scholarly journals Phylogeny and circumscription of Dasyphyllum (Asteraceae: Barnadesioideae) based on molecular data with the recognition of a new genus, Archidasyphyllum

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola de Lima Ferreira ◽  
Mariana Machado Saavedra ◽  
Milton Groppo
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Ancestral States

Dasyphyllum Kunth is the most diverse genus of the South American subfamily Barnadesioideae (Asteraceae), comprising 33 species that occur in tropical Andes, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco. Based on distribution, variation in anther apical appendages, and leaf venation pattern, it has traditionally been divided into two subgenera, namely, Archidasyphyllum and Dasyphyllum. Further, based on involucre size and capitula arrangement, two sections have been recognized within subgenus Dasyphyllum: Macrocephala and Microcephala (=Dasyphyllum). Here, we report a phylogenetic analysis performed to test the monophyly of Dasyphyllum and its infrageneric classification based on molecular data from three non-coding regions (trnL-trnF, psbA-trnH, and ITS), using a broad taxonomic sampling of Dasyphyllum and representatives of all nine genera of Barnadesioideae. Moreover, we used a phylogenetic framework to investigate the evolution of the morphological characters traditionally used to recognize its infrageneric groups. Our results show that neither Dasyphyllum nor its infrageneric classification are currently monophyletic. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, and biogeographical evidence, we propose a new circumscription for Dasyphyllum, elevating subgenus Archidasyphyllum to generic rank and doing away with the infrageneric classification. Ancestral states reconstruction shows that the ancestor of Dasyphyllum probably had acrodromous leaf venation, bifid anther apical appendages, involucres up to 18 mm in length, and capitula arranged in synflorescence.

Phylogenetic Relationships of Tovomita (Clusiaceae): Carpel Number and Geographic Distribution Speak Louder than Venation Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Lucas C. Marinho ◽  
Pedro Fiaschi ◽  
Moabe F. Fernandes ◽  
Liming Cai ◽  
Xiaoshan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Carpel Number ◽  
Genome Phylogeny ◽  
Neotropical Rainforest

Abstract—Tovomita is a Neotropical clade of Clusiaceae that includes 52 species widely distributed throughout the Amazon, Atlantic, Antilles, and Chocoan/southern Mesoamerican rainforests. Species-level relationships within Tovomita remain largely unexplored, thus hindering our understanding of their biogeography and the evolution of key morphological characters in the genus. Here, we inferred a plastid genome phylogeny containing 18 Tovomita species using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches. Our results indicate that current infrageneric classification of Tovomita, which relies largely on leaf venation, does not reflect phylogenetic relationships. Instead, we identify carpel number as a more reliable morphological trait for infrageneric classification: clades within Tovomita tend to include species that possess either four or five (or more) carpels. Moreover, groups of species within Tovomita tend to exhibit a high degree of geographic endemicity corresponding to their clade affiliation: species within these clades are restricted to either Amazon or Atlantic forests. The well supported clade of Atlantic forest inhabitants we identify is sister to a clade of mostly Amazonian species that also includes Amazon and Atlantic forest disjunct species, which are more closely related to Amazonian than to other Atlantic forest species. These findings represent a first important step in elucidating morphological evolution and biogeography in this widespread genus of neotropical rainforest trees and shrubs.

Taxonomy of the Sylvilagus brasiliensis complex in Central and South America (Lagomorpha: Leporidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1599-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A Ruedas ◽  
Sofia Marques Silva ◽  
Johnnie H French ◽  
Roy Nelson Platt ◽  
Jorge Salazar-Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Taxonomic Framework

