scholarly journals Effects of knee extension with different speeds of movement on muscle and cerebral oxygenation

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damiano Formenti ◽  
David Perpetuini ◽  
Pierpaolo Iodice ◽  
Daniela Cardone ◽  
Giovanni Michielon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Slow Speed ◽  
Main Effects

Background One of the mechanisms responsible for enhancing muscular hypertrophy is the high metabolic stress associated with a reduced muscular oxygenation occurring during exercise, which can be achieved by reducing the speed of movement. Studies have tested that lowered muscle oxygenation artificially induced by an inflatable cuff, could provoke changes in prefrontal cortex oxygenation, hence, to central fatigue. It was hypothesized that (1) exercising with a slow speed of movement would result in greater increase in cerebral and greater decrease in muscle oxygenation compared with exercises of faster speed and (2) the amount of oxygenation increase in the ipsilateral prefrontal cortex would be lower than the contralateral one. Methods An ISS Imagent frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system was used to quantify oxygenation changes in the vastus lateralis muscle and prefrontal cortex (contra- and ipsilateral) during unilateral resistance exercises with different speeds of movement to voluntary fatigue. After one maximal repetition (1RM) test, eight subjects performed three sets of unilateral knee extensions (∼50% of 1RM), separated by 2 min rest periods, following the pace of 1 s, 3 s and 5 s for both concentric and eccentric phases, in a random order, during separate sessions. The amount of change for NIRS parameters for muscle (ΔHb: deoxyhemoglobin, ΔHbO: oxyhemoglobin, ΔHbT: total hemoglobin, ΔStO2: oxygen saturation) were quantified and compared between conditions and sets by two-way ANOVA RM. Differences in NIRS parameters between contra- and ipsilateral (lobe) prefrontal cortex and conditions were tested. Results Exercising with slow speed of movement was associated to larger muscle deoxygenation than normal speed of movement, as revealed by significant interaction (set × condition) for ΔHb (p = 0.01), and by significant main effects of condition for ΔHbO (p = 0.007) and ΔStO2 (p = 0.016). With regards to the prefrontal cortex, contralateral lobe showed larger oxygenation increase than the ipsilateral one for ΔHb, ΔHbO, ΔHbT, ΔStO2 in each set (main effect of lobe: p < 0.05). Main effects of condition were significant only in set1 for all the parameters, and significant interaction lobe × condition was found only for ΔHb in set1 (p < 0.05). Discussion These findings provided evidence that speed of movement influences the amount of muscle oxygenation. Since the lack of oxygen in muscle is associated to increased metabolic stress, manipulating the speed of movement may be useful in planning resistance-training programs. Moreover, consistent oxygenation increases in both right and left prefrontal lobes were found, suggesting a complementary interaction between the ipsi- and contralateral prefrontal cortex, which also seems related to fatigue.

Effects of acute hypoxia on cerebral and muscle oxygenation during incremental exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Subudhi ◽  
Andrew C. Dimmen ◽  
Robert C. Roach
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Incremental Exercise ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle

To determine if fatigue at maximal aerobic power output was associated with a critical decrease in cerebral oxygenation, 13 male cyclists performed incremental maximal exercise tests (25 W/min ramp) under normoxic (Norm: 21% FiO2) and acute hypoxic (Hypox: 12% FiO2) conditions. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to monitor concentration (μM) changes of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin (Δ[O2Hb], Δ[HHb]) in the left vastus lateralis muscle and frontal cerebral cortex. Changes in total Hb were calculated (Δ[THb] = Δ[O2Hb] + Δ[HHb]) and used as an index of change in regional blood volume. Repeated-measures ANOVA were performed across treatments and work rates (α = 0.05). During Norm, cerebral oxygenation rose between 25 and 75% peak power output {Powerpeak; increased (inc) Δ[O2Hb], inc. Δ[HHb], inc. Δ[THb]}, but fell from 75 to 100% Powerpeak {decreased (dec) Δ[O2Hb], inc. Δ[HHb], no change Δ[THb]}. In contrast, during Hypox, cerebral oxygenation dropped progressively across all work rates (dec. Δ[O2Hb], inc. Δ[HHb]), whereas Δ[THb] again rose up to 75% Powerpeak and remained constant thereafter. Changes in cerebral oxygenation during Hypox were larger than Norm. In muscle, oxygenation decreased progressively throughout exercise in both Norm and Hypox (dec. Δ[O2Hb], inc. Δ [HHb], inc. Δ[THb]), although Δ[O2Hb] was unchanged between 75 and 100% Powerpeak. Changes in muscle oxygenation were also greater in Hypox compared with Norm. On the basis of these findings, it is unlikely that changes in cerebral oxygenation limit incremental exercise performance in normoxia, yet it is possible that such changes play a more pivotal role in hypoxia.

