scholarly journals Environmental modulation of the proteomic profiles from closely phylogenetically related populations of the red seaweed Plocamium brasiliense

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Calegario ◽  
Lucas Freitas ◽  
Eidy Santos ◽  
Bruno Silva ◽  
Louisi Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Profile ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Plocamium Brasiliense

The genus Plocamium encompasses seaweeds that are widely distributed throughout the world’s oceans, with Plocamium brasiliense found along the tropical and subtropical coasts of the Western Atlantic. This wide distribution can lead to structured populations due to environmental differences (e.g., light levels or temperature), restricted gene flow, and the presence of cryptic species. Abiotic variation can also affect gene expression, which consequently leads to differences in the seaweeds protein profile. This study aimed to analyze the genetic and proteomic profiles of P. brasiliense sampled in two geographically distinct sites on the coastline of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil: Arraial do Cabo (P1) and Búzios (P2). The genetic profiles of macroalgal specimens from these two sites were indistinguishable as assessed by the markers UPA/23S, rbcL, and COI-5P; however, the protein profiles varied significantly between populations from the two sites. At both sites the ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was the most abundant protein found in P. brasiliense specimens. The number of phycobiliproteins differed between both sites with the highest numbers being found at P1, possibly due to water depth. The differences in proteomic profiles of the two nearly identical populations of P. brasiliense suggest that environmental parameters such as light availability and desiccation might induce distinct protein expression, probably as a result of the phenotypic plasticity within this population of seaweed.

Light availability and soil compaction influence the growth of underplanted Nothofagus following partial shelterwood harvest and soil scarification

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Soto ◽  
Pablo J. Donoso ◽  
Christian Salas ◽  
Klaus J. Puettmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Heavy Machinery ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Nothofagus Dombeyi

We evaluated effects of topsoil scarification by heavy machinery on growth of two valuable, shade-intolerant tree species — Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Oerst. (evergreen and considered to be very plastic to different soil fertility levels) and Nothofagus alpina (Poepp. & Endl.) Oerst. (deciduous and considered to be sensitive to soil fertility) — seedlings that were underplanted in Nothofagus old-growth forests, which were subjected to shelterwood cuttings without the final cut in the Chilean Andes. We compared tree basal diameter growth as it responds to light availability and soil compaction (as measured by resistance to penetration) by fitting a growth model based on the Michaelis–Menten equation. Predicted growth of N. dombeyi was greater than N. alpina in high and low light levels; however, there were no significant differences between the species. Both species showed significant differences at high levels of penetration resistance (>2000 kPa). Differences for N. dombeyi occurred above ∼40% in total light, and differences occurred for N. alpina above ∼20% in total light. However, they were not different when compared at low and intermediate levels of penetration resistance. The results suggest that partial shelterwood cuts may provide adequate light levels to achieve appropriate growth of underplanted Nothofagus seedlings. However, if regeneration of N. alpina is desired, scarification of topsoil needs to be implemented with more caution in canopy openings, as traffic and soil removal by heavy machinery can have detrimental effects on growth of this species and other species that are more sensitive to soil compaction.

Phytoplankton functional groups response to environmental parameters in Muling River basin of northeast China

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Xu Sun ◽  
Patteson Chula Mwagona ◽  
Isaac Ekyamba Shabani ◽  
Wenjiu Hou ◽  
Xiaoyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Seasonal Succession ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Phytoplankton Functional Groups

The present study was carried out in the biggest tributary of Ussuri River of boundary between China and Russia. The Muling River basin has undergone a long-term dredging works, and waterbody became seriously turbid. The succession of phytoplankton functional groups succession and environmental factors in the river were sampled in 2015. We totally identified 83 species, belonging to 17 functional groups which 5 were predominant, including group F, M, MP, P and Y. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton functional groups was M/P-F/MP/P-MP/P. Results of Spearman correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that phytoplankton functional groups were mainly influenced by nutrient concentrations and light availability including total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−–N), N:P ratio (N:P), water depth (D) and transparency (SD) in the basin.

Are resources allocated differently to symbiosis and reproduction in Geranium sylvaticum under different light conditions?

