflux disease, ulcer disease, gastritis, and even gastric cancer. Hence, unexplained recent onset dyspepsia in older people may need additional examinations. Moreover, one of the common causes is Helicobacter pylori infection, which needs laboratory and endoscopic examination [2]. Argument Many theories investigated the etiology and pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection, concerning chronic or acute gastritis. Hence, gastric upset is the main presentation of both types of gastritis. Evidences The genotype is valuable in determining the dominant Helicobacter pylori strains as the isolates were different genetically plus heterogeneous distribution. Accordingly, the vac and cag markers operate a significant function in defining clinical consequences. These virulence agents are present in a subset of Helicobacter pylori strains isolates like cagA, iceA, vacA, and ureC. Moreover, the cagA causes cytotoxins induction by the gastric epithelial cell as Interleukin 8 [3]. The molecular intercommunication researches exhibit that the act of acarus calamus in hindering biofilm formation in Helicobacter pylori is due to the inhibitory impact of phytobio-active component, β-sitosterol, on the quorum sensing molecules-ToxB, PhnB, DnaA, plus Sip. Consequently, this opinion may suggest the molecular mechanism of Helicobacter pylori in producing the acidrelated complaints and gives a clue to a new therapy [4]. Helicobacter pylori infection causes lncRNA risk impression linked to H. pylori in gastric cancer patients and can prognosticate the prediction of these patients [5]. There was a close relationship between raised serum IgE levels in Helicobacter pylori infected patients [6]. Counterargument The laboratory investigations of Helicobacter pylori infection depend on several factors like the fluctuations of serum antibody titers in a time series, the antigene detection in stool tests, the false-positive results of lab tests, or the manner of endoscopic biopsy collection. Furthermore, other factors like the variations in Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA) in East Asian patients. Moreover, the gastric nodularity or atrophy, the patient’s age, the severity of the gastric mucosal infection are causes of variations in Helicobacter pylori detection at the time of the investigation [7]. Refutation The significant markers of H. pylori, the presence of the vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA), the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), which induced by the direct communication with gastric epithelium factor antigen (iceA gene), and the presence of urease C gene (ureC). Consequently, all these factors play the principal factors in deciding the gastric consequences of Helicobacter infections. Conclusion Helicobacter pylori induce gastric upset by several mechanisms to form numerous Gastric diseases.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of human coding- and non-coding RNAs in progressive stages of Helicobacter pylori infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Lario ◽  
María J. Ramírez-Lázaro ◽  
Aintzane González-Lahera ◽  
José L. Lavín ◽  
Maria Vila-Casadesús ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
H Pylori

Abstract Helicobacter pylori infects 4.4 billion individuals worldwide and is considered the most important etiologic agent for peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Individual response to H. pylori infection is complex and depends on complex interactions between host and environmental factors. The pathway towards gastric cancer is a sequence of events known as Correa’s model of gastric carcinogenesis, a stepwise inflammatory process from normal mucosa to chronic-active gastritis, atrophy, metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma. This study examines gastric clinical specimens representing different steps of the Correa pathway with the aim of identifying the expression profiles of coding- and non-coding RNAs that may have a role in Correa’s model of gastric carcinogenesis. We screened for differentially expressed genes in gastric biopsies by employing RNAseq, microarrays and qRT-PCR. Here we provide a detailed description of the experiments, methods and results generated. The datasets may help other scientists and clinicians to find new clues to the pathogenesis of H. pylori and the mechanisms of progression of the infection to more severe gastric diseases. Data is available via ArrayExpress.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of the cag Pathogenicity Island in Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Patients with Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer, and Gastric Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1043-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Backert ◽  
Tobias Schwarz ◽  
Stephan Miehlke ◽  
Christian Kirsch ◽  
Christian Sommer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Pathogenicity Island ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of a variety of gastric diseases, but the clinical relevance of bacterial virulence factors is still controversial. Virulent strains carrying the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) are thought to be key players in disease development. Here, we have compared cagPAI-dependent in vitro responses in H. pylori isolates obtained from 75 patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer (n = 25 in each group). AGS gastric epithelial cells were infected with each strain and assayed for (i) CagA expression, (ii) translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation of CagA, (iii) c-Src inactivation, (iv) cortactin dephosphorylation, (v) induction of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with cell elongation, (vi) induction of cellular motility, and (vii) secretion of interleukin-8. Interestingly, we found high but similar prevalences of all of these cagPAI-dependent host cell responses (ranging from 56 to 80%) among the various groups of patients. This study revealed CagA proteins with unique features, CagA subspecies of various sizes, and new functional properties for the phenotypic outcomes. We further showed that induction of AGS cell motility and elongation are two independent processes. Our data corroborate epidemiological studies, which indicate a significant association of cagPAI presence and functionality with histopathological findings in gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer patients, thus emphasizing the importance of the cagPAI for the pathogenicity of H. pylori. Nevertheless, we found no significant association of the specific H. pylori-induced responses with any particular patient group. This may indicate that the determination of disease development is highly complex and involves multiple bacterial and/or host factors.