Cerebral desaturation during exercise reversed by O2 supplementation

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. H1045-H1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Nielsen ◽  
R. Boushel ◽  
P. Madsen ◽  
N. H. Secher
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Concentration Changes

The combined effects of hyperventilation and arterial desaturation on cerebral oxygenation ([Formula: see text]) were determined using near-infrared spectroscopy. Eleven competitive oarsmen were evaluated during a 6-min maximal ergometer row. The study was randomized in a double-blind fashion with an inspired O2 fraction of 0.21 or 0.30 in a crossover design. During exercise with an inspired O2 fraction of 0.21, the arterial CO2 pressure (35 ± 1 mmHg; mean ± SE) and O2 pressure (77 ± 2 mmHg) as well as the hemoglobin saturation (91.9 ± 0.7%) were reduced ( P < 0.05).[Formula: see text] was reduced from 80 ± 2 to 63 ± 2% ( P < 0.05), and the near-infrared spectroscopy-determined concentration changes in deoxy- (ΔHb) and oxyhemoglobin (ΔHbO2) of the vastus lateralis muscle increased 22 ± 3 μM and decreased 14 ± 3 μM, respectively ( P < 0.05). Increasing the inspired O2fraction to 0.30 did not affect ventilation (174 ± 4 l/min), but arterial CO2 pressure (37 ± 2 mmHg), O2 pressure (165 ± 5 mmHg), and hemoglobin O2saturation (99 ± 0.1%) increased ( P < 0.05).[Formula: see text] remained close to the resting level during exercise (79 ± 2 vs. 81 ± 2%), and although the muscle ΔHb (18 ± 2 μM) and ΔHbO2 (−12 ± 3 μM) were similar to those established without O2 supplementation, work capacity increased from 389 ± 11 to 413 ± 10 W ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that an elevated inspiratory O2fraction increases exercise performance related to maintained cerebral oxygenation rather than to an effect on the working muscles.

scholarly journals PlanHab: hypoxia exaggerates the bed-rest-induced reduction in peak oxygen uptake during upright cycle ergometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (2) ◽  
pp. H453-H464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail E. Keramidas ◽  
Roger Kölegård ◽  
Igor B. Mekjavic ◽  
Ola Eiken
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Oxygenation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

The study examined the effects of hypoxia and horizontal bed rest, separately and in combination, on peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2 peak) during upright cycle ergometry. Ten male lowlanders underwent three 21-day confinement periods in a counterbalanced order: 1) normoxic bed rest [NBR; partial pressure of inspired O2(PiO2) = 133.1 ± 0.3 mmHg]; 2) hypoxic bed rest (HBR; PiO2= 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg), and 3) hypoxic ambulation (HAMB; PiO2= 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg). Before and after each confinement, subjects performed two incremental-load trials to exhaustion, while inspiring either room air (AIR), or a hypoxic gas (HYPO; PiO2= 90.0 ± 0.4 mmHg). Changes in regional oxygenation of the vastus lateralis muscle and the frontal cerebral cortex were monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy. Cardiac output (CO) was recorded using a bioimpedance method. The AIR V̇o2 peakwas decreased by both HBR (∼13.5%; P ≤ 0.001) and NBR (∼8.6%; P ≤ 0.001), with greater drop after HBR ( P = 0.01). The HYPO V̇o2 peakwas also reduced by HBR (−9.7%; P ≤ 0.001) and NBR (−6.1%; P ≤ 0.001). Peak CO was lower after both bed-rest interventions, and especially after HBR (HBR: ∼13%, NBR: ∼7%; P ≤ 0.05). Exercise-induced alterations in muscle and cerebral oxygenation were blunted in a similar manner after both bed-rest confinements. No changes were observed in HAMB. Hence, the bed-rest-induced decrease in V̇o2 peakwas exaggerated by hypoxia, most likely due to a reduction in convective O2transport, as indicated by the lower peak values of CO.

