scholarly journals Short-term deleterious effects of standard isolation and cultivation methods on new tropical freshwater microalgae strains

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5143
Author(s):  
M. Magdalena Aray-Andrade ◽  
Miguel I. Uyaguari-Diaz ◽  
J. Rafael Bermúdez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

Algae with potential biotechnological applications in different industries are commonly isolated from the environment in order to obtain pure (axenic) stocks that can be safely stored for long periods of time. To obtain axenic cultures, antibiotics are frequently employed, and cryopreservation is applied to preserve standing stocks. However, many of these now standard methods were developed using strains derived from pristine to near-pristine environments and cold to temperate regions. The potential effect of the said methods on the life cycle and biochemical profile of algae isolates from hyper-eutrophic and constant high-temperature tropical regions is not well understood. These effects could potentially render them unsuitable for their intended biotechnological application. In this study, we conducted a genetic characterization (18S rRNA) and evaluated the effect of purification (the use of the antibiotic chloramphenicol, CAP) and cryopreservation (dimethyl sulfoxide; DMSO–sucrose mix and glycerol) on the growth rate and lipid content of three new tropical freshwater algal isolates: Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6, and Scenedesmus sp. R3, obtained from the Ecuadorian coast. The genetic and morphological characterization revealed a clear discrimination between these strains. All strains cultured with CAP exhibited a lower growth rate. Subsequent to cryopreservation, Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6, and Scenedesmus sp. R3 presented no significant difference in growth rate between the cryopreservants. Further, a significantly higher lipid content was observed in the biomass cryopreserved with glycerol in relation to the DMSO–sucrose, with Chorella sp. M2 and Chlorella sp. M6 having twice as much as they had in the first treatment. These results highlight the relevance of selecting an appropriate method for storage, as the materials used can affect the biological performance of different tropical species, although it is still to be determined if the effects observed in this study are long lasting in subsequent cultures of these algae.

scholarly journals Short-term deleterious effects of standard isolation and cultivation methods on new tropical freshwater microalgae strains

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Magdalena Aray-Andrade ◽  
Miguel I Uyaguari-Diaz ◽  
J. Rafael Bermúdez Monsalve
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

Algae with potential biotechnological applications in different industries are commonly isolate from the environment in order to obtain pure (axenic) stocks that can be safely stored for long periods of time. To obtain axenic cultures, antibiotics are frequently used, and cryopreservation is applied to keep standing stocks. However, many of these now standard methods were developed using strains coming from pristine-to-low intervened environments and cold-to-temperate regions. Thus, it is still not well understand the potential effect of said methods on the life cycle and biochemical profile of algae isolates from hiper-eutrophic and constant high-temperature tropical regions, which could potentially render them unsuitable for their intended biotechnological application. In this study, we conducted a genetic characterization (18S rRNA) and evaluated the effect of purification (use of the antibiotic chloramphenicol, CPA) and cryopreservation (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-sucrose mix and Glycerol) on the growth rate and lipid content of four new tropical freshwater algal isolates: Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6, Scenedesmus sp. R3, and Coelastrella sp. A2, from the Ecuadorian coast. The genetic characterization showed a clear discrimination between strains. All strains cultured with CPA had a lower growth rate. After cryopreservation Coelastrella sp. A2 did not grow with both methods; Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6 and Scenedesmus sp. R3 presented no significant difference in growth rate between the cryopreservants. A significantly higher lipid content was observed in biomass cryopreserved with glycerol in relation to DMSO-sucrose, with Chorella sp. M2 and Chlorella sp. M6 having twice as much in the first treatment. The results highlight the relevance of choosing an appropriate method for storage as the materials used can affect the biological performance of different tropical species, although is still to determine if the effects observed here are long lasting in subsequent cultures of these algae.

scholarly journals Short-term deleterious effects of standard isolation and cultivation methods on new tropical freshwater microalgae strains

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Magdalena Aray-Andrade ◽  
Miguel I Uyaguari-Diaz ◽  
J. Rafael Bermúdez Monsalve
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

Algae with potential biotechnological applications in different industries are commonly isolate from the environment in order to obtain pure (axenic) stocks that can be safely stored for long periods of time. To obtain axenic cultures, antibiotics are frequently used, and cryopreservation is applied to keep standing stocks. However, many of these now standard methods were developed using strains coming from pristine-to-low intervened environments and cold-to-temperate regions. Thus, it is still not well understand the potential effect of said methods on the life cycle and biochemical profile of algae isolates from hiper-eutrophic and constant high-temperature tropical regions, which could potentially render them unsuitable for their intended biotechnological application. In this study, we conducted a genetic characterization (18S rRNA) and evaluated the effect of purification (use of the antibiotic chloramphenicol, CPA) and cryopreservation (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-sucrose mix and Glycerol) on the growth rate and lipid content of four new tropical freshwater algal isolates: Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6, Scenedesmus sp. R3, and Coelastrella sp. A2, from the Ecuadorian coast. The genetic characterization showed a clear discrimination between strains. All strains cultured with CPA had a lower growth rate. After cryopreservation Coelastrella sp. A2 did not grow with both methods; Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6 and Scenedesmus sp. R3 presented no significant difference in growth rate between the cryopreservants. A significantly higher lipid content was observed in biomass cryopreserved with glycerol in relation to DMSO-sucrose, with Chorella sp. M2 and Chlorella sp. M6 having twice as much in the first treatment. The results highlight the relevance of choosing an appropriate method for storage as the materials used can affect the biological performance of different tropical species, although is still to determine if the effects observed here are long lasting in subsequent cultures of these algae.

