scholarly journals Sensitivity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos to Hospital Effluent Compared to Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

2020 ◽  
pp. S681-S691
Author(s):  
M WITTLEROVÁ ◽  
G JÍROVÁ ◽  
A VLKOVÁ ◽  
K KEJLOVÁ ◽  
M MALÝ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri

The Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test was adopted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as OECD TG 236 in 2013. The test has been designed to determine acute toxicity of chemicals on embryonic stages of fish and proposed as an alternative method to the Fish Acute Toxicity Test performed according to OECD TG 203. In recent years fish embryos were used not only in the assessment of toxicity of chemicals but also for environmental and wastewater samples. In our study we investigated the acute toxicity of treated wastewater from seven hospitals in the Czech Republic. Our main purpose was to compare the suitability and sensitivity of zebrafish embryos with the sensitivity of two other aquatic organisms commonly used for wastewater testing – Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri. For the aim of this study, in addition to the lethal endpoints of the FET test, sublethal effects such as delayed heartbeat, lack of blood circulation, pericardial and yolk sac edema, spinal curvature and pigmentation failures were evaluated. The comparison of three species demonstrated that the sensitivity of zebrafish embryos is comparable or in some cases higher than the sensitivity of D. magna and A. fischeri. The inclusion of sublethal endpoints caused statistically significant increase of the FET test efficiency in the range of 1-12 %. Based on our results, the FET test, especially with the addition of sublethal effects evaluation, can be considered as a sufficiently sensitive and useful additional tool for ecotoxicity testing of the acute toxicity potential of hospital effluents.

scholarly journals Phenolic Profile of Herbal Infusion and Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Leaves of the Medicinal Plant Antirhea borbonica: Toxicity Assay Determination in Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4482
Author(s):  
Bryan Veeren ◽  
Batoul Ghaddar ◽  
Matthieu Bringart ◽  
Shaymaa Khazaal ◽  
Marie-Paule Gonthier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Pericardial Edema ◽  
Living Organisms

Antirhea borbonica (A. borbonica) is an endemic plant from the Mascarene archipelago in the Indian Ocean commonly used in traditional medicine for its health benefits. This study aims (1) at exploring polyphenols profiles from two types of extracts—aqueous (herbal infusion) and acetonic (polyphenol rich) extracts from A. borbonica leaves—and (2) at evaluating their potential toxicity in vivo for the first time. We first demonstrated that, whatever type of extraction is used, both extracts displayed significant antioxidant properties and acid phenolic and flavonoid contents. By using selective liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we performed polyphenol identification and quantification. Among the 19 identified polyphenols, we reported that the main ones were caffeic acid derivatives and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside. Then, we performed a Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity test to assess the toxicity of both extracts following the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines. In both zebrafish embryos and larvae, the polyphenols-rich extract obtained by acetonic extraction followed by evaporation and resuspension in water exhibits a higher toxic effect with a median lethal concentration (LC50: 5.6 g/L) compared to the aqueous extract (LC50: 20.3 g/L). Our data also reveal that at non-lethal concentrations of 2.3 and 7.2 g/L for the polyphenol-rich extract and herbal infusion, respectively, morphological malformations such as spinal curvature, pericardial edema, and developmental delay may occur. In conclusion, our study strongly suggests that the evaluation of the toxicity of medicinal plants should be systematically carried out and considered when studying therapeutic effects on living organisms.

Correlation between acute toxicity for Daphnia magna, Aliivibrio fischeri and physicochemical variables of the leachate produced in landfill simulator reactors

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (22) ◽  
pp. 2898-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
José J. Barrios Restrepo ◽  
Letícia Flohr ◽  
Silvia P. Melegari ◽  
Cristina H. da Costa ◽  
Cristiane F. Fuzinatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Physicochemical Variables ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri

STUDY OF TOXICITY AND SAFETY OF LIPOPHILIC EXTRACTS OF THE WHITE SEA BROWN ALGAE – FUCUS VESICULOSUS AND LAMINARIA SACCHARINA ON THE DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS MODEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
N. P. Podosinovikova ◽  
K. A. Krasnov ◽  
A. A. Bondarenko ◽  
M. L. Alexandrova ◽  
M. A. Zaytseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Method Of Extraction

Assessment of the acute toxicity, safety and biological activity of lipophilic extracts of the White Sea brown algae“– S. latissima and F. vesiculosus– on the model of zoohydrobionts Daphnia magna Straus has been performed.Two methods of obtaining dry lipid concentrate of kelp and fucus were tested. It has been shown that the acute toxicity of the lipid extract of kelp does not depend on the method of its preparation and is about 200 mg/L. The acute toxicity of fucus extract depends on the method of preparation. It is about 100 mg/L in the «cold» method of extraction and increases by an order of magnitude in the «hot» method. To study the biological activity, samples of brown algae obtained by «cold» extraction were used.In chronic experiments, preparations of brown algae were used in a concentration of 8.0 mg/L, which was less than 0,1 LC50 of the acute toxicity of fucus and did not cause toxic effects.For 24 days, the preparations were introduced in contact with Daphnia twice a week. Subsequently, the control and experimental hydrobionts were kept under the same conditions until the death of the last individuals. It has been shown that the preparations of S. latissima and F. vesiculosus in the proposed concentration by 20-30% increased the lifespan of Daphnia in normal conditions and by 50-60% in extreme conditions, while stimulating the reproductive activity of aquatic organisms by 3-4 times. The results obtained suggest that the studied drugs have pronounced adaptogenic and cytoprotective effects.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the acute toxicity of the herbicide atrazine to cladocerans Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Aparecida Moreira ◽  
Adrislaine da Silva Mansano ◽  
Lidiane Cristina da Silva ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Tropical Freshwaters ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

AIM: In this study we compared the sensitivity of three species of Cladocera, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera, to the commercial product of the herbicide Atrazine, the Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (500 g/L), widely used on crops in Brazil. METHODS: Acute toxicity tests were performed at the nominal atrazine concentrations 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36 and 72 mg L-1, on C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera and at 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36, 72 and 144 mg L-1 on D. magna. The range of concentrations tested was established in a series of preliminary tests. RESULTS: The toxicity tests showed that the two species naturally occurring in water bodies in Brazil were more susceptible than Daphnia magna. The effective concentrations of Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (EC50- 48 h) to the species M. flabelligera, C. silvestrii and D. magna were 12.37 ± 2.67 mg L-1, 14.30 ± 1.55 mg L-1 and 50.41 ± 2.64 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, when EC50 observed here for M. flabelligera and C. silvestrii were compared with published values of EC50 or LC50 (mg L-1) for various aquatic organisms exposed to atrazine, it was seen that these two cladocerans were the most sensitive to the herbicide. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results and the broad distribution of C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera in tropical and subtropical regions, it is concluded that these native species would be valuable test organisms in ecotoxicological tests, for the monitoring of toxic substances in tropical freshwaters.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of carbofuran to selected species of aquatic and terrestrial organisms

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dobšíková
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Water Flea ◽  
Raphidocelis Subcapitata ◽  
The World

Carbofuran is an anticholinesterase carbamate commonly used as an insecticide, nematicide and acaricide in agricultural practice throughout the world. The aim of the study was to investigate the acute toxicity of carbofuran to selected species of aquatic organisms (the guppy Poecilia reticulata Peters, the water flea Daphnia magna Straus and the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata Korsikov), and to a terrestrial organism (a white mustard Sinapis alba Linné). Daphnia magna Straus was found to be the most sensitive organism.    

scholarly journals Eco-Safety Assessment of Glyoxal-Containing Cellulose Ether on Freeze-Dried Microbial Strain, Cyanobacteria, Daphnia, and Zebrafish

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Beom Park ◽  
Min Ju Song ◽  
Nak Woon Choi ◽  
Sunghoon Kim ◽  
Hyun Pyo Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Cellulose Ether ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Microbial Strains