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarkko Korhonen ◽  
Minna-Maarit Kytöviita ◽  
Pirkko Siikamäki
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Light ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Dark Septate Fungi

Light levels under the forest canopy are low and generally limit plant photosynthetic gains. We hypothesized that in low-light habitats, plant photosynthate acquisition is too low to allow the same magnitude of resource allocation to symbiosis and reproduction as in high-light habitats. We tested this hypothesis in a field study where Geranium sylvaticum L. plants were collected on three occasions during the growing season from shade and light habitats. In addition, we investigated the relationship between mycorrhizal colonization level and soil nutrient levels in shade and high-light habitats over a growing season. We found that light availability affects resource allocation in G. sylvaticum. Plants were intensively colonized with both arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate fungi, and the colonization intensities of these two different groups of fungi correlated positively with each other. In comparison with high-light meadows, mycorrhizal colonization levels were as high or higher in low-light forest habitats, but plants produced fewer flowers. This indicates that allocation to symbiosis was of higher priority than allocation to reproduction in low light. Seed size was not affected by light levels and did not correlate with fungal colonization levels. We found no relationship between fungal colonization levels and soil characteristics.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza, dark septate fungi, Geranium sylvaticum, reproduction, shade.

scholarly journals BLACK ALDER DOMINATED FOREST VEGETATION IN THE WESTERN PART OF CENTRAL SLOVAKIA – SPECIES COMPOSITION AND ECOLOGY

Hacquetia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Richard Hrivnák ◽  
Jaroslav Košťál ◽  
Michal Slezák ◽  
Anna Petrášová ◽  
Melánia Feszterová
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Black Alder

Abstract In some regions of Slovakia, black alder forest vegetation has not been documented appropriately yet. This paper is the first vegetation study presenting the phytosociological data and measured environmental parameters from the western part of central Slovakia. The data set was classified by using a modified TWINSPAN algorithm, which allowed us to discern floristically and ecologically distinctive plant communities. They correspond to the associations Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae Lohmeyer 1957 (riparian alder vegetation on mesic to humid sites along small brooks) and Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae Scamoni 1935 (eutrophic black alder carr forests in the colline zone) with the variants of Ligustrum vulgare and Galium palustre. The community Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae Schwickerath 1933 (mesotrophic to eutrophic alder carr vegetation growing on permanently waterlogged soils), documented only with two phytosociological relevés, was distinguished following expert knowledge. A floristic and ecological pattern of these associations is presented. The major compositional gradients were interpreted based on Ellenberg’s indicator values and the values of environmental variables recorded during the field sampling in the growing season 2011. The principal component analysis revealed the importance of soil moisture, light availability, portion of open water and soil surface for species composition variability at the association level, whereas the variants of Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae were sorted along the acidity gradient.

Genetic diversity among populations of the Western Atlantic mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae): evidence for panmixia and useful data for future management and conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel C Buranelli ◽  
Darryl L Felder ◽  
Fernando L Mantelatto
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Expansion ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Ucides Cordatus ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Future Management

Abstract The mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) is a keystone species in mangroves, and recent changes in population sizes have been attributed primarily to overharvest, selective capture, and loss of habitat due to destruction of mangroves. We analyzed genetic variability and phylogeographic pattern among populations of U. cordatus along the western Atlantic coast in order to document levels of genetic differentiation, aiming to provide data to be used in future management and conservation strategies. MtDNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was analyzed and compared among populations. We computed a haplotype network, haplotype and nucleotide diversities, index of fixation, Mantel test, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), neutrality tests, and pairwise mismatch distributions under the sudden expansion model of demographic expansion; Maximum likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction was also undertaken for the haplotypes found. We found no geographic structure and no significant indication for restricted gene flow between populations from sites along a distance of 12,000 km, indicating that sampled individuals currently represent a single panmictic population. Demographic results revealed demographic expansion along the evolutionary history of U. cordatus, probably related to climatic biogeographic events. Although there is no current evidence of any substantial genetic break or of demographic reduction between the western Atlantic populations that we investigated, the genetic signal of regional population depletion warrants future monitoring in the course of resource management.