Abstract A taxonomic framework for South American cottontail rabbits (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) was recently published by Diersing and Wilson (2017). Although we agree with some of its taxonomic conclusions (e.g., species status for S. apollinaris and S. fulvescens), we disagree with others. We provide herein evidence supporting S. andinus as a valid species based on morphological characters and novel molecular data. We also provide details of the morphological characters of S. apollinaris and S. fulvescens that support separating these from S. brasiliensis. We adduce data suggestive to the effect that—absent any type material—S. defilippi is at best a nomen dubium. Finally, we provide evidence in support of recognizing additional Neotropical species of Sylvilagus. Un esquema taxonómico para los conejos sudamericanos (Lagomorpha: Leporidae: Sylvilagus) fue recientemente publicado por Diersing y Wilson (2017). Aunque estamos de acuerdo con algunas de sus conclusiones (por ejemplo: estatus de especie válida para S. apollinaris y S. fulvescens), no estamos de acuerdo con las restantes conclusiones taxonómicas. Aportamos aquí pruebas convincentes sobre la característica naturaleza de los caracteres morfológicos y moleculares de S. andinus, pruebas que esgrimimos en apoyo de la hipótesis que esta última es una especie válida, así confirmando su escisión de S. brasiliensis. Proporcionamos detalles de los caracteres morfológicos de S. apollinaris y S. fulvescens que confirman la decisión taxonómica de asimismo separarlos de S. brasiliensis. Proporcionamos datos en aditamento que indican que a falta de cualquier material tipo para S. defilippi, este nombre es en el mejor de los casos un nomen dubium. Finalmente, ofrecemos datos y evidencia apoyando nuestras decisiones de reconocer un mayor número de especies Neotropicales de Sylvilagus que previamente se conocían.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIO RENATO BORGES ◽  
ORLANDO NECCHI JR
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Sem Analyses

South American studies on the genus Chara are relatively scarce, most consisting of floristic surveys and using only traditional morphological characters. This study is a first approach to the systematics of the genus Chara applying modern techniques (DNA sequences and oospore SEM analyses) in addition to the alpha-taxonomy investigations that have been conducted in Brazil. Twelve populations of Chara were analyzed from the midwest and southeast regions of Brazil. Sequences of three molecular markers were applied to infer phylogenies. The ultrastructure of the oospore wall and currently used morphological characters were analyzed for Chara populations. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of sequences of rbcL, ITS2, and matK were congruent in that they grouped the species in six clades, each representing one species: Chara braunii C.C. Gmelin, C. foliolosa C.L.Willdenow, C. guairensis R.Bicudo, C. haitensis M.P.J.F. Turpin, C. hydropitys H. Reichenbach and C. rusbyana M. Howe. Morphological characters, including ultrastructure of oospore wall, provided good evidences to characterize each species. Molecular data supported the recent view that some traditional infra-generic taxa (e.g. subgenus Charopsis and subsection Willdenowia) are not supported in phylogenetic analyses, whereas some species (e.g. C. foliolosa, C. haitensis, C. hydropitys and C. rusbyana previously considered as varieties and forms of C. zeylanica) were consistently distinguished in the analyses for the three molecular markers.

A novel phylogenetic group withinThozetella(Chaetosphaeriaceae): a new taxon based on morphology and DNA sequence analyses

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jeewon ◽  
S. Y.Q. Yeung ◽  
K. D. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

A new species, Thozetella pinicola , was isolated from leaf litter of Pinus elliottii Engelm. in Hong Kong. This taxon is described and compared with existing species in the genus. It occurs on the substrate as creamy white sporodochia and has short black conidiophores. Morphological characters are typical of Thozetella and it most closely resembles Thozetella falcata , Thozetella gigantea and Thozetella nivea , but may be distinguished by its distinct microawns and different conidial size. To gain further taxonomic insight into the phylogenetic relationships of our new taxon and its allies, we sequenced and analysed 6 different regions of 3 genes (ribosomal DNA and protein coding genes: RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RBP2) and β-tubulin). Resulting phylogenies are compared with existing morphological information. Molecular data support the relationship between Thozetella species and the Chaetosphaeriaceae (Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetes). In addition, we recovered a new phylogenetic lineage (or group) within the existing phylogenetic framework of Thozetella as previously proposed. In particular, there is a close association between T. pinicola and T. nivea, which is strongly supported. The affinities of these 2 newly sequenced taxa are discussed in light of morphological and molecular characters.

scholarly journals Leaf venation pattern to recognize austral South American medicinal species of “cow's hoof” ( Bauhinia L., Fabaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée H. Fortunato ◽  
Beatriz G. Varela ◽  
María A. Castro ◽  
María J. Nores
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Leaf Venation

