scholarly journals Antigen distribution of TMUV and GPV are coincident with the expression profiles of CD8α-positive cells and goose IFNγ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Shun Chen ◽  
Mingshu Wang ◽  
Renyong Jia ◽  
Dekang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract Both Tembusu virus (TMUV) and goose parvovirus (GPV) are causative agents of goose disease. However, the host immune response of the goose against these two different categories of virus has not been well documented. Here, we compared the clinical symptoms and pathological characteristics, antigen distribution and intensity, and expression of immune-related genes in TMUV- and GPV- infected goose. The immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that GPV was primarily located in the liver, lung, small intestine, and rectum, while TMUV was situated in the liver, brain, spleen, and small intestine. The induction of IFNγ and proinflammatory cytokines is highly associated with the distribution profiles of antigen and CD8α+ molecules. The effector function of CD8 T cells may be accomplished by the secretion of IFNγ together with high expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL1 and IL6. Remarkably, significant increases in the transcription of immune genes were observed after infection, which suggested that both GPV and TMUV can effectively induce immune response in goose PMBCs. This study will provide fundamental information for goose molecular immunology in defending against pandemic viruses.

scholarly journals Impact of Ringer’s Solution Challenge Stress to Immunostimulatory Experiment, Insights From Japanese Flounder

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiang Liu ◽  
Zan Li ◽  
Yujue Wang ◽  
Quanqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Japanese Flounder ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
The Impact

Ringer’s or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution buffer usually was used as dilution butter in intraperitoneal injection. Stress could activate immune response, inflammatory response and glycogen metabolic process. The impact of solution buffer as a stressor to immune system was ignored in immunostimulatory experiment. In this report, we tested the hypothesis that the innate immune response and glycogen metabolic process were altered when it were challenged with Ringer’s in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). RNA-seq was performed after challenge with Ringer’s at 8 h and 48 h. The data revealed that the expression profiles of blood, gill, and kidney were significantly changed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and energy metabolic and immune-related genes were up-regulated or down-regulated obviously. GO and KEGG analyses showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in innate immune terms and pathways. Weighted gene co-expression networks analysis (WGCNA) also indicated the highest association module with stress. A total of 16 genes were detected in the gray module, which were immune-related and metabolic-related genes. These results provided fundamental information on intraperitoneal injection with solution buffer. It offered useful clues to further explore the functional mechanism of stress and immunity.

Analysis of Immune Gene Expression in Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Immunized with Inactivated Vaccine against Similar Damselfish Virus 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sivasankar ◽  
K. Riji John ◽  
M. Rosalind George ◽  
M. Mohamed Mansoor ◽  
P. Magesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Viral Vaccine ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Background: Control of viral disease outbreaks in aquaculture and minimizing the loss of production can be achieved by development of effective vaccines. Efficacy of these vaccines can be improved by using adjuvants, immunostimulants or vaccine carriers. In this study, inactivated similar damselfish virus (SRDV) vaccine was prepared and expression profiles of immune related genes against virus challenge of the vaccine were investigated in seabass (Lates calcarifer). Methods: Formalin-inactivated virus vaccine was developed to assess its immune responses to SRDV challenge in fish. The immune response was induced by intra-peritoneal injection with inactivated viral vaccine added Quil-A® adjuvant. The transcriptional levels of immune genes IRF-7 and IL-10 were evaluated in the spleen and kidney of seabass from different groups by quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays. Result: Expression profiles of both genes (IRF-7 and IL-10) in the kidney and spleen of seabass immunized with vaccine added adjuvant were up-regulated at 48 hpi of the virus. In comparison, spleen of seabass immunized with vaccine added adjuvant showed highest expression profiles than kidney. The current study provides evidence for the presence of expression profiles of immune-related genes during the SRDV infection. The study also strongly suggests that Quil-A® adjuvant enhances the immune response of the vaccine candidates.