scholarly journals Eradication Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Its Importance and Possible Relationship in Preventing the Development of Gastric Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Maria Roesler ◽  
Sandra Cecília Botelho Costa ◽  
José Murilo Robilotta Zeitune
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Host Genetic Factors ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

Helicobacter pylori is the most important carcinogen for gastric adenocarcinoma. Bacterial virulence factors are essential players in modulating the immune response involved in the initiation of carcinogenesis in the stomach; host genetic factors contribute to the regulation of the inflammatory response and to the aggravation of mucosal damage. In terms of environmental factors, salt intake and smoking contribute to the development of lesions. Various therapeutic schemes are proposed to eradicate H. pylori infection, which could potentially prevent gastric cancer, offering the greatest benefit if performed before premalignant changes of the gastric mucosa have occurred.

scholarly journals Helicobacter Pylori Different Virulence Genes and the Risk of Gastric Cancer in Iranian Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Kianmehr ◽  
Ahmad Hormati ◽  
Mohsen Zargar ◽  
Roohollah Fateh ◽  
Razieh Nazari
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Iranian Patients

Abstract Background: Some disease-specific Helicobacter pylori virulence genes can be used for predicting the outcome of diseases. Thus, the current study aimed to explore the frequency of the vacA, cagA, sabA, dupA, babA, oipA, and iceA1 genes in H. pylori isolates, and to determine whether any association exists between the expression of these genes and gastric cancer (GC).Methods: H. pylori isolates were collected from individuals with digestive diseases. The cagA, vacA, dupA, sabA, babA, oipA, and iceA1 genes were determined by PCR. The qRT-PCR was used for expression analysis of the tested genes. Results: The presence of the cagA, vacA, dupA, sabA, babA, oipA and iceA1 genes in H. pylori isolates were 41.3%, 95.5%, 31.0%, 93.1%, 55.1%, 82.7%, and 62.0%, respectively. The cagA, dupA, and babA expression in the GC patients was statistically higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusions: Our results indicated a high diversity and frequency of H. pylori virulence genes among individuals with gastric diseases in the Iranian population. The cagA, dupA, and babA expression were significantly higher in the GC patients, thus, it may suggest that screening of these genes may help identify peoples at higher risk for GC.

