scholarly journals Image-based phenotyping for identification of QTL determining fruit shape and size in American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarponL.)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Diaz-Garcia ◽  
Giovanny Covarrubias-Pazaran ◽  
Brandon Schlautman ◽  
Edward Grygleski ◽  
Juan Zalapa
Keyword(s):  
Persistent Homology ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
American Cranberry ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
End Use

Image-based phenotyping methodologies are powerful tools to determine quality parameters for fruit breeders and processors. The fruit size and shape of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarponL.) are particularly important characteristics that determine the harvests’ processing value and potential end-use products (e.g., juice vs. sweetened dried cranberries). However, cranberry fruit size and shape attributes can be difficult and time consuming for breeders and processors to measure, especially when relying on manual measurements and visual ratings. Therefore, in this study, we implemented image-based phenotyping techniques for gathering data regarding basic cranberry fruit parameters such as length, width, length-to-width ratio, and eccentricity. Additionally, we applied a persistent homology algorithm to better characterize complex shape parameters. Using this high-throughput artificial vision approach, we characterized fruit from 351 progeny from a full-sib cranberry population over three field seasons. Using a covariate analysis to maximize the identification of well-supported quantitative trait loci (QTL), we found 252 single QTL in a 3-year period for cranberry fruit size and shape descriptors from which 20% were consistently found in all years. The present study highlights the potential for the identified QTL and the image-based methods to serve as a basis for future explorations of the genetic architecture of fruit size and shape in cranberry and other fruit crops.

scholarly journals A preliminary evaluation of the effects of pollinator enhancement and gibberellins on the fruit set and fruit shape of ‘Conference’ pears – Short Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Jolien Smessaert ◽  
Gaby van Kemenade ◽  
Anneleen Arnoys ◽  
Olivier Honnay ◽  
Wannes Keulemans
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape

‘Conference’ (Pyrus communis L.) is a self-incompatible cultivar, although it can also set fruit parthenocarpically. Stimulating parthenocarpy through gibberellin (GA) applications increases the fruit set, but it may also negatively affect the fruit size and shape. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a bumblebee (BB) amendment in combination with a GA treatment on the fruit set and fruit shape of ‘Conference’ pears. In the first experiment, we applied three treatments (GA, GA + BB & control) in a ‘Conference’ monoculture. In the second experiment, we applied two treatments (GA & GA + BB) in a ‘Conference’ orchard inter-planted with ‘Concorde’ as pollinizer trees. Both experiments showed that the GA application and bumblebee supplementation did not affect the fruit set. However, the BB treatment resulted in significantly higher amounts of normally shaped pears. Trees closer to the bumblebee hive had more normal shaped pears than trees further away.

scholarly journals Global epigenetic and metabolic changes accompany the alterations in fruit size and shape of Cucurbita pepo L. intra-species grafting

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliki Xanthopoulou ◽  
Aphrodite Tsaballa ◽  
Ioannis Ganopoulos ◽  
Aliki Kapazoglou ◽  
Evangellia Avramidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
The Impact

To further understand the impact of grafting on fruit characteristics and to comprehend the mechanisms involved in graft-induced changes we studied homo- and hetero- grafted Cucurbita pepo cultivars (cv.) that vary in fruit size and shape. C. pepo cv. ‘Munchkin’ (small fruit) and cv. ‘Big Moose’ (large fruit) as well as cv. ‘Round green’ (round fruit) and cv. ‘Princess’ (elongated fruit) were homografted and reciprocally heterografted. The results show significant changes in fruit size when ‘Big Moose’ was grafted onto ‘Munchkin’ rootstocks in comparison to homo-grafted controls. Moderate changes in fruit shape were observed when grafting of cv. ‘Round green’ and cv. ‘Princess’ were performed. This is the first report of such phenotypic changes after intra-species/inter-cultivar grafting in Cucurbitaceae. Additionally, we found significant changes in i) secondary metabolite profile, ii) global DNA methylation pattern and iii) miRNA expression patterns in grafted scions and iv) DNA methylation on graft-induced phenotypic changes in grafted plants. Our results contribute to further understanding graft-induced effects on fruit morphology in intra-species grafting. Furthermore, our results pave the way for understanding the role of phenolic metabolites and epigenetic molecular mechanisms on the phenotypic changes recorded.

Decreased number of locules and pericarp cell layers underlie smaller and ovoid fruit in tomato smaller fruit (sf) mutant

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 883-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yushun Li ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Tayeb Muhammad ◽  
Yan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Locule Number ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape

Fruit size and shape are the primary criteria for domestication and improvement of tomato. The varying sizes and shapes of tomato fruit further signify their importance as agronomic traits. Here, we characterized a tomato mutant, smaller fruit (sf), which bears relatively small and ovoid fruits compared with the large and flat fruits of the wild-type (WT). Phenotypic measurements and histological analyses revealed that fruit diameter but not fruit length of the sf mutant decreased compared with that of the WT. This phenotypic change was attributed to significant decreases in locule number and pericarp cell layers in a transverse direction, which resulted in the transition of fruit shape from flat in the WT to ovoid in sf. Comparison of the transcriptomes of ovaries of sf with the WT using RNA-Seq identified 2596 differentially expressed genes, in which 1737 genes significantly were up-regulated and 859 genes were dramatically down-regulated in the sf ovary. Further analyses confirmed that some genes, such as CRCa, CNRs, CYCs, WUS, SUNs, OFRs, CDKs, participate in regulation of fruit size and shape of sf mutant. Thus, our study adds a new genetic resource regarding fruit size and shape of tomato, and provides a valuable basis for understanding molecular regulation of small and ovoid fruit of the sf mutant.

scholarly journals Global epigenetic and metabolic changes accompany the alterations in fruit size and shape of Cucurbita pepo L. intra-species grafting

