scholarly journals Leaf venation pattern to recognize austral South American medicinal species of “cow's hoof” ( Bauhinia L., Fabaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée H. Fortunato ◽  
Beatriz G. Varela ◽  
María A. Castro ◽  
María J. Nores
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Leaf Venation

scholarly journals Phylogeny and circumscription of Dasyphyllum (Asteraceae: Barnadesioideae) based on molecular data with the recognition of a new genus, Archidasyphyllum

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola de Lima Ferreira ◽  
Mariana Machado Saavedra ◽  
Milton Groppo
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
South American ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Ancestral States

Dasyphyllum Kunth is the most diverse genus of the South American subfamily Barnadesioideae (Asteraceae), comprising 33 species that occur in tropical Andes, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco. Based on distribution, variation in anther apical appendages, and leaf venation pattern, it has traditionally been divided into two subgenera, namely, Archidasyphyllum and Dasyphyllum. Further, based on involucre size and capitula arrangement, two sections have been recognized within subgenus Dasyphyllum: Macrocephala and Microcephala (=Dasyphyllum). Here, we report a phylogenetic analysis performed to test the monophyly of Dasyphyllum and its infrageneric classification based on molecular data from three non-coding regions (trnL-trnF, psbA-trnH, and ITS), using a broad taxonomic sampling of Dasyphyllum and representatives of all nine genera of Barnadesioideae. Moreover, we used a phylogenetic framework to investigate the evolution of the morphological characters traditionally used to recognize its infrageneric groups. Our results show that neither Dasyphyllum nor its infrageneric classification are currently monophyletic. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, and biogeographical evidence, we propose a new circumscription for Dasyphyllum, elevating subgenus Archidasyphyllum to generic rank and doing away with the infrageneric classification. Ancestral states reconstruction shows that the ancestor of Dasyphyllum probably had acrodromous leaf venation, bifid anther apical appendages, involucres up to 18 mm in length, and capitula arranged in synflorescence.

scholarly journals Development of Feature Extraction on Leaf Image for Medicinal Plants Identification

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S7) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
B Spline ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Leaf Image

The leaf image identification process depends on the feature extraction results. Each medicinal plant has different shapes and patterns of leaf venation. But for one type of medicinal plants have the same pattern of venation shape and pattern even though the size is different. One of the methods for extraction of leaf image form characteristics is by fractal-based feature extraction. Through fractal can be calculated the value of leaf dimensions and searched parts of leaves that have similarities between one part with other parts. As for the method of extracting the characteristics of venation pattern using B-Spline method.Benefits of research conducted is to help people identifying the types of medicinal plants found, knowing the benefits and ways of brewing. While the research contribution is prototype software application based on information technology that can be used by the people through mobile phones for the identification of medicinal plants. To identify or match the results of feature extraction on the leaf found whether included in the medicinal plant, conducted by Euclidean Distance method. In the experiments we used 1100 data consist of 55 variety of medicinal plants for each 20 samples.The experimental result show that the accuracy of identification using of fractal and b-spline is 85.30%

Comparisons of Performances and Liquid Water Distributions Within Bio-Inspired and Single-Serpentine PEM Fuel Cell Channels

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar P. Saripella ◽  
Umit O. Koylu ◽  
Ming C. Leu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
Flow Field Design

Flow field design in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells is a major area of research for performance improvement. Bio-inspired flow field designs are a relatively recent development in fuel cell technology evolution. These novel designs have potential for performance improvements by effective distribution of reactant gases with better water management capabilities. This work investigates the performance and water distribution in a bio-inspired flow field design, formulated using Murray’s law and mimicking a typical leaf venation pattern, in comparison to a conventional single serpentine design. Experiments were conducted using a transparent fuel cell with copper as the conductive channel and current collector. The results indicated the superior performance of the bio-inspired design with a 30% increase in peak power density in comparison to the single serpentine design. Additionally, the flow regimes based on two-phase flows in micro channels were identified and their effects on fuel cell stability were determined.

Secretory duct distribution and leaf venation patterns of Aldama species (Asteraceae) and their application in taxonomy

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1161-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arinawa Liz Filartiga ◽  
Vanessa Bassinello ◽  
Gustavo Mortean Filippi ◽  
Aline Bertolosi Bombo ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Secretory Duct

Features of leaf morphology such as secretory duct distribution and venation patterns are important taxonomical tools; however, some species can have variation in these traits. This study evaluates whether the secretory duct distribution in the midrib and venation is similar across different leaves of 17 Aldama species. Six fully expanded leaves (three each of the largest and smallest size) from five distinct plants were selected to analyze the duct distribution. The samples were histologically examined, and the quantitative data were statistically analyzed. The venation pattern was analyzed in five fully expanded leaves of different plants. In all, 23 secretory duct distribution patterns were identified; they showed intra- and inter-species variations except in Aldama anchusifolia (DC.) E.E.Schill. & Panero and A. trichophylla (Dusén) Magenta. The largest number of ducts was not correlated with leaf and midrib dimensions (width and length). Further, Aldama venation could be divided into two groups: (1) pinnate camptodromous brochidodromous type (four species), and (2) acrodromous venation type and its basal and suprabasal variations (13 species). Thus, distinct secretory duct arrangements of the midrib might assist in the discrimination of Aldama species. The venation patterns were also important for distinguishing the majority of species selected.

