scholarly journals Effects of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection on egg production and the immune response of the laying duck Anas platyrhynchos

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Tiantian Gu ◽  
Qi Xu ◽  
Guoqiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Immune Genes

Persistent colonization of the avian reproductive tract by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) negatively affects egg production and contaminates the egg. The immune function of the ovary and oviduct is essential for protection from infection and for the production of wholesome eggs. However, the immune response of laying ducks during SE infection is not well-understood. In this study, ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were infected with SE and were systematically monitored for fecal shedding during a 13-week period. We also assessed bacterial distribution in the reproductive tract and classified infected ducks as resistant or susceptible based on the presence of tissue lesions and on SE isolation from fecal samples. We found that infected animals had persistent, but intermittent, bacterial shedding that resulted in the induction of carrier ducks. Laying rate and egg quality were also decreased after SE infection (P < 0.05). SE readily colonized the stroma, small follicle, isthmus, and vagina in the reproductive tracts of susceptible ducks. Immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels were higher in susceptible ducks compared with resistant birds (P < 0.05); T-lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) displayed the opposite trend. qRT-PCR analysis was used to examine expression profiles of immune response genes in the reproductive tract of infected ducks. The analysis revealed that immune genes, including toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4-5, TLR15, TLR21), NOD-like receptors (NOD1, NLRX1, NLRP12), avian β-defensins (AvβD4-5, AvβD7, AvβD12), cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ), and MyD88 were markedly upregulated in the reproductive tracts of SE-infected ducks (all P < 0.05); TLR3, TLR7, NLRC3, NLRC5, and TNF-α were significantly downregulated. These results revealed that SE infection promoted lower egg production and quality, and altered the expression of TLRs, NLRs, AvβDs, and cytokine family genes. These findings provide a basis for further investigation of the physiological and immune mechanisms of SE infection in laying ducks.

scholarly journals Virulence and Metabolic Characteristics of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains with DifferentsefDVariants in Hens

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (18) ◽  
pp. 6405-6412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Morales ◽  
Jean Guard ◽  
Roxana Sanchez-Ingunza ◽  
Devendra H. Shah ◽  
Mark Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metabolic Properties

ABSTRACTSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis is one of a fewSalmonella entericaserotypes that has SEF14 fimbriae encoded by thesefoperon, which consists of 4 cotranscribed genes,sefABCD, regulated bysefR. A parental strain was used to construct asefDmutant and its complement, and all 3 strains were compared for gene expression, metabolic properties, and virulence characteristics in hens. Transcription ofsefDby wild type was suppressed at 42°C and absent for the mutant under conditions where the complemented mutant had 103times higher transcription. Growth of the complemented mutant was restricted in comparison to that of the mutant and wild type. Hens infected with the wild type and mutant showed decreased blood calcium and egg production, but infection with the complemented mutant did not. Thus, the absence ofsefDcorrelated with increased metabolic capacity and enhanced virulence of the pathogen. These results suggest that any contribution thatsefDmakes to egg contamination is either unknown or would be limited to early transmission from the environment to the host. Absence ofsefD, either through mutation or by suppression of transcription at the body temperature of the host, may contribute to the virulence ofSalmonella entericaby facilitating growth on a wide range of metabolites.

scholarly journals Antigen distribution of TMUV and GPV are coincident with the expression profiles of CD8α-positive cells and goose IFNγ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Shun Chen ◽  
Mingshu Wang ◽  
Renyong Jia ◽  
Dekang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract Both Tembusu virus (TMUV) and goose parvovirus (GPV) are causative agents of goose disease. However, the host immune response of the goose against these two different categories of virus has not been well documented. Here, we compared the clinical symptoms and pathological characteristics, antigen distribution and intensity, and expression of immune-related genes in TMUV- and GPV- infected goose. The immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that GPV was primarily located in the liver, lung, small intestine, and rectum, while TMUV was situated in the liver, brain, spleen, and small intestine. The induction of IFNγ and proinflammatory cytokines is highly associated with the distribution profiles of antigen and CD8α+ molecules. The effector function of CD8 T cells may be accomplished by the secretion of IFNγ together with high expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1 and IL6. Remarkably, significant increases in the transcription of immune genes were observed after infection, which suggested that both GPV and TMUV can effectively induce immune response in goose PMBCs. This study will provide fundamental information for goose molecular immunology in defending against pandemic viruses.

scholarly journals Chicken innate immune response to oral infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Matulova ◽  
Karolina Varmuzova ◽  
Frantisek Sisak ◽  
Hana Havlickova ◽  
Vladimir Babak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Oral Infection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis

scholarly journals Royal Jelly Improves the Morphology of the Reproductive Tract, Internal Egg Quality, and Blood Biochemical Parameters in Laying Hens at the Late Stage of Production