Phylogeny, major clades and infrageneric classification of Corymbia (Myrtaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphology

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Parra-O. ◽  
Michael J. Bayly ◽  
Andrew Drinnan ◽  
Frank Udovicic ◽  
Pauline Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Taxonomic Categories

Phylogenetic relationships of sections and species within Corymbia (Myrtaceae), the bloodwood eucalypts, were evaluated by using combined analyses of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters. Combining morphological characters with molecular data provided resolution of relationships within Corymbia. The analyses supported the monophyly of the genus and recognition of the following two major clades, treated here as new subgenera: subgenus Corymbia, including informal sections recognised by Hill and Johnson (1995), namely Rufaria (red bloodwoods), Apteria and Fundoria; and subgenus Blakella, including sections Politaria (spotted gums), Cadagaria, Blakearia (paper-fruited bloodwoods or ghost gums) and Ochraria (yellow bloodwoods). Hill and Johnson’s section Rufaria is monophyletic if Apteria and Fundoria are included. It is evident that, among the red bloodwoods, series are not monophyletic and several morphological characters result from convergent evolution. There was strong morphological and molecular evidence that the three species of red bloodwoods that occur in south-western Western Australia (series Gummiferae: C. calophylla and C. haematoxylon, and series Ficifoliae: C. ficifolia) form a monophyletic group, separate from the eastern C. gummifera (series Gummiferae), which is probably sister to the clade of all other red bloodwoods. Phylogenetic results supported recognition of new taxonomic categories within Corymbia, and these are formalised here.

scholarly journals Advances in the phylogeny of the South American cool-season grass genus Chascolytrum (Poaceae, Pooideae): a new infrageneric classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 192 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Nogueira Da Silva ◽  
Liliana Essi ◽  
João Ricardo Vieira Iganci ◽  
Tatiana Teixeira De Souza-Chies
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Cool Season Grass

Abstract Chascolytrum, as currently circumscribed, includes 22–23 South American species that were previously included in nine different genera (Chascolytrum, Briza, Poidium, Calotheca, Microbriza, Gymnachne, Rhombolytrum, Lombardochloa and Erianthecium). Due to the remarkable morphological diversity, the relationships in Chascolytrum s.l. have remained poorly understood, and no infrageneric classification could be proposed based on the latest molecular phylogenetic studies. In this study, we combined molecular (GBSSI, trnL-trnL-trnF and rps16 intron) and morphological characters to investigate the phylogenetic relationships in Chascolytrum s.l. Based on this, morphologically diagnosable clades were recognized as eight sections (Calotheca, Chascolytrum, Hildaea, Lombardochloa, Microbriza, Obovatae, Poidium and Tricholemma), of which three are new and three are monospecific. We describe each section and discuss the new infrageneric classification in comparison with the previous infrageneric classification proposed for the group under the genus Briza. A taxonomic key and images for most of the species in each section are provided. Last, the use of single-copy nuclear genes and morphological data for future phylogenetic reconstructions encompassing Chascolytrum is highlighted.

Corrigendum to: Phylogeny, major clades and infrageneric classification of Corymbia (Myrtaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal DNA and morphology

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Parra-O. ◽  
Michael J. Bayly ◽  
Andrew Drinnan ◽  
Frank Udovicic ◽  
Pauline Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Taxonomic Categories

Phylogenetic relationships of sections and species within Corymbia (Myrtaceae), the bloodwood eucalypts, were evaluated by using combined analyses of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters. Combining morphological characters with molecular data provided resolution of relationships within Corymbia. The analyses supported the monophyly of the genus and recognition of the following two major clades, treated here as new subgenera: subgenus Corymbia, including informal sections recognised by Hill and Johnson (1995), namely Rufaria (red bloodwoods), Apteria and Fundoria; and subgenus Blakella, including sections Politaria (spotted gums), Cadagaria, Blakearia (paper-fruited bloodwoods or ghost gums) and Ochraria (yellow bloodwoods). Hill and Johnson's section Rufaria is monophyletic if Apteria and Fundoria are included. It is evident that, among the red bloodwoods, series are not monophyletic and several morphological characters result from convergent evolution. There was strong morphological and molecular evidence that the three species of red bloodwoods that occur in south-western Western Australia (series Gummiferae: C. calophylla and C. haematoxylon, and series Ficifoliae: C. ficifolia) form a monophyletic group, separate from the eastern C. gummifera (series Gummiferae), which is probably sister to the clade of all other red bloodwoods. Phylogenetic results supported recognition of new taxonomic categories within Corymbia, and these are formalised here.

scholarly journals How oogenesis analysis combined with DNA barcode can help to elucidate taxonomic ambiguities: a polychaete study-based approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno R. Sampieri ◽  
Tatiana M. Steiner ◽  
Priscila C. Baroni ◽  
Camila Fernanda da Silva ◽  
Marcos A. L. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Type I ◽  
South American ◽  
Polychaete Species ◽  
Tissue Organization

Abstract: Polychaetes are common in coastal and estuarine environments worldwide and constitute one of the most complex groups of marine invertebrates. The morpho-physiology of the female reproductive system (FRS) can be understood by using histological tools to describe reproductive cycle and gametogenesis paths and, among other purposes, aiming to identify and differentiate polychaete species. However, this histology-based approach is rarely combined with molecular tools, which is known to accurately delimitate species. In the same way, the description and understanding of oogenesis and vitellogenesis paths within polychaetes are lacking for most families, narrowing the range of its utility. Therefore, the present study aims to describe the oogenesis in three polychaete species common and abundant on the South American Atlantic coast (Laeonereis culveri, Scolelepis goodbodyi and Capitella biota) and investigate the utility of reproductive features and gametogenesis as a relevant associate knowledge to discriminate species, particularly useful for putative cryptic species, integrated with morphological and molecular data. In a first attempt, the results obtained herein allow the authors to describe two new subtypes of oogenesis, dividing it in extraovarian oogenesis type I and II and intraovarian type I and II. The results also demonstrate that the following histological characters of the FRS can be relevant for the separation of related species: a) oogenesis type, b) occurrence or absence of a true ovary, c) ovary tissue organization, d) type of accessory cells present, and e) oocyte morphology. Additionally, these histological features of FRS, when compared with correlated species studied under this scope, converge with the genetic data. The analysis of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcode sequences differentiates between North and South American Atlantic populations of L. culveri (16.78% genetic distance), while in S. goodbodyi and C. biota it discriminates them from their congeneric species. These results highlight the importance of multi-tool approach and shows that both FRS histology and histo-physiology, and DNA barcoding can be used to identify and discriminate cryptic species, which is usually not possible when using morphological characters. Besides, these characters may also be useful in differentiating related species, and/or geographically distinct populations among polychaetes.

scholarly journals A phylogeny of Pouteria (Sapotaceae) from Malesia and Australasia

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Triono ◽  
Anthony H. D. Brown ◽  
Judy G. West ◽  
Michael D. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Edible Fruit

The genus Pouteria Aublet is a pantropical group and many of its species produce high-quality timber and edible fruit. In 1991, on the basis of morphological characters, Pennington combined the genus Planchonella Pierre with Pouteria, expanding the latter genus to nine sections and 325 species. However, many Planchonella species were not included in his account and doubt remains about the generic limits of Pouteria sensu Pennington. This paper re-assesses the generic delimitation of Pouteria and its affinities with Planchonella from molecular data generated from the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The analysis includes 22 Planchonella species and three Pouteria species sensu van Royen collected from Malesia and Australia, and seven additional Planchonella species from New Caledonia with molecular data available from GenBank. Other genera from Sapotaceae included in the analysis were Chrysophyllum, Niemeyera, Pichonia, Pycnandra and Xantolis (tribe Chrysophylleae) and Mimusops, Palaquium and Manilkara (outgroups from other tribes). The resulting ITS cladograms from both Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses indicated that Malesian and Australasian Pouteria species are not monophyletic and comprise three separate lineages, therefore providing evidence against the broad circumscription of this genus by Pennington. Tertiary leaf venation type (reticulate, parallel or ramified), when mapped onto the phylogeny, correlated with these groupings, indicating that this character is taxonomically informative.

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