scholarly journals Short-term deleterious effects of standard isolation and cultivation methods on new tropical freshwater microalgae strains

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Magdalena Aray-Andrade ◽  
Miguel I Uyaguari-Diaz ◽  
J. Rafael Bermúdez Monsalve
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

Algae with potential biotechnological applications in different industries are commonly isolate 5 from the environment in order to obtain pure (axenic) stocks that can be safely stored for long 6 periods of time. To obtain axenic cultures, antibiotics are frequently used, and cryopreservation 7 is applied to keep standing stocks. However, many of these now standard methods were 8 developed using strains coming from pristine-to-low intervened environments and cold-to- 9 temperate regions. Thus, it is still not well understand the potential effect of said methods on the 10 life cycle and biochemical profile of algae isolates from hiper-eutrophic and constant high- 11 temperature tropical regions, which could potentially render them unsuitable for their intended 12 biotechnological application. In this study, we did a genetic characterization (18s mDNA) and 13 evaluated the effect of purification (use of the antibiotic chloramphenicol, CPA) and 14 cryopreservation (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-sucrose mix and Glycerol) on the growth rate and 15 lipid content of four new tropical freshwater algal isolates: Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6, 16 Scenedesmus sp. R3, and Coelastrella sp. A2, from the Ecuadorian coast. The genetic 17 characterization showed a clear discrimination between strains. All strains cultured with CPA 18 had a lower growth rate. After cryopreservation Coelastrella sp. A2 did not grow with both 19 methods; Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6 and Scenedesmus sp. R3 presented no significant 20 difference in growth rate between the cryopreservants. A significantly higher lipid content was 21 observed in biomass cryopreserved with glycerol in relation to DMSO-sucrose, with Chorella sp. 22 M2 and Chlorella sp. M6 having twice as much in the first treatment. The results highlight the 23 relevance of choosing an appropriate method for storage as the materials used can affect the 3 1 biological performance of different tropical species, although is still to determine if the effects 2 observed here are long lasting in subsequent cultures of these algae.

Floating, switching, or nonswitching as different behaviours when Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) are visiting two feeding tanks

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Brännäs ◽  
Torleif Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Ideal Free Distribution ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time To Learn

The following questions were addressed. Will individual Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) differ in their visiting strategies when given a choice between two feeding tanks? If so, will the choice of strategy depend on individual characteristics (size) and will it affect their success (growth)? Further, will their allocation of visits to the two feeding tanks correspond to the food ratio? The passages between the nonfeeding tank and the two equally rich feeding tanks were recorded for four separate groups during a 3-week period. In an additional study, a single group was continuously monitored for 5 months using the same setup, but the feed ratio between the two feeding tanks was changed. Certain individuals in both studies consistently visited the same feeding tank (nonswitchers) and these were the most successful ones in terms of growth rate. Other individuals either kept visiting both tanks (switchers) or spent most of their time in the nonfeeding tank (floaters). These behaviours were applied by individuals that had a lower growth rate and are therefore likely to have lower competitive ability or feeding motivation. No significant difference in initial weight between the behavioural categories was found in either of the two studies. In the four-group study, the proportion of visits into the two feeding tanks matched the food ratio among the switchers only and the distribution of the groups failed to match the food ratio. In the single-group study, the group distributed according to the food ratio (ideal free distribution) if they were given sufficient time to learn the quality of the patches. A change in the relative food ratio caused the switchers and floaters to alter their visiting behaviour, always favouring the more profitable tank, whereas the nonswitchers continued to visit the same tank.

The Importance of Comparative Growth Rates in Determining the Canopy Composition of Tasmanian Rainforest

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Read
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Canopy Composition ◽  
Study Sites

Growth rates of the rainforest canopy species Atherosperma moschatum Labill., Eucryphia lucida (Labill.) Baill., Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst., Athrotaxis selaginoides D.Don and Phyllocladus aspleniifolius (Labill.) Hook.f. were measured in naturally-occurring seedlings and in seedlings grown in glasshouse pot trials. The highest field growth rates were recorded in N. cunninghamii on lowland sites on fertile, well-drained soils. On poorer soils, growth rates of N. cunninghamii were lower and there was little difference in growth rates between species. On the most acidic and probably infertile soil, the growth rate of P. aspleniifolius was 1.4 times higher than that of N. cunninghamii, although not significantly different at the 95% level. Similar trends in growth rates were recorded in pot trials. High growth rates were recorded in N. cunninghamii and E. lucida on fertile, well-drained soils, with generally lower growth rates in A. moschatum, P. aspleniifolius and A. selaginoides. No significant difference in growