scholarly journals Method for the quantitative evaluation of ecosystem services in coastal regions

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6234
Author(s):  
Tomonari Okada ◽  
Yugo Mito ◽  
Erina Iseri ◽  
Toshiyuki Takahashi ◽  
Takanori Sugano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Tidal Flats ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The State ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Environmental Improvement ◽  
The Relationship

Wetlands, tidal flats, seaweed beds, and coral reefs are valuable not only as habitats for many species, but also as places where people interact with the sea. Unfortunately, these areas have declined in recent years, so environmental improvement projects to conserve and restore them are being carried out across the world. In this study, we propose a method for quantifying ecosystem services, that is, useful for the proper maintenance and management of artificial tidal flats, a type of environmental improvement project. With this method, a conceptual model of the relationship between each service and related environmental factors in natural and social systems was created, and the relationships between services and environmental factors were clarified. The state of the environmental factors affecting each service was quantified, and the state of those factors was reflected in the evaluation value of the service. As a result, the method can identify which environmental factors need to be improved and if the goal is to increase the value of the targeted tidal flat. The method demonstrates an effective approach in environmental conservation for the restoration and preservation of coastal areas.

scholarly journals Distribution Patterns of Odonate Assemblages in Relation to Environmental Variables in Streams of South Korea

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Yeong Lee ◽  
Dae-Seong Lee ◽  
Mi-Jung Bae ◽  
Soon-Jin Hwang ◽  
Seong-Yu Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Factors Affecting

Odonata species are sensitive to environmental changes, particularly those caused by humans, and provide valuable ecosystem services as intermediate predators in food webs. We aimed: (i) to investigate the distribution patterns of Odonata in streams on a nationwide scale across South Korea; (ii) to evaluate the relationships between the distribution patterns of odonates and their environmental conditions; and (iii) to identify indicator species and the most significant environmental factors affecting their distributions. Samples were collected from 965 sampling sites in streams across South Korea. We also measured 34 environmental variables grouped into six categories: geography, meteorology, land use, substrate composition, hydrology, and physicochemistry. A total of 83 taxa belonging to 10 families of Odonata were recorded in the dataset. Among them, eight species displayed high abundances and incidences. Self-organizing map (SOM) classified sampling sites into seven clusters (A–G) which could be divided into two distinct groups (A–C and D–G) according to the similarities of their odonate assemblages. Clusters A–C were characterized by members of the suborder Anisoptera, whereas clusters D–G were characterized by the suborder Zygoptera. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) identified forest (%), altitude, and cobble (%) in substrata as the most influential environmental factors determining odonate assemblage compositions. Our results emphasize the importance of habitat heterogeneity by demonstrating its effect on odonate assemblages.

scholarly journals Caracterización ficológica en manantiales de la cuenca baja del sistema hidrológico del Pánuco, México

2017 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Carmona-Jiménez ◽  
Gustavo Montejano-Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship

The results of a phycofloristic study on three springs in the Huasteca Potosina region are presented; 67 species are reported. Floristic similarities and differences among the springsare analized, as well as the relationship between species and environmental factors. Microhabitas were defined in the springs as well as the principal algal asociations that characterize them. Light intensity and current velocity are the most important factors affecting the predominant growth forms present in this type of habitat.

Contemporary Democracies Revisited

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW KRAIN
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Electoral Systems ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The State ◽  
Count Models ◽  
Important Study ◽  
The Relationship

Few have questioned how democracies as a group differ within and among themselves. The most important study in this area of inquiry is Powell's (1982) Contemporary Democracies. Unfortunately, some of his results may be both inefficient and biased due to the use of what we now understand to be an inappropriate method. This study applies more appropriate event count models to Powell's data in hopes of gaining new insights into the relationship between political violence and elements of democracy. Evidence to support Collective Action explanations of political violence was found. Strong support for the argument that presidencies can be detrimental to the state and that representational electoral systems and constitutions, especially consociational constitutions, outperform majoritarian systems was also supported. Environmental factors are important, but constitutional variables, discounted to some degree by Powell, were also found to have extremely important and significant effects on the degrees of violence in democracies.