scholarly journals Effects of In Vivo Gluten Challenge on PBMC Gene Expression Profiles in Diet Treated Celiac Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawit A. Yohannes ◽  
Andrea de Kauwe ◽  
Katri Kaukinen ◽  
Kalle Kurppa ◽  
Markku Mäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Wide Range

The pathological mechanisms that lead to the onset and reactivation of celiac disease (CD) remain largely unknown. While gluten free diet (GFD) improves the intestinal damage and associated clinical symptoms in majority of cases, it falls short of providing full recovery. Additionally, late or misdiagnosis is also common as CD presents with a wide range of symptoms. Clear understanding of CD pathogenesis is thus critical to address both diagnostic and treatment concerns. We aimed to study the molecular impact of short gluten exposure in GFD treated CD patients, as well as identify biological pathways that remain altered constitutively in CD regardless of treatment. Using RNAseq profiling of PBMC samples collected from treated CD patients and gluten challenged patient and healthy controls, we explored the peripheral transcriptome in CD patients following a short gluten exposure. Short gluten exposure of just three days was enough to alter the genome-wide PBMC transcriptome of patients. Pathway analysis revealed gluten-induced upregulation of mainly immune response related pathways, both innate and adaptive, in CD patients. We evaluated the perturbation of biological pathways in sample-specific manner. Compared to gluten exposed healthy controls, pathways related to tight junction, olfactory transduction, metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids (such as arachidonic acid), metabolism of amino acids (such as cysteine and glutamate), and microbial infection were constitutively altered in CD patients regardless of treatment, while GFD treatment appears to mostly normalize immune response pathways to “healthy” state. Upstream regulator prediction analysis using differentially expressed genes identified constitutively activated regulators relatively proximal to previously reported CD associated loci, particularly SMARCA4 on 19p13.2 and CSF2 on 5q31. We also found constitutively upregulated genes in CD that are in CD associated genetic loci such as MEF2BNB-MEF2B (BORCS8-MEF2B) on 19p13.11 and CSTB on 21q22.3. RNAseq revealed strong effects of short oral gluten challenge on whole PBMC fraction and constitutively altered pathways in CD PBMC suggesting important factors other than gluten in CD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Effects of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection on egg production and the immune response of the laying duck Anas platyrhynchos

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Tiantian Gu ◽  
Qi Xu ◽  
Guoqiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis ◽  
Immune Genes

Persistent colonization of the avian reproductive tract by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) negatively affects egg production and contaminates the egg. The immune function of the ovary and oviduct is essential for protection from infection and for the production of wholesome eggs. However, the immune response of laying ducks during SE infection is not well-understood. In this study, ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were infected with SE and were systematically monitored for fecal shedding during a 13-week period. We also assessed bacterial distribution in the reproductive tract and classified infected ducks as resistant or susceptible based on the presence of tissue lesions and on SE isolation from fecal samples. We found that infected animals had persistent, but intermittent, bacterial shedding that resulted in the induction of carrier ducks. Laying rate and egg quality were also decreased after SE infection (P < 0.05). SE readily colonized the stroma, small follicle, isthmus, and vagina in the reproductive tracts of susceptible ducks. Immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM) levels were higher in susceptible ducks compared with resistant birds (P < 0.05); T-lymphocyte subpopulations (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+) displayed the opposite trend. qRT-PCR analysis was used to examine expression profiles of immune response genes in the reproductive tract of infected ducks. The analysis revealed that immune genes, including toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4-5, TLR15, TLR21), NOD-like receptors (NOD1, NLRX1, NLRP12), avian β-defensins (AvβD4-5, AvβD7, AvβD12), cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ), and MyD88 were markedly upregulated in the reproductive tracts of SE-infected ducks (all P < 0.05); TLR3, TLR7, NLRC3, NLRC5, and TNF-α were significantly downregulated. These results revealed that SE infection promoted lower egg production and quality, and altered the expression of TLRs, NLRs, AvβDs, and cytokine family genes. These findings provide a basis for further investigation of the physiological and immune mechanisms of SE infection in laying ducks.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Transcriptomic Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Exposed to Paramoeba Perurans Using Next Generation Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Talbot ◽  
Laura Gargan ◽  
Grainne Moran ◽  
Louis Prudent ◽  
Ian O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Successful Infection

Abstract Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD), caused by the protozoan extracellular parasite Paramoeba perurans, is a disease affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. Many studies to date have investigated the pathogenesis of ADG focusing on the host immune response in the gill after the appearance of clinical symptoms. This study investigated the gill transcriptomic profile of pre-clinical AGD using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. RNA-seq libraries generated at 4, 7, 14 and 16 days post inoculation (dpi) identified 29,357 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs). RNA-seq data was validated using real-time, quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of 10 selected immune genes. DEGs mapped to 224 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, 27 reference pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and 15 Reactome Gene Sets. Immune suppression was evident at 7 dpi, prior to there being any evidence of ADG on the gill, involving signalling pathways for interleukins, Nod-like receptors, B-cell and T-cell receptors, and the differentiation of Th1/Th2 and Th17 cells. The results of this study suggest a mechanism for how N. perurans circumvents the host immune response to establish a successful infection, and could potentially lead to the development of novel strategies for AGD mitigation or prevention in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Dense time-course gene expression profiling of the Drosophila melanogaster innate immune response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Schlamp ◽  
Sofie Y. N. Delbare ◽  
Angela M. Early ◽  
Martin T. Wells ◽  
Sumanta Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Spline Fitting ◽  
Causality Inference ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Temporal Data Analysis

ABSTRACTImmune responses need to be initiated rapidly, and maintained as needed, to prevent establishment and growth of infections. Still, immune genes differ in both initiation kinetics and shutdown dynamics. Here, we performed an RNA-seq time course on D. melanogaster with 20 time points post-LPS injection. A combination of methods, including spline fitting, cluster analysis, and Granger Causality inference, allowed detailed dissection of expression profiles and functional annotation of genes through guilt-by-association. We identified antimicrobial peptides as immediate-early response genes with a sustained up-regulation up to five days after stimulation, and genes in the IM family as having early and transient responses. We further observed a strong trade-off with metabolic genes, which strikingly recovered to pre-infection levels before the immune response was fully resolved. This high-dimensional dataset enables the comprehensive study of immune response dynamics through the parallel application of multiple temporal data analysis methods.

Identification of molecular subtyping system and four-gene prognostic signature with immune-related genes for uveal melanoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110538
Author(s):  
Fei Xia ◽  
Zhilong Yu ◽  
Aijun Deng ◽  
Guohong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Score ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Gene Modules ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Immunotherapy is the most promising treatment for uveal melanoma patients with metastasis. Tumor microenvironment plays an essential role in tumor progression and greatly affects the efficacy of immunotherapy. This research constructed an immune-related subtyping system and discovered immune prognostic genes to further understand the immune mechanism in uveal melanoma. Immune-related genes were determined from literature. Gene expression profiles of uveal melanoma were clustered using consensus clustering based on immune-related genes. Subtypes were further divided by applying immune landscape, and weighted correlation network analysis was performed to construct immune gene modules. Univariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to generate a prognostic model. Enriched immune cells were determined after gene set enrichment analysis. Three major immune subtypes (IS1, IS2, and IS3) were identified, and IS2 could be further divided into IS2A and IS2B. The subtypes were closely associated with uveal melanoma prognosis. IS3 group had the most favorable prognosis and was sensitive to PD-1 inhibitor. Immune genes in IS1 group showed an overall higher expression than IS3 group. Six immune gene modules were identified, and the enrichment score of immune genes varied within immune subtypes. Four immune prognostic genes ( IL32, IRF1, SNX20, and VAV1) were found to be closely related to survival. This novel immune subtyping system and immune landscape provide a new understanding of immunotherapy in uveal melanoma. The four prognostic genes can predict prognosis of uveal melanoma patients and contribute to new development of targeted drugs.