TDIF overexpression in poplars retards internodal elongation and enhances leaf venation through interaction with other phytohormones

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yue ◽  
Heyu Yang ◽  
Shaohui Yang ◽  
Jiehua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Tracheary Element ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Vein Formation ◽  
Internodal Elongation ◽  
Cle Peptide ◽  
Poplar Leaves

Abstract As a member of the CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-related (CLE) peptide family, tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF) plays crucial roles in vascular meristem maintenance by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting xylem cell differentiation. In Populus trichocarpa, six TDIF-encoding genes are all expressed in vascular tissues, and in Arabidopsis PtTDIFpro:GUS lines, the expression driven by PtTDIF promoters were predominantly detected in stem vascular bundles, initiating leaves and leaf veins. Although exogenous application of two poplar TDIF peptides did not evidently affect the shoot growth in vitro, overexpression of PtTDIF genes in hybrid poplar severely retarded the internodal elongation by upregulating the expression of GA2ox and GA20ox genes and thus decreasing the level of endogenous gibberellins (GAs), which phenotypic defect could be rescued by exogenously applied GA3. In addition, TDIF overexpression unexpectedly induced a more complex venation pattern in poplar leaves, which was underpinned by the elevated expression of WOX4 and WOX13 genes. Upon TDIF treatment, the DR5:GUS poplar leaves revealed a higher GUS activity and in TDIF-overexpressing leaves, the transcript abundances of several PIN-FORMED (PIN) genes, especially that of PIN1, were increased, which implied an integration of TDIF and auxin in mediating this process. Collectively, data of this work presented novel activities of TDIF involved in internode elongation and leaf vein formation, thus revealing the divergent functions of TDIF in perennial tree species from those in annual herbaceous Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Venation studies of some species in the genus Ficus Linn. in Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10760
Author(s):  
Adebisi A. AKINLABI ◽  
Olaniran T. OLADIPO
Keyword(s):  
Digital Camera ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Venation Pattern ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

The present study investigates the venation of ten species of the genus Ficus collected from Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife (latitude 7° 31' 14.7612'' N and longitude 4° 31' 49.1340'' E) and the NACGRAB, Ibadan, Nigeria (latitude 7°23¢4²N and longitude 3°50¢31²E). The leaf venations of the species were carried out using standard methods. All photomicrographs of the features were taken with the aid of Amscope digital camera mounted on a celesterone binocular microscope. All data were subjected of analysis of variance using SAS software. The result revealed the Leaf venation pattern based on areole shape, length and width, veinlets ending and trichomes. The leaf venation patterns of the species show that they are significant in identifying and delimiting studied species within the genus with respect to qualitative and quantitative data. Species specific variation were recorded for the venation patterns as areole shape, length and width, veinlets ending and trichomes and these features are either genetically fixed or as a result of environmental extremes. Presence of cystolith cells, trichomes and no veinlets ending is diagnostic of Ficus mucuso. The study concluded that venation patterns are therefore significant in delimitation of species in the genus Ficus and these characters can be employed as additional information in the existing taxonomical keys of the genus.

scholarly journals Eocene “Chusquea” fossil from Patagonia is a conifer, not a bamboo

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wilf
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
New Combination ◽  
South American ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Leaf Venation ◽  
Holotype Specimen ◽  
Fossil Site ◽  
Transfusion Tissue ◽  
Disjunct Genus

Chusquea oxyphylla Freng. & Parodi, 1941, a fossilized leafy branch from the early Eocene (52 Ma), late-Gondwanan Laguna del Hunco biota of southern Argentina, is still cited as the oldest potential bamboo fossil and as evidence for a Gondwanan origin of bamboos. On recent examination, the holotype specimen was found to lack any typical bamboo characters such as nodes, sheaths, ligules, pseudopetioles, or parallel leaf venation. Instead, it has decurrent, clasping, univeined, heterofacially twisted leaves with thickened, central-longitudinal bands of presumed transfusion tissue. These and other features allow confident placement in the living Neotropical and West Pacific disjunct genus Retrophyllum (Podocarpaceae), which was recently described from the same fossil site based on abundant, well-preserved material. However, the 1941 fossil holds nomenclatural priority, requiring the new combination Retrophyllum oxyphyllum (Freng. & Parodi) Wilf, comb. nov. No reliable bamboo fossils remain from Gondwana, and the oldest South American bamboo fossils are Pliocene. Chusquea joins a growing list of living New World genera that are no longer included in Paleogene Patagonian floras, whose extant relatives are primarily concentrated in Australasia and Malesia via the ancient Gondwanan route through Antarctica.

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