scholarly journals Eradication Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Its Importance and Possible Relationship in Preventing the Development of Gastric Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Maria Roesler ◽  
Sandra Cecília Botelho Costa ◽  
José Murilo Robilotta Zeitune
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Host Genetic Factors ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

Helicobacter pylori is the most important carcinogen for gastric adenocarcinoma. Bacterial virulence factors are essential players in modulating the immune response involved in the initiation of carcinogenesis in the stomach; host genetic factors contribute to the regulation of the inflammatory response and to the aggravation of mucosal damage. In terms of environmental factors, salt intake and smoking contribute to the development of lesions. Various therapeutic schemes are proposed to eradicate H. pylori infection, which could potentially prevent gastric cancer, offering the greatest benefit if performed before premalignant changes of the gastric mucosa have occurred.

scholarly journals The Role of Interleukin-1Beta and Other Potential Genetic Markers as Indicators of Gastric Cancer Risk

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 8B-12B ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Troost ◽  
Georgina L Hold ◽  
Malcolm G Smith ◽  
Wong-Ho Chow ◽  
Charles S Rbkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Host Genetic Factors

Helicobacter pyloriinfects half of the world’s population, and is associated with asymptomatic gastritis and also with more serious conditions such as peptic ulcer disease and gastric carcinoma. The clinical outcome is largely dependent on the severity and distribution of theH pylori-induced gastritis, but the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Bacterial virulence factors and environmental influences contribute to the pathogenesis, but do not explain the divergent outcomes. There is emerging evidence that host genetic factors play a key role in determining the clinical outcome ofH pyloriinfection. In particular, proinflammatory genotypes of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) gene are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer and its precursors. The effects are most likely mediated through the induction of hypochlorhydria and severe corpus gastritis with the subsequent development of gastric atrophy. The roles of IL-1β and other host genetic factors in the pathogenesis ofH pylorirelated cancer are discussed in this article.

Evaluation of the Epidemiologic Efficacy of Eradicating Helicobacter pylori on Development of Gastric Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fujiao Duan ◽  
Chunhua Song ◽  
Jintao Zhang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Hua Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

Abstract Eradication of Helicobacter pylori colonization has been reported to affect the progression of gastric cancer. A comprehensive literature search was performed from 1997 to 2017 using electronic databases. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized controlled trials (non-RCT) evaluated the effect of H. pylori eradication on development of gastric cancer. Four RCTs and 9 non-RCTs were included (n = 40,740 participants; 321,269 person-years). Overall, H. pylori eradication therapy was associated with a significantly reduced risk of gastric cancer (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41, 0.65). Results of mixed-effect Poisson regression meta-analysis were similar to those of traditional meta-analyses. In stratified analyses, the IRRs were 0.59 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.86) in RCTs and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.64) in non-RCTs. The IRRs were 0.45 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.61) in patients and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.44, 0.90) in the general population. Moreover, the relative risk reduction was approximately 77% on the development of noncardiac gastric cancer with H. pylori eradication therapy in China. Attributable risk percentage and population attributable risk percentage for Chinese patients were 77.08% and 75.33%, respectively, and for Japanese patients were 57.80% and 45.99%, respectively. H. pylori eradication therapy reduces the risk of noncardiac gastric cancer development. The findings indicate the importance of early intervention with H. pylori eradication therapy from the perspective of epidemiology.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori; a Way to Gastric Cancer?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Sánchez-Zauco ◽  
Erandi Pérez-Figueroa ◽  
Carmen Maldonado-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the types of cancer that is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. The infection starts in childhood, and 50–90% of the population in the world is infected. The clinical symptoms can be stomach pain, gastritis, atrophy gastric, and only 2–3% of the infected population developed gastric cancer. The majority of gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas. From Lauren’s histological classification, gastric cancer is divided into two large groups: intestinal and diffuse. The cells that gives rise to them are different and the epidemiologic features and diagnosis are different according to gender and age; however; the survival rate is approximately of 5-years. Surgery is the only radical treatment, but the adjuvant treatment is chemotherapy and radiotherapy which unfortunately lead to only a modest survival benefit. On this review, we describe the major risk factors associated with the bacteria: cagPAI, CagA, VacA, HOPs, as well as host immune and inflammatory responses: immune cells, Toll-like receptors, cytokines, immune signal pathway, genetic predisposition, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s) and environmental factors: age, high salt intake, diets low in fruit and vegetables, alcohol intake, and tobacco use. Finally, we included the interaction of all factors for the development of gastric cancer. Knowing and understanding the role of all factors in the development of gastric cancer will allow the implementation of better therapies and improve patient prognosis.