The objective of this study is to investigate the aquatic-toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether with four different glyoxal concentrations (0, 1.4, 2.3 and 6.3%) in response to global chemical regulations, e.g., European Union Classification, Labeling and Packaging (EU CLP). Tests of the aquatic-toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether on 11 freeze-dried microbial strains, Microcystis aeruginosa, Daphnia magna and zebrafish embryos were designed as an initial stage for toxicity screening, and were performed with the standardized toxicity test guidelines. Glyoxal-containing cellulose ether showed no significant toxic effects in the toxicity tests for the 11 freeze-dried microbial strains, Daphnia magna and zebrafish embryos. Alternatively, 6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether led to more than a 60% reduction of Microcystis aeruginosa growth after 7 days of exposure. Approximately 10% developmental abnormalities (e.g., bent spine) in zebrafish embryos were also observed in the group exposed to 6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether after 6 days of exposure. These results imply that <6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether results in non-toxic effects on the acute toxicity of aquatic organisms. However, ≥6.3% glyoxal-containing cellulose ether may affect the health of aquatic organisms with long-term exposure. In order to better evaluate the eco-safety of cellulosic products contained in glyoxal, further studies regarding the toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulose ether with long-term exposure are required. The results from this study allow us to evaluate the auatic-toxic effects of glyoxal-containing cellulosic products, under EU chemical regulations, on the health of aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity and responses of antioxidant systems to dibutyl phthalate in neonate and adult Daphnia magna

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Shen ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
Tianyi Wang ◽  
Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) poses a severe threat to aquatic ecosystems, introducing hazards to both aquatic species and human health. The ecotoxic effects of DBP on aquatic organisms have not been fully investigated. This study investigates acute toxicity, oxidative damage, and antioxidant enzyme parameters in neonate and adult Daphnia magna exposed to DBP. The obtained results show comparable DBP toxic responses in neonates and adults. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of DBP in neonates exposed for 24 and 48 h were 3.48 and 2.83 mg/L, respectively. The LC50 of adults for the same DBP exposure durations were 4.92 and 4.31 mg/L, respectively. Increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were found in neonates and adults at both 24 and 48 h, while the total antioxidant capacity decreased. Superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in neonates and adults exposed to 0.5 mg/L DBP, and subsequently diminished at higher DBP concentrations and prolonged exposure. Catalase and glutathione S-transferases activities both decreased markedly in neonates and adults. The changes observed were found to be time and concentration dependent. Overall, these data indicated that the acute toxic effects of DBP exposure on neonates were more pronounced than in adults, and oxidative injury may be the main mechanism of DBP toxicity. These results provide a functional link for lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme levels in the Daphnia magna response to DBP exposure.

scholarly journals Evaluation of acute toxicity of vinasse by means of Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri: a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Möritz Velásquez-Riaño ◽  
Juan Sebastían Meneses-Sánchez ◽  
Carel Elizabeth Carvajal Arias
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Standard Assay ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Abstract In the bioethanol industry, per liter of the produced alcohol 9 to 14 liters of vinasse are obtained as a byproduct. If the vinasse is directly shed into bodies of water without an adequate treatment, it may have negative effects on the existing biota and human health due to its high turbidity and color, low pH and high content of organic material. The purpose of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of vinasse by means of a rapid test with Aliivibrio fischeri and compare it with a standard immobilization assay with Daphnia magna. The standard assay of D. magna by means of its EC50 of 4.7% showed that organism was more sensitive to the contaminant, in comparison with the 69.6% obtained with the A. fischeri which suggests that it should be continuesly used as one of the organisms of first choice for the evaluation of the acute toxicity of this effluent.

RESEARCH ON THE DEGRADATION OF IVERMECTIN AND ITS ACUTE TOXICITY TO SEVEN AQUATIC ORGANISMS

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao WU ◽  
Min JIANG ◽  
Zhang-Xiao PENG ◽  
Lin HE
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms
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