scholarly journals Acute toxicity and responses of antioxidant systems to dibutyl phthalate in neonate and adult Daphnia magna

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Shen ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Tianyi Wang ◽  
Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) poses a severe threat to aquatic ecosystems, introducing hazards to both aquatic species and human health. The ecotoxic effects of DBP on aquatic organisms have not been fully investigated. This study investigates acute toxicity, oxidative damage, and antioxidant enzyme parameters in neonate and adult Daphnia magna exposed to DBP. The obtained results show comparable DBP toxic responses in neonates and adults. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of DBP in neonates exposed for 24 and 48 h were 3.48 and 2.83 mg/L, respectively. The LC50 of adults for the same DBP exposure durations were 4.92 and 4.31 mg/L, respectively. Increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were found in neonates and adults at both 24 and 48 h, while the total antioxidant capacity decreased. Superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in neonates and adults exposed to 0.5 mg/L DBP, and subsequently diminished at higher DBP concentrations and prolonged exposure. Catalase and glutathione S-transferases activities both decreased markedly in neonates and adults. The changes observed were found to be time and concentration dependent. Overall, these data indicated that the acute toxic effects of DBP exposure on neonates were more pronounced than in adults, and oxidative injury may be the main mechanism of DBP toxicity. These results provide a functional link for lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme levels in the Daphnia magna response to DBP exposure.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos to Hospital Effluent Compared to Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

2020 ◽  
pp. S681-S691
Author(s):  
M WITTLEROVÁ ◽  
G JÍROVÁ ◽  
A VLKOVÁ ◽  
K KEJLOVÁ ◽  
M MALÝ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri

The Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test was adopted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as OECD TG 236 in 2013. The test has been designed to determine acute toxicity of chemicals on embryonic stages of fish and proposed as an alternative method to the Fish Acute Toxicity Test performed according to OECD TG 203. In recent years fish embryos were used not only in the assessment of toxicity of chemicals but also for environmental and wastewater samples. In our study we investigated the acute toxicity of treated wastewater from seven hospitals in the Czech Republic. Our main purpose was to compare the suitability and sensitivity of zebrafish embryos with the sensitivity of two other aquatic organisms commonly used for wastewater testing – Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri. For the aim of this study, in addition to the lethal endpoints of the FET test, sublethal effects such as delayed heartbeat, lack of blood circulation, pericardial and yolk sac edema, spinal curvature and pigmentation failures were evaluated. The comparison of three species demonstrated that the sensitivity of zebrafish embryos is comparable or in some cases higher than the sensitivity of D. magna and A. fischeri. The inclusion of sublethal endpoints caused statistically significant increase of the FET test efficiency in the range of 1-12 %. Based on our results, the FET test, especially with the addition of sublethal effects evaluation, can be considered as a sufficiently sensitive and useful additional tool for ecotoxicity testing of the acute toxicity potential of hospital effluents.

STUDY OF TOXICITY AND SAFETY OF LIPOPHILIC EXTRACTS OF THE WHITE SEA BROWN ALGAE – FUCUS VESICULOSUS AND LAMINARIA SACCHARINA ON THE DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS MODEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
N. P. Podosinovikova ◽  
K. A. Krasnov ◽  
A. A. Bondarenko ◽  
M. L. Alexandrova ◽  
M. A. Zaytseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Method Of Extraction

Assessment of the acute toxicity, safety and biological activity of lipophilic extracts of the White Sea brown algae“– S. latissima and F. vesiculosus– on the model of zoohydrobionts Daphnia magna Straus has been performed.Two methods of obtaining dry lipid concentrate of kelp and fucus were tested. It has been shown that the acute toxicity of the lipid extract of kelp does not depend on the method of its preparation and is about 200 mg/L. The acute toxicity of fucus extract depends on the method of preparation. It is about 100 mg/L in the «cold» method of extraction and increases by an order of magnitude in the «hot» method. To study the biological activity, samples of brown algae obtained by «cold» extraction were used.In chronic experiments, preparations of brown algae were used in a concentration of 8.0 mg/L, which was less than 0,1 LC50 of the acute toxicity of fucus and did not cause toxic effects.For 24 days, the preparations were introduced in contact with Daphnia twice a week. Subsequently, the control and experimental hydrobionts were kept under the same conditions until the death of the last individuals. It has been shown that the preparations of S. latissima and F. vesiculosus in the proposed concentration by 20-30% increased the lifespan of Daphnia in normal conditions and by 50-60% in extreme conditions, while stimulating the reproductive activity of aquatic organisms by 3-4 times. The results obtained suggest that the studied drugs have pronounced adaptogenic and cytoprotective effects.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the acute toxicity of the herbicide atrazine to cladocerans Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Aparecida Moreira ◽  
Adrislaine da Silva Mansano ◽  
Lidiane Cristina da Silva ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Tropical Freshwaters ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