Phylogeographic structuring of the amphidromous shrimp Atya scabra (Crustacea, Decapoda, Atyidae) unveiled by range-wide mitochondrial DNA sampling

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio M. C. A. Oliveira ◽  
Mariana Terossi ◽  
Fernando L. Mantelatto
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Haplotype Networks ◽  
Dna Sampling

Species with biological traits favourable to long-distance marine larval dispersal might show a phylogeographic structuring over broad regions, even when they are genetically connected within smaller scales. Here, we evaluated this hypothesis by using the widespread amphidromous shrimp Atya scabra, predicting a genetic discontinuity across biogeographical barriers throughout the Western Gulf of Mexico (WGM), Caribbean Sea (CS), south-western Atlantic (SWA) and eastern Atlantic (EA). Using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and 16S ribosomal unit (16S) gene fragments, we did a phylogeographic assessment and genetic characterisation with Bayesian clustering, AMOVA, haplotype networks and demographic analyses. As predicted, three discrete genetic groups, corresponding to the regions WGM, CS and EA, were uncovered by COI, as well an unpredicted SWA+CS group. The 16S fragment detected a low genetic variation, probably owing to a recent lineage differentiation, which was estimated by the COI molecular clock. We evaluated the role of the biological traits of A. scabra, as well as the consequences of Panama Isthmus closure and Pleistocene glaciation cycles in the lineage isolation of WGM and EA, as well as the genetic connectivity shown within regions and between CS and SWA. Our results highlighted that amphidromous species genetically connected over large scales should be genetically characterised in their wide distribution to provide more comprehensive systematics and to assist decision-making in biological conservation.

Effects of shading on seagrass morphology and thermal optimal of productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunice Kong ◽  
Yan Xiang Ow ◽  
Samantha Lai ◽  
Siti Maryam Yaakub ◽  
Peter Todd
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Reduced Light

Light and temperature are important factors affecting seagrass primary productivity. Acclimatisation to reduced light availability may affect the optimal temperature at which seagrasses photosynthesise, potentially causing synergistic effects between increasing water temperatures and decreasing light levels on coastal productivity. This study investigated the effects of reduced light availability on the morphology (leaf size, shoot density) and thermal optimal of net productivity in Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook. A 12-week in situ shading experiment was conducted at Chek Jawa Wetlands, Singapore, testing high (68% shading), low (49%) and control (0%) shadings. Every 4 weeks, photosynthetic and respiration rates of H. ovalis leaves and the root–rhizome complex were measured in closed incubation chambers at temperatures from 22 to 42°C (at 4°C intervals). A fitted temperature-response model of net photosynthesis was used to estimate the thermal optimal for each shading treatment. High shading reduced shoot density (mean±s.e.) 87.06±7.86% and leaf surface area 31.72±24.74%. Net productivity (6mg O2 g–1 DW h–1) and its thermal optimal (28–30°C) were not significantly different among shading treatments throughout the experiment. Light levels appeared to have minimal influence on the thermal dependency of H. ovalis net productivity.

scholarly journals Restoration of European yew (Taxus baccata L.) in Mediterranean mountains: importance of seedling nursery fertilization and post-planting light levels

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. e041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan L. Nicolás Peragón ◽  
Luis F. Benito Matias ◽  
Jaime Puértolas Simón
Keyword(s):  
Light Availability ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Deep Shade ◽  
Mediterranean Mountains