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliki Xanthopoulou ◽  
Aphrodite Tsaballa ◽  
Ioannis Ganopoulos ◽  
Aliki Kapazoglou ◽  
Evangellia Avramidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
The Impact

To further understand the impact of grafting on fruit characteristics and to comprehend the mechanisms involved in graft-induced changes we studied homo- and hetero- grafted Cucurbita pepo cultivars (cv.) that vary in fruit size and shape. C. pepo cv. ‘Munchkin’ (small fruit) and cv. ‘Big Moose’ (large fruit) as well as cv. ‘Round green’ (round fruit) and cv. ‘Princess’ (elongated fruit) were homografted and reciprocally heterografted. The results show significant changes in fruit size when ‘Big Moose’ was grafted onto ‘Munchkin’ rootstocks in comparison to homo-grafted controls. Moderate changes in fruit shape were observed when grafting of cv. ‘Round green’ and cv. ‘Princess’ were performed. This is the first report of such phenotypic changes after intra-species/inter-cultivar grafting in Cucurbitaceae. Additionally, we found significant changes in i) secondary metabolite profile, ii) global DNA methylation pattern and iii) miRNA expression patterns in grafted scions and iv) DNA methylation on graft-induced phenotypic changes in grafted plants. Our results contribute to further understanding graft-induced effects on fruit morphology in intra-species grafting. Furthermore, our results pave the way for understanding the role of phenolic metabolites and epigenetic molecular mechanisms on the phenotypic changes recorded.

scholarly journals Diversity of Pod Shape in Pisum

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Thomas Henry Noel Ellis ◽  
Julie M. I. Hofer ◽  
Eleni Vikeli ◽  
Michael J. Ambrose ◽  
Paola Higuera-Poveda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Determination ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Length Width ◽  
End Use ◽  
Pod Length

The seed-containing pod is the defining structure of plants in the legume family, yet pods exhibit a wide range of morphological variation. Within a species pod characters are likely to be correlated with reproductive strategy, and within cultivated forms will correspond to aspects of yield determination and/or end use. Here variation in pod size, described as pod length: pod width ratio, has been analyzed in pea germplasm represented by 597 accessions. This pod size variation is discussed with respect to population structure and to known classical pod morphology mutants. Variability of the pod length: width ratio can be explained by allelic variation at two genetic loci that may correspond to organ-specific negative regulators of growth.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping for Cucumber Fruit Size and Shape with Populations from Long and Round Fruited Inbred Lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Gao ◽  
Haiyang Zhang ◽  
Chenxing Cao ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qtl Mapping ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Cucumber Fruit ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape

Salacia fugax, an elusive new South American Salacioideae (Celastraceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 317 (4) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIO ANTONIO LOMBARDI ◽  
MARCELA SERNA GONZÁLEZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New South ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape

A new South American species of Salacia (Celastraceae, Salacioideae) found in Colombia and Venezuela, Salacia fugax Lombardi & M.Serna is described here. It is characterized by its indument, small long acuminate leaves with short petioles, branched inflorescences, flowers with an annular-pulvinate disk, and small pyriform fruits. This new species resembles S. mennegana J.Hedin ex Lombardi and S. opacifolia (J.F.Macbr.) A.C.Sm. by its short petioles, leaf shape, slender branched inflorescence, perianth form, and similar disc, but S. fugax differs by its hairs, leaf size and apex, calyx, and fruit size and shape.

scholarly journals The fruit metric trait characterization of scarlet eggplant using the high-throughput tomato analyzer software

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Olawale Adeniji ◽  
Modinat Adekoya ◽  
Peter Jonah ◽  
Innocent Iseghohi ◽  
Charity Aremu
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
Metric Traits ◽  
Shape And Size ◽  
Tomato Analyzer

Scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum [L.]) is an indigenous, underutilized fruit vegetable in Africa. Preference for fruit shape and size is high among growers and consumers. Fruit metric traits are important for yield improvement. Fruit metric descriptors are important contributors to variation, phenotypic and genotypic variation, and heritability. However, the measurement of these traits is cumbersome and subjective. Forty-three accessions were evaluated in 2016 and 2017. At maturity, 5 fruits were randomly harvested from each accession, digitalized and processed using the Tomato Analyzer software. Sixteen fruit metric traits were automatically generated and submitted for analysis of variance and multivariate analysis. The accessions differed over fruit size and shape due to genetic make-up. Fruit metric trait variation among S. aethiopicum groups was less influenced by the environment. The cv. Gilo group has oblong fruits, the cv. Shum group fruits are circular and ovoid; the cv. Kumba group fruits are less circular, lobed and flattened. AE/113 (C3), FUO 1 (C1) and FUO 5 (C2) Gilo groups are promising for fruit size. There were phenotypic plasticity and overlapping for fruit metric traits between the Gilo and Shum groups due to a common genome. The Tomato Analyzer software was able to discriminate accessions based on fruit phenomic traits, and the information could be used to establish commonalities between groups.

Stereological Analysis of the Dermal System of Fruit of the Grape Vitis vinifera L.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Considine
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Single Function ◽  
Periclinal Chimeras ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
Fruit Surface

Changes in cell vdume and shape in different layers of the dermal system of the grape Vitis vinifera have been analysed in relation to position along the radius of the fruit and fruit shape. Fruit surface area was found to be a function of changes in both cell area and cell number, though cell number effects were predominant. Cell volume generally increased exponentially from the epidermis inwards, though no single function adequately described the pattern for all cultivars. Deviations from a continuous pattern of change of volume were compatible with the possible occurrence of polyploid periclinal chimeras or endoploids. These results suggest that differences in cellular structure were determined by mechanisms that were independent of potential stresses associated with differences in fruit size and shape.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document