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany ◽  
Mohamed Abdo Nassan ◽  
Ayman S. Salah
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Egg Production Rate

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of royal jelly (RJ) on the morphology of the reproductive tract, egg production, and blood biochemical indices of aged laying hens. In total, 120 Lohman Brown laying hens at week 58 of age were randomly assigned into three equal groups. Pure RJ was dissolved in distilled water and injected subcutaneously as follows: the first treatment (R1; 100 mg RJ kg−1); the second treatment (R2; 200 mg RJ kg−1); the control treatment (CON; 1 mL distilled water). Both RJ-treated groups exhibited a significantly higher number of large yellow follicles (LYFs), small yellow follicles (SYFs), and large white follicles (LWFs) (p ˂ 0.05). Furthermore, RJ treatment significantly increased the diameter and weight of the F1 follicles. However, only the R2 group exhibited significantly greater ovary and uterus weights. RJ treatment did not affect the percentage of oviduct and weight of ovarian stroma. In addition, RJ increased the hen–day egg production rate compared with the CON group; however, only the R2 group showed greater egg weight (p = 0.032). RJ treatment also improved the albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk index. The administration of RJ significantly decreased the serum glucose, but increased the levels of serum albumen and cholesterol. In conclusion, RJ treatment may improve the morphology of the reproductive tract (including follicular growth and oviduct morphology), egg production rate, and internal egg quality traits of aged laying hens.

scholarly journals Microarray-Based Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Genes Involved in Chicken Reproductive Tract Colonization

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (24) ◽  
pp. 7710-7716 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Raspoet ◽  
C. Appia-Ayme ◽  
N. Shearer ◽  
A. Martel ◽  
F. Pasmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Library Screen ◽  
Chicken Oviduct

ABSTRACTSalmonella entericaserovar Enteritidis has developed the potential to contaminate table eggs internally, by colonization of the chicken reproductive tract and internalization in the forming egg. The serotype Enteritidis has developed mechanisms to colonize the chicken oviduct more successfully than other serotypes. Until now, the strategies exploited bySalmonellaEnteritidis to do so have remained largely unknown. For that reason, a microarray-based transposon library screen was used to identify genes that are essential for the persistence ofSalmonellaEnteritidis inside primary chicken oviduct gland cellsin vitroand inside the reproductive tractin vivo. A total of 81 genes with a potential role in persistence in both the oviduct cells and the oviduct tissue were identified. Major groups of importance include theSalmonellapathogenicity islands 1 and 2, genes involved in stress responses, cell wall, and lipopolysaccharide structure, and the region-of-difference genomic islands 9, 21, and 40.

scholarly journals Activation of the Host Immune Response in Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Induced by Serratia marcescens Bizio

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 983
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Wang ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Fang Tang ◽  
Meng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Cecropin A ◽  
Apoptosis Pathways ◽  
New Ideas

Host–pathogen interactions are essential to our understanding of biological pesticides. Hyphantria cunea (Drury) is an important forest pest worldwide. The immune mechanism of the interaction between H. cunea and Serratia marcescens Bizio (SM1) is unclear. First, transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis described the H. cunea immune response to SM1. A total of 234 immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found. Many immune regulatory genes in three classical pathways were found. Antimicrobial peptides, including attacin B, cecropin A, gloverin, lebocin and diapausin, are involved in defending against SM1 challenge, and are mainly produced by Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) pathways. Some melanization genes were changed in H. cunea, which suggested that H. cunea melanization was activated by SM1. Furthermore, phagocytosis, autophagolysosome and apoptosis pathways in cellular immunity were activated in H. cunea against SM1. Finally, the expression patterns of 10 immune genes were analyzed systematically by qRT-PCR, and most of the genes were upregulated compared to the control. Our studies provide useful information about the immune response of H. cunea under the stress of SM1, which is important to understand how SM1 affects the immune system of H. cunea and provides new ideas to control H. cunea by using SM1.

Environmental contamination and detection of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in laying flocks

2001 ◽  
Vol 149 (23) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Davies ◽  
M. Breslin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Free Range

Faecal, dust and other environmental samples were collected from the floors, droppings belts, egg-collection systems and other areas of 14 cage-layer flocks, 10 barn egg production flocks and seven free-range flocks, and cultured for Salmonella species. The distribution of the organism varied with its prevalence and with the vaccination status of the birds. No one sample type was found to be suitable for identifying all contaminated houses. Salmonella was also frequently found on egg-packing equipment and in samples from rodents and wild birds.

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