<p><em>Aim of the study:</em> We studied the influence of nursery fertilization and post-planting light environment on the growth and survival of out-planted two-year-old yew (<em>Taxus baccata</em>) seedlings.</p><p><em>Area of study:</em> Post-planting performance was assessed at two sites in the Valsain Forest (Central Mountain Range, Segovia, Spain).</p><p><em>Materials and Methods:</em> Seedlings were grown using the same seed-lot, container type and fertirrigation schedule. A soluble fertilizer with two contrasting doses resulting in 239 and 376 mg N per seedling was applied during the whole culture period. Seedlings grown under the highest level of fertilization had greater root collar diameter, height, shoot to root ratio, root and shoot mass, and root growth potential before planting. Post-planting performance was assessed at two sites in the Valsain Forest (Central Mountain Range, Segovia, Spain). In each site, seedlings from both fertilization treatments were planted in three plots with contrasting light environment (full sunlight, and under <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> stands with moderate and deep shade conditions). Survival, diameter and height growth were monitored for six years.</p><p><em>Main results:</em> Nursery fertilization did not affect survival, but high fertilization enhanced post-planting growth. Survival was highest under deep shade conditions but growth in this microsite was lower than in higher light sites, revealing a trade-off for survival and growth across light levels.</p><p><em>Research highlights:</em> The lower fertilization rate used in this study was suitable to produce seedlings with acceptable quality. Planting under shaded conditions (light availability&lt;30%) is recommended to maximize the initial success of yew plantations in Mediterranean mountains.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Taxus baccata</em>; plant quality; field growth; survival; reforestation.</p>

scholarly journals Variability in leaf and crown morphology correlated with light availability in five natural populations of Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babaei Fariba ◽  
Jalali Seyed Gholamali ◽  
Sohrabi Hormoz ◽  
Shirvany Anoshirvan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Crown Morphology

In this study, we investigate seedlings of Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Mey, from five different provenances for the research on leaf and crown morphological variations in relation to a light gradient under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. The results show that significant variations occurred in many parameters due to the effects of light availability. The seedling responses to low light include the proportional allocation of more biomass to leaves, leading to higher leaf mass, leaf area, crown area, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio, in contrast, the seedlings grown in high irradiance faced a high temperature resulting in higher transpiration. At this period, seedlings alter their leaf and crown size to prevent overheating. In this experiment, in spite of the same treatments in controlled conditions in a greenhouse, the seedlings from different provenances indicate different responses to light levels. It seems that the seedlings try to maximize their surface area for the intake of light as the most limiting resource in wet provenances. Such responses under the same treatment are adaptive strategies which allow oak seedlings to have the best function under stressed conditions. For Q. castaneifolia as a species with broad fundamental niches in Hyrcanian forests, these variations may be achieved by a combination of genotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity.

Temporal and spatial variability of the potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in a eutrophic estuary (Sea of Marmara)

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyfettin Tas ◽  
Nina Lundholm
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Golden Horn ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial and temporal variability and bloom formation of the potentially toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. was investigated weekly to monthly from October 2009 to October 2010 in a eutrophic estuary, the Golden Horn. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were detected in 195 of 512 samples (38%) collected throughout the year. Two species, P. calliantha and P. pungens, were identified based on the SEM examination. Blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia occurred in the lower and middle estuary in January and May. The bloom in January mainly comprised P. calliantha. In the bloom in early May, P. calliantha made up 72% of the Pseudo-nitzschia cells and P. pungens 28%. However, the contribution of P. pungens increased to 83% in late May. The Pseudo-nitzschia blooms occurred at low temperature (9–15°C) and moderate salinity (17–18), and for P. calliantha a significant negative correlation was found with temperature and a significant positive correlation with salinity. The percentage of Pseudo-nitzschia cells decreased gradually from lower to upper estuary (59–14%), correlating with a decrease in Secchi depth (5.5–0.5 m). Principal components analyses (PCA) were used to explore the spatial and temporal variability of environmental factors in relation to Pseudo-nitzschia abundances, and showed that NH4, pH, Secchi depth and DO values were the most important factors reflecting spatial differences, while temperature, salinity, Chl-a and Si:N were more important factors showing temporal differences. High abundances of P. pungens correlated mainly with pH, Secchi depth and DO values, whereas P. calliantha also correlated with NO3 + NO2. Low light availability due to high concentrations of suspended material and very variable environmental conditions (e.g. pH, DO and NH4) may have limited growth of Pseudo-nitzschia in the upper estuary. Regular monitoring of Pseudo-nitzschia is important for improving the understanding of the influence of environmental parameters on bloom dynamics in the study area.

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