scholarly journals Gastric xanthelasma: case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Ana C. Almeida ◽  
Emília C. Fraga ◽  
Cristina P. Camacho ◽  
Maria J. Amaral ◽  
António Milheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Gastric Antrum ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Upper Gi ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Single Lesion ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

Xanthelasma, also known as Xanthoma or lipid island, is an uncommon gastrointestinal tract (GIT) tumor-like lesion and the stomach is its most frequent location in upper GI lesions, specifically in the gastric antrum, as a single lesion. The pathogenesis appears to be related to healing processes in response to tissue damage provoked by inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori infection. Many studies have reported that successful H. pylori eradication helps prevent gastric cancer (GC) development. We present a case of a 77 years old patient that showed endoscopic diagnosis of erythematous gastropathy, a gastric antrum xanthelasma and H. Pylori infection. After confirmed H. pylori eradication, the lesion had complete regression. The successful eradication of H. pylori probably led to a total regression of the lesion. Gastric xanthelasma (GX) has been shown to be an independent predictive marker for early GC detection after H. pylori eradication. GX could be a useful marker for predicting the development of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Los genes como marcadores de riesgo en cáncer gástrico: revisión de estudios en población colombiana

Respuestas ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Claudia Marcela Yáñez-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Cáncer Gástrico

 El objetivo de esta revisión, fue identificar el rol de los genes como marcadores de riesgo en cáncer gástrico (CG) en población colombiana. Se revisaron publicaciones de investigaciones realizadas en los últimos diez años, utilizando las bases MEDLINE y LILACS y complementando  la pesquisa con la bibliografía relevante de los artículos. Se encontraron estudios en busca de asociación de CG con polimorfismos de varios genes humanos involucrados en la respuesta inmune, la desintoxicación y el supresor p53. En Colombia al igual que en otros países, las evidencias de asociación de polimorfismos genéticos con CG son aún controversiales, debido a la variación de los resultados que arrojan los estudios en las diferentes poblaciones. El genoma de las cepas de Helicobacter pylori que infectan población colombiana también ha sido investigado en búsqueda de polimorfismos de virulencia. El genotipo cagA/vacAs1m1 identificado como citotóxico en esta bacteria, mostró en la mayoría de las investigaciones, asociación con CG. La evidencia de asociación de CG con factores genéticos en población colombiana no es concluyente. Está lejos aún, la identificación de marcadores genéticos que permitan predecir el riesgo a desarrollar CG. A pesar de ello, algunos polimorfismos de genes humanos como los de IL-1 o los de algunas enzimas desintoxicantes, así como los genes cagA y vacA de Helicobacter pylori podrían ser candidatos a futuros marcadores de riesgo en esta neoplasia.Palabras clave: cáncer gástrico, riesgo, genotipo, Colombia. ABSTRACT  The objective of this review was to identify the role of genes as risk markers in gastric cancer (GC) in Colombian population studies. The study reviewed research publications in the last ten years, using the MEDLINE and LILACS, as well as various literature research of relevant articles. Searching studies found GC association with several human gene polymorphisms involved in the immune response, detoxification and suppressor p53. In Colombia, as in other countries, the evidence of the association of genetic polymorphisms with GC are still controversial because of the variation in results that studies in different populations. The genome of Helicobacter pylori strains that infect Colombian population has also been investigated in search of polymorphisms of virulence. cagA/ vacAs1m1 genotype identified as cytotoxic in this bacterium, demonstrated most of the research associated with GC. Evidence of association of GC with Colombian population genetic factors was inconclusive. It is yet to be determined the exact identification of genetic markers that can predict the risk of developing GC. However, some human gene polymorphisms as IL-1 or some detoxifying enzymes and the vacA and cagA of H. pylori could be candidates for future risk markers in these tumors.Keywords: gastric cancer, risk, genotype, Colombia

scholarly journals Recent Advances inHelicobacter pyloriInfection in Children: From the Petri Dish to the Playgound

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Yuan Zheng ◽  
Nicola L Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

Helicobacter pyloriinfection is acquired in childhood, plays a causative role in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, and is associated with the development of gastric cancer. The present review focuses on recent advances in the scientific knowledge ofH pyloriinfection in children, including clinical sequelae, diagnosis and treatment. In addition, recent insights regarding both bacterial and host factors that mediate human diseases associated withH pyloriinfection are discussed.