Time-course of V̇O2 kinetics responses during moderate-intensity exercise subsequent to HIIT vs moderate-intensity continuous training in type 2 diabetes.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norita Gildea ◽  
Adam McDermott ◽  
Joel Rocha ◽  
Donal O'Shea ◽  
Simon Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation

We assessed the time course of changes in oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and muscle deoxygenation (i.e., deoxygenated haemoglobin and myoglobin, [HHb+Mb]) kinetics during transitions to moderate-intensity cycling following 12-weeks of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants were randomly assigned to MICT (n=10, 50 min of moderate-intensity cycling), HIIT (n=9, 10x1 min at ~90% maximal heart rate) or non-exercising control (n=9) groups. Exercising groups trained 3 times per week and measurements were taken every 3 weeks. [HHb+Mb] kinetics were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy at the vastus lateralis muscle. The local matching of O2 delivery to O2 utilization was assessed by the Δ[HHb+Mb]/ΔV̇O2ratio. The pretraining time constant of the primary phase of V̇O2 (τV̇O2p ) decreased (P<0.05) at wk 3 of training in both MICT (from 44±12 to 32±5 s) and HIIT (from 42±8 to 32 ± 4 s) with no further changes thereafter; while no changes were reported in controls. The pretraining overall dynamic response of muscle deoxygenation (τ'[HHb+Mb]) was faster than τV̇O2p in all groups, resulting in Δ[HHb+Mb]/V̇O2p showing a transient "overshoot" relative to the subsequent steady-state level. After 3 wks, the Δ[HHb+Mb]/V̇O2p overshoot was eliminated only in the training groups, so that τ'[HHb+Mb] was not different to τV̇O2p in MICT and HIIT. The enhanced V̇O2 kinetics response consequent to both MICT and HIIT in T2D was likely attributed to a training-induced improvement in matching of O2 delivery to utilization.

scholarly journals Vastus lateralis oxygenation during prolonged cycling in healthy males

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Kawaguchi ◽  
Yukiko Hayashi ◽  
Kiyokazu Sekikawa ◽  
Mitsuru Tabusadani ◽  
Tsutomu Inamizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift ◽  
Systemic Oxygen ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between acute cardiorespiratory and muscle oxygenation and blood volume changes during prolonged exercise. Eight healthy male volunteers (mean maximum oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2max) = 41.6 ± 2.4 mL/kg/min) performed 60 min submaximal cycling at 50% [Formula: see text]O2max. Oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O2) was measured by indirect spirometry, cardiac output (CO) was estimated using a PortapresTM, and right vastus lateralis oxyhemoglobin/ myoglobin (oxyHb/Mb), deoxyhemoglobin/myoglobin (deoxyHb/Mb), and total hemoglobin/myoglobin (total Hb/Mb) were recorded using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). After 40 min of exercise, there was a significant increase in [Formula: see text]O2 due to a significantly higher arteriovenous oxygen difference ((a - v)O2diff). After 30 min of exercise CO remained unchanged, but there was a significant decrease in stroke volume and a proportionate increase in heart rate, thus indicating the occurrence of cardiovascular drift. During the first few minutes of exercise, there was a decline in oxyHb/Mb and total Hb/Mb, whereas deoxyHb/Mb remained unchanged. Thereafter, oxyHb/Mb and total Hb/Mb increased systematically until the termination of exercise while deoxyHb/Mb declined. After 40 min of exercise, these changes were significantly different from the baseline values. There were no significant correlations between the changes in the NIRS variables and systemic [Formula: see text]O2 or mixed (a - v)O2diff during exercise. These results suggest that factors other than localized changes in muscle oxygenation and blood volume account for the increased [Formula: see text]O2 during prolonged submaximal exercise. Key words: near infrared spectroscopy, cardiovascular drift, systemic oxygen consumption.

scholarly journals Comparison of femoral blood gases and muscle near-infrared spectroscopy at exercise onset in humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen J. MacDonald ◽  
Mark A. Tarnopolsky ◽  
Howard J. Green ◽  
Richard L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Exercise Onset