AIM: In this study we compared the sensitivity of three species of Cladocera, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera, to the commercial product of the herbicide Atrazine, the Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (500 g/L), widely used on crops in Brazil. METHODS: Acute toxicity tests were performed at the nominal atrazine concentrations 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36 and 72 mg L-1, on C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera and at 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36, 72 and 144 mg L-1 on D. magna. The range of concentrations tested was established in a series of preliminary tests. RESULTS: The toxicity tests showed that the two species naturally occurring in water bodies in Brazil were more susceptible than Daphnia magna. The effective concentrations of Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (EC50- 48 h) to the species M. flabelligera, C. silvestrii and D. magna were 12.37 ± 2.67 mg L-1, 14.30 ± 1.55 mg L-1 and 50.41 ± 2.64 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, when EC50 observed here for M. flabelligera and C. silvestrii were compared with published values of EC50 or LC50 (mg L-1) for various aquatic organisms exposed to atrazine, it was seen that these two cladocerans were the most sensitive to the herbicide. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results and the broad distribution of C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera in tropical and subtropical regions, it is concluded that these native species would be valuable test organisms in ecotoxicological tests, for the monitoring of toxic substances in tropical freshwaters.

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT AND ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF EUPATORIUM FORTUNEI TO DAPHNIA MAGNA

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2C) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Pham Thanh Nga
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Potential Risks

Previous studies have shown that the crude ethanol extract and its ethylacetate fraction of the plant Eupatorium fortunei Turcz strongly inhibited the growth of a harmful freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. However, the perspective of using these plant extracts as alternative algicides takes into account their potential risks to other species in aquatic ecosystems, including Daphnia magna. The current study presents the acute toxicity of the extracts to D. magna. The median lethal concentrations, immobilizing 50 % of D. magna, (LC50) after 24 and 48 h of the ethanol extract were 247 and 183 mg L-1, respectively. In the exposure to ethyl acetate fraction, the values of 24h-LC50 and 48h-LC50 were 47 and 13 mg L-1, respectively. The values of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH in the control and treatments had little change during the 48-hour experiment period, fluctuating from 6.44 ÷ 7.90 and 6.07 ÷ 7.78 mg L-1, respectively, and they were still good conditions for D.magna growth. Finally, these results prove clearly that the ethyl acetate fraction is more toxic to the freshwater cladoceran than the ethanol extract. To our knowledge, it is the first report of the acute toxic estimation of E. fortunei extracts to zooplankton species, D. magna. Chronic toxicity of these extracts to D. magna needs to be studied in next step. 

scholarly journals Alteration of acute toxicity of inorganic and methyl mercury to Daphnia magna by dietary addition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Hylton ◽  
Martin Tsz-Ki Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Body Residue

AbstractAcute toxicity of inorganic mercury [Hg(II)] and methylmercury (MeHg) to Daphnia magna was characterized using a 48-h static, non-renewal acute toxicity test, in which we compared the toxicity of Hg(II) and MeHg in the absence (water-only) and presence of diet [green alga (Raphidocelis subcapitata), yeast, Cerophyll, and trout chow (YCT), or both]. Overall, Hg(II) is more toxic to D. magna than MeHg, with 48-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) being 4.3 µg/L (95% confidence interval: 4.1–4.5 µg/L) for Hg(II) and 14.3 µg/L (13.2–15.3 µg/L) for MeHg. For Hg(II), the addition of any diet would significantly increase its 48-h LC50, but the 48-h LC50 for MeHg decreased significantly to 7.1 µg/L (6.4–7.8 µg/L) with the algal addition. We also show that the addition of diets significantly influenced the levels and speciation (dissolved vs. particulate) of both Hg forms in the test solution. The bioaccumulation of Hg(II) and MeHg was impacted by the dietary addition, and it appears that the body residue level triggering mortality varied widely among treatments. The results suggest that standard short-term toxicity tests (water-only) should be supplemented with extra tests with dietary addition to provide a more environmentally relevant estimation of short-term toxicity of chemical compounds.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of carbofuran to selected species of aquatic and terrestrial organisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dobšíková
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Water Flea ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
The World

Carbofuran is an anticholinesterase carbamate commonly used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide in agricultural practice throughout the world. The aim of the study was to investigate the acute toxicity of carbofuran to selected species of aquatic organisms (the guppy Poecilia reticulata Peters, the water flea Daphnia magna Straus and the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata Korsikov), and to a terrestrial organism (a white mustard Sinapis alba Linné). Daphnia magna Straus was found to be the most sensitive organism.    

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