scholarly journals The Prevalence ofHelicobacter pyloriVirulence Factors in Bhutan, Vietnam, and Myanmar Is Related to Gastric Cancer Incidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Huyen Trang ◽  
Seiji Shiota ◽  
Miyuki Matsuda ◽  
Tran Thanh Binh ◽  
Rumiko Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Significant Health ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is a significant health problem in Asia. Although the prevalence ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection is similar in Bhutan, Vietnam, and Myanmar, the incidence of gastric cancer is highest in Bhutan, followed by Vietnam and Myanmar. We hypothesized thatH. pylorivirulence factors contribute to the differences. The status ofcagA,vacA,jhp0562, andβ-(1,3)galT(jhp0563)was examined in 371H. pylori-infected patients from Bhutan, Vietnam, and Myanmar. Each virulence factor could not explain the difference of the incidence of gastric cancer. However, the prevalence of quadruple-positive forcagA,vacAs1,vacAm1, andjhp0562-positive/β-(1,3)galT-negative was significantly higher in Bhutan than in Vietnam and Myanmar and correlated with gastric cancer incidence. Moreover, gastritis-staging scores measured by histology of gastric mucosa were significantly higher in quadruple-positive strains. We suggest that thecagA,vacAs1,vacAm1, andjhp0562-positive/β-(1,3)galT-negative genotype may play a role in the development of gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Dysregulation of lncRNA in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Leila Yousefi ◽  
Hamid Owaysee Osquee ◽  
Reza Ghotaslou ◽  
Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee ◽  
Tahereh Pirzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Gastric Cancer Cells ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common cause of gastric cancer (GC). This microorganism is genetically diverse; GC is caused by several genetic deregulations in addition to environmental factors and bacterial virulence factors. lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are significant biological macromolecules in GC, have specific functions in diseases, and could be therapeutic targets. Altered lncRNAs can lead to the abnormal expression of adjacent protein-coding genes, which may be important in cancer development. Their mechanisms have not been well understood, so we are going to investigate the risk of GC in a population with both high lncRNA and H. pylori infection.

scholarly journals Statins’ Regulation of the Virulence Factors of Helicobacter pylori and the Production of ROS May Inhibit the Development of Gastric Cancer

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Ting-Yu Lin ◽  
Wen-Hsi Lan ◽  
Ya-Fang Chiu ◽  
Chun-Lung Feng ◽  
Cheng-Hsun Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Vacuolating Cytotoxin ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Cytotoxin Associated Gene A ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Development Of Gastric Cancer

Conventionally, statins are used to treat high cholesterol levels. They exhibit pleiotropic effects, such as the prevention of cardiovascular disease and decreased cancer mortality. Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, ranking as the third leading global cause of cancer-related deaths, and is mainly attributed to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. During their co-evolution with hosts, H. pylori has developed the ability to use the cellular components of the host to evade the immune system and multiply in intracellular niches. Certain H. pylori virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), and cholesterol-α-glucosyltransferase (CGT), have been shown to exploit host cholesterol during pathogenesis. Therefore, using statins to antagonize cholesterol synthesis might prove to be an ideal strategy for reducing the occurrence of H. pylori-related GC. This review discusses the current understanding of the interplay of H. pylori virulence factors with cholesterol and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which may prove to be novel therapeutic targets for the development of effective treatment strategies against H. pylori-associated GC. We also summarize the findings of several clinical studies on the association between statin therapy and the development of GC, especially in terms of cancer risk and mortality.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factors Exploiting Gastric Colonization and its Pathogenicity

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamshul Ansari ◽  
Yoshio Yamaoka
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Colonization Factors ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric epithelial cells of at least half of the world’s population, and it is the strongest risk factor for developing gastric complications like chronic gastritis, ulcer diseases, and gastric cancer. To successfully colonize and establish a persistent infection, the bacteria must overcome harsh gastric conditions. H. pylori has a well-developed mechanism by which it can survive in a very acidic niche. Despite bacterial factors, gastric environmental factors and host genetic constituents together play a co-operative role for gastric pathogenicity. The virulence factors include bacterial colonization factors BabA, SabA, OipA, and HopQ, and the virulence factors necessary for gastric pathogenicity include the effector proteins like CagA, VacA, HtrA, and the outer membrane vesicles. Bacterial factors are considered more important. Here, we summarize the recent information to better understand several bacterial virulence factors and their role in the pathogenic mechanism.

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