Helicobacter pylori infection, premalignant gastric lesions and gastric cancer in the Baltic States: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Limas KUPČINSKAS ◽  
Peter MALFERTHEINER
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Baltic States ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
The Baltic

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been recognized as a human class I carcinogen in 1994 and linked with the development of gastric cancer in numerous studies. Gastric cancer still ranks as the second leading mortality cause among all cancers in the world and in the fourth place in Europe. High prevalence of H. pylori infection and high incidence of gastric cancer in adults are still characteristic of the Baltic States and resemble patterns in the Western and Northern European countries several decades ago. The recent decline in gastric cancer incidence and mortality as well as H. pylori prevalence in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia reflects the worldwide trends. H. pylori induced diseases, however, still remain a significant burden for health care systems in the Baltic States. The relevance of H. pylori induced gastric diseases in the Baltic States has stimulated epidemiological, clinical as well as fundamental research on H. pylori infection, premalignant gastric conditions and gastric cancer. This paper reviews original research on H. pylori infection and related diseases in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia during the period 1992–2011. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, Baltic States

The involvement of Helicobacter pylori thioredoxin-1 in gastric carcinogenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1226-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Shi ◽  
Linna Liu ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Lijuan Shen ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Thioredoxin 1 ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori infection is related to the development of gastric diseases. Various virulence factors are responsible for the pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori infection. Our previous studies using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that H. pylori thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is overexpressed in gastric carcinomas. Here, we examined whether H. pylori Trx1 is a novel virulence factor associated with gastric tumorigenesis. We found that Trx1 expression in H. pylori isolated from gastric cancer tissues was significantly higher than that from tissues exhibiting gastritis. In the gastric epithelial cell line GES-1, infection of H. pylori with high Trx1 expression significantly induced cell apoptosis, decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and upregulated p21. However, in the gastric cancer cell line BGC823, high Trx1 expression in H. pylori significantly increased cell proliferation, and upregulated cyclin D1. The effects on cell lines were confirmed using the H. pylori Trx1-knockout mutant strain. Our observations indicate that high Trx1 expression in H. pylori is associated with gastric carcinogenesis. In H. pylori, Trx1 likely participates in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and H. pylori expressing high levels of Trx1 would be expected to be highly pathogenic in gastric diseases in China.

scholarly journals Low Bifidobacterium Abundance in the Lower Gut Microbiota Is Associated With Helicobacter pylori-Related Gastric Ulcer and Gastric Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Barani Devi ◽  
Krishnadas Devadas ◽  
Meekha George ◽  
A. Gandhimathi ◽  
Deepak Chouhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori infection in stomach leads to gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer. More than 1 million people die each year due to these diseases, but why most H. pylori-infected individuals remain asymptomatic while a certain proportion develops such severe gastric diseases remained an enigma. Several studies indicated that gastric and intestinal microbiota may play a critical role in the development of the H. pylori-associated diseases. However, no specific microbe in the gastric or intestinal microbiota has been clearly linked to H. pylori infection and related gastric diseases. Here, we studied H. pylori infection, its virulence genes, the intestinal microbiota, and the clinical status of Trivandrum residents (N = 375) in southwestern India by standard H. pylori culture, PCR genotype, Sanger sequencing, and microbiome analyses using Illumina Miseq and Nanopore GridION. Our analyses revealed that gastric colonization by virulent H. pylori strains (vacAs1i1m1cagA+) is necessary but not sufficient for developing these diseases. Conversely, distinct microbial pools exist in the lower gut of the H. pylori-infected vs. H. pylori-non-infected individuals. Bifidobacterium (belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria) and Bacteroides (belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes) were present in lower relative abundance for the H. pylori+ group than the H. pylori- group (p &lt; 0.05). On the contrary, for the H. pylori+ group, genus Dialister (bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes) and genus Prevotella (bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes) were present in higher abundance compared to the H. pylori- group (p &lt; 0.05). Notably, those who carried H. pylori in the stomach and had developed aggressive gastric diseases also had extremely low relative abundance (p &lt; 0.05) of several Bifidobacterium species (e.g., B. adolescentis, B. longum) in the lower gut suggesting a protective role of Bifidobacterium. Our results show the link between lower gastrointestinal microbes and upper gastrointestinal diseases. Moreover, the results are important for developing effective probiotic and early prognosis of severe gastric diseases.

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