We hypothesized that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measures of hemoglobin and/or myoglobin O2 saturation (IR-So 2) in the vascular bed of exercising muscle would parallel changes in femoral venous O2 saturation (S[Formula: see text]) at the onset of leg-kicking exercise in humans. Six healthy subjects performed transitions from rest to 48 ± 3 (SE)-W two-legged kicking exercise while breathing 14, 21, or 70% inspired O2. IR-So 2 was measured over the vastus lateralis muscle continuously during all tests, and femoral venous and radial artery blood samples were drawn simultaneously during rest and during 5 min of exercise. In all gas-breathing conditions, there was a rapid decrease in both IR-So 2 and SfvO2 at the onset of moderate-intensity leg-kicking exercise. Although SfvO2 remained at low levels throughout exercise, IR-So 2increased significantly after the first minute of exercise in both normoxia and hyperoxia. Contrary to the hypothesis, these data show that NIRS does not provide a reliable estimate of hemoglobin and/or O2 saturation as reflected by direct femoral vein sampling.

scholarly journals Differences in muscle oxygenation between young and middle-aged recreationally active men during high-volume resistance exercise

Kinesiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Yftach Gepner ◽  
Joseph A. Gordon ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Jeffrey R. Stout ◽  
David H. Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Muscle Oxygenation ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Volume Resistance

The aim of this study was to compare muscle oxygenation of the vastus lateralis during a high-volume isokinetic resistance exercise protocol (HVP) between young adult (YA) and middle-aged adult (MA) men. Twenty recreationally trained men were assigned to either the YA (age 21.8±2.0 years, body mass 90.7±11.6 kg, body height 179±4.7 cm) or MA (age 47.0±4.4 years, body mass 96.1±21.6 kg, body height 177±7.7 cm) group. The HVP consisted of eight sets of 10 repetitions of unilateral isokinetic concentric knee extension and eccentric knee flexion at 60°·s-1. Changes in tissue hemoglobin saturation index (TSI), tissue oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (O2Hb), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), and muscle oxidation index (O2Hb-HHb) were measured during the exercise session using the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Data were analyzed using two-way mix factorial analyses of variance. Prior to exercise, TSI was significantly greater (p=.024) for YA compared to MA. Significant decreases in O2Hb and O2Hb-HHb and increases in HHb were observed during each of the eight sets relative to the rest periods (p&lt;.05) for both groups. The average change during the eight sets of the HVP revealed a significantly higher (p=.036) level of HHb and a lower (p=.029) level of O2Hb-HHb for MA compared to YA. A significant negative correlation was also noted at baseline between O2Hb-HHb index and the cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis muscle (r=-.45, p=.045). During a high- volume resistance exercise, MA experienced reduced muscle oxygen saturation levels compared to YA. These results may be attributed to reductions in local tissue oxidative capacity and reduced blood delivery occurring during middle-age, and possibly due to group differences in muscle morphology.

scholarly journals Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Is Promising to Detect Iliac Artery Flow Limitations in Athletes: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Martijn van Hooff ◽  
Goof Schep ◽  
Eduard Meijer ◽  
Mart Bender ◽  
Hans Savelberg
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Substantial Risk ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Healthy Participants

Endurance cyclists have a substantial risk to develop flow limitations in the iliac arteries during their career. These flow limitations are due to extreme hemodynamic stress which may result in functional arterial kinking and/or intravascular lesions. Early diagnosis may improve outcome and could prevent the necessity for surgical vascular repair. However, current diagnostic techniques have unsatisfactory sensitivity and cannot be applied during exercise. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has shown great diagnostic potential in peripheral vascular disease and might bring a solution since it measures tissue oxygenation in real time during and after exercise. This report describes the first experiences of the application of NIRS in the vastus lateralis muscle during and after maximal graded cycling exercise in ten healthy participants and in three patients with flow limitations due to (1) subtle functional kinking, (2) an intravascular lesion, and (3) severe functional kinking. The results are put into perspective based on an empirically fitted model. Delayed recovery, showing clearly different types of patterns of tissue reoxygenation after exercise, was found in the affected athletes compared with the healthy participants. In the patients that had kinking of the arteries, tissue reoxygenation was clearly more delayed if NIRS was measured in provocative position with flexed hip. In this pilot experiment, clearly distinctive reoxygenation patterns are observed during recovery consistent with severity of flow limitation, indicating that NIRS is a promising diagnostic tool to detect and grade arterial flow limitations in athletes. Our findings may guide research and optimization of NIRS for future clinical application.

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