scholarly journals Advances in research on genetic relationships of waterfowl parvoviruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Chen ◽  
Ruth Afumba ◽  
Fusheng Pang ◽  
Rongxin Yuan ◽  
Hao Dong
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Goose Parvovirus ◽  
Short Beak ◽  
Muscovy Duck Parvovirus

Abstract Derzsy’s disease and Muscovy duck parvovirus disease have become common diseases in waterfowl culture in the world and their potential to cause harm has risen. The causative agents are goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), which can provoke similar clinical symptoms and high mortality and morbidity rates. In recent years, duck short beak and dwarfism syndrome has been prevalent in the Cherry Valley duck population in eastern China. It is characterised by the physical signs for which it is named. Although the mortality rate is low, it causes stunting and weight loss, which have caused serious economic losses to the waterfowl industry. The virus that causes this disease was named novel goose parvovirus (NGPV). This article summarises the latest research on the genetic relationships of the three parvoviruses, and reviews the aetiology, epidemiology, and necropsy characteristics in infected ducks, in order to facilitate further study.

scholarly journals Dense time-course gene expression profiling of the Drosophila melanogaster innate immune response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Schlamp ◽  
Sofie Delbare ◽  
Angela M. Early ◽  
Martin T. Wells ◽  
Sumanta Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Immune Genes ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract BackgroundImmune responses need to be initiated rapidly, and maintained as needed, to prevent establishment and growth of infections. At the same time, resources need to be balanced with other physiological processes. On the level of transcription, studies have shown that this balancing act is reflected in tight control of the initiation kinetics and shutdown dynamics of specific immune genes. ResultsTo investigate expression dynamics and trade-offs after infection genome-wide and with high temporal resolution, we performed an RNA-seq time course on D. melanogaster with 20 time points post-LPS injection. A combination of methods, including spline fitting, cluster analysis, and Granger Causality inference, allowed detailed dissection of expression profiles, lead-lag interactions, and functional annotation of genes through guilt-by-association. We identified genes encoding antimicrobial peptides and co-expressed, less well characterized genes, as immediate-early response genes with a sustained up-regulation up to five days after stimulation. In contrast, stress response genes and additional immune genes, among which were Bomanins, demonstrated early and transient responses. We further observed a strong trade-off with metabolic genes, which strikingly recovered to pre-infection levels before the immune response was fully resolved. ConclusionsThis high-dimensional dataset enabled the comprehensive study of immune response dynamics through the parallel application of multiple temporal data analysis methods. Multivariate Granger causality analysis proved to be a valuable addition to classical time course analysis methods such as clustering, due to its ability to define directed networks of lead-lag patterns.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Immune Response by Deferasirox in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Hana Votavova ◽  
Zuzana Urbanova ◽  
David Kundrat ◽  
Michaela Dostalova Merkerova ◽  
Martin Vostry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Multiple Cancer

Deferasirox (DFX) is an oral iron chelator used to reduce iron overload (IO) caused by frequent blood cell transfusions in anemic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. To study the molecular mechanisms by which DFX improves outcome in MDS, we analyzed the global gene expression in untreated MDS patients and those who were given DFX treatment. The gene expression profiles of bone marrow CD34+ cells were assessed by whole-genome microarrays. Initially, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were determined between patients with normal ferritin levels and those with IO to address the effect of excessive iron on cellular pathways. These DEGs were annotated to Gene Ontology terms associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, adaptive immune response and protein folding and were enriched in cancer-related pathways. The deregulation of multiple cancer pathways in iron-overloaded patients suggests that IO is a cofactor favoring the progression of MDS. The DEGs between patients with IO and those treated with DFX were involved predominantly in biological processes related to the immune response and inflammation. These data indicate DFX modulates the immune response mainly via neutrophil-related genes. Suppression of negative regulators of blood cell differentiation essential for cell maturation and upregulation of heme metabolism observed in DFX-treated patients may contribute to the hematopoietic improvement.

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