scholarly journals Towards an Explanation of the Social Value of Health Systems: An Interpretive Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Beth Whyle ◽  
Jill Olivier
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Explanatory Theory ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Value Of Health

Background: Health systems are complex social systems, and values constitute a central dimension of their complexity. Values are commonly understood as key drivers of health system change, operating across all health systems components and functions. Moreover, health systems are understood to influence and generate social values, presenting an opportunity to harness health systems to build stronger, more cohesive societies. However, there is little investigation (theoretical, conceptual, or empirical) on social values in health policy and systems research (HPSR), particularly regarding the capacity of health systems to influence and generate social values. This study develops an explanatory theory for the ‘social value of health systems.’ Methods: We present the results of an interpretive synthesis of HPSR literature on social values, drawing on a qualitative systematic review, focusing on claims about the relationship between ‘health systems’ and ‘social values.’ We combined relational claims extracted from the literature under a common framework in order to generate new explanatory theory. Results: We identify four mechanisms by which health systems are considered to contribute social value to society: Health systems can: (1) offer a unifying national ideal and build social cohesion, (2) influence and legitimise popular attitudes about rights and entitlements with regard to healthcare and inform citizen’s understanding of state responsibilities, (3) strengthen trust in the state and legitimise state authority, and (4) communicate the extent to which the state values various population groups. Conclusion: We conclude that, using a systems-thinking and complex adaptive systems perspective, the above mechanisms can be explained as emergent properties of the dynamic network of values-based connections operating within health systems. We also demonstrate that this theory accounts for how HPSR authors write about the relationship between health systems and social values. Finally, we offer lessons for researchers and policy-makers seeking to bring about values-based change in health systems.

scholarly journals Environmental factors affecting splash erosion in the mountain area (the Western Polish Carpathians)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kijowska-Strugała ◽  
Krzysztof Kiszka
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Polish Carpathians ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of various environmental factors on splash erosion based on the funnel method under natural conditions. The relationship between splash and wash erosion were also studied. The intermediate timescale study (2012–2016, from May to October) was conducted in the Western Polish Carpathians where Inceptisols predominate. The splash erosion rate (kg m−2) was variable and showed a strong correlation with environmental factors, including rainfall parameters, land use (black fallow, meadow), slope gradient (0°, 11°), and also the particle size of soil and usage time (organic matter content, OM). The splash erosion rate on the slope with black fallow was 95 times higher than in the meadow and up to 20 times higher than in flat area. The average downslope splash erosion was 75% higher than the upslope splash erosion, and the soil particles were detached to maximum heights of 50 cm (downslope). There was a positive correlation between splash erosion and wash and a negative correlation between splash erosion and OM.

Distribution of annual Trifolium species in Morocco

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Beale ◽  
M Bounejmate ◽  
A Lahlou ◽  
DB Marx ◽  
S Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Natural Distribution ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Relationship

An ecogeographic survey was conducted in six key agricultural zones in Morocco to study the abundance and the relationship between the natural distribution of annual Trifolium species and environmental factors. Sixteen species of annual Trifolium species were identified. Most prolific was T. scabrum and the least were T. striatum and T. bocconei. Fifty-five percent of the sites had no Trifolium and the average number of species per site was 2.2. An average seed yield of 4.8 kg ha-1 was obtained. Both soil and climatic factors affected the occurrence of Trifolium species. Rainfall, pH and phosphorus content were the most determinant factors affecting the distribution of Trifolium species in Morocco.

scholarly journals PERBUATAN PIDANA BUGHAH DALAM HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riswadi Riswadi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

During this time, the issue bughah; separatists; the plots tend to receive less attention among Muslim intellectuals. Bughah deeds have made part of a crime (against the law). In Islamic law, a criminal act bughah also still have a different understanding. There is mention, that act bughah set with criminal types had, qishas or criminal ta'zir. Restrictions specified types of criminal is understood in terms of the act, the relationship with the rights, or any other cause in connection with the action against the state or government. Therefore, the range of possibilities can contain different perceptions and motives when trying to explain the quality of the act bughah. Similarly, environmental factors, socio-historical, cultural and political developments also color differences in terms of the substance of the type of criminal act bughah category. Kata kunci: pidana, bughah dan pidana Islam

A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR DEPICTING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN SINGAPORE

1994 ◽  
Vol 01 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 449-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOKE-YIN WONG ◽  
CHARMAINE LAI-YEEN WONG ◽  
RICKY YUET-KEE KWAN ◽  
VATVANI CHANDRA GANSHAM
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The degree to which environmental factors foster/hinder entrepreneurship is unique to each individual entrepreneur. It is hence not possible to describe the “average” entrepeneur and the “typical” process of venture creation and management. As such, in this paper, a new model conceptualising the relationship between entrepreneurship and environmental factors is proposed. In this model, entrepreneurship (E) is conceptualised as being a function of the environmental factors (Ef) and personal attributes of the entrepreneur (Pa). Hence, E=f(Ef, Pa). The environmental factors affecting E are further categorised into a set of internal factors (Fin) and a set of external factors (Fex). Several studies have already been undertaken to examine the personal attributes of entrepreneurs in Singapore which explains for their success/failure. This study focuses on Ef in Singapore to assess the favorability of Singapore’s environment in promoting entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship development. A set of questionnaire designed for this purpose was sent to over 100 entrepreneurs, from which we received 44 usable responses. Environmental factors surveyed include financing, government assistance schemes, availability of labour, opportunity cost, competition by multi-national and government-related companies, the education system, social and cultural factors, technological advances and market opportunities. A detailed case study was also conducted with a successful local entrepreneur to further refine and validate our findings. Our findings appear to indicate that in Singapore, external factors are more conducive in fostering entreneurship than the internal factors.

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction In Two Automotive Industries In Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Zawiah Dawal ◽  
Zahari Taha
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Work Design ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Automotive Manufacturing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multiple Choice Questionnaire ◽  
The Relationship

Satu tinjauan telah dijalankan untuk menyiasat perhubungan di antara kepuasan kerja, ciri-ciri tugasan dan faktor suasana yang mempengaruhi reka bentuk kerja di dua buah syarikat pembuatan automotif di Malaysia. Matlamat utama kajian adalah untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi pekerja terhadap tugas mereka. 170 orang subjek lelaki berumur di antara 18 tahun hingga 40 tahun dengan purata umur 26.8 tahun dengan sisihan piawai (SP) 5.3 tahun dan purata pengalaman kerja 6.5 tahun dengan SP 4.9 tahun telah mengambil bahagian. Satu set soalan pelbagai pilihan telah dihasilkan dan maklumat dikumpulkan dengan cara menemuduga pekerja di kilang pengeluaran tersebut. Hasil tinjauan menyokong kajian dengan menunjukkan bahawa ciri-ciri tugasan dan faktor-faktor suasana mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kepuasan kerja. Kata kunci: Kepuasan kerja, ciri-ciri tugasan, faktor-faktor suasana, reka bentuk kerja, industri automotif A survey was conducted to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction, job characteristics and environmental factors that affect work design in two automotive manufacturing companies in Malaysia. The aim of the study is to determine the factors that influence employees’ perception towards their work. 170 male subjects between the ages of 18 to 40 years with the mean age of 26.8 and standard deviation (SD) of 5.3 years and mean work experience of 6.5 and SD of 4.9 years were involved. A set of multiple choice questionnaire was developed and data was collected by interviewing the employees at the production plants. The survey focused on job satisfaction, job characteristics and environmental factors. The results showed that job characteristics and environmental factors were significantly related to job satisfaction. Key words: Job satisfaction, job characteristic factors, environmental factors, work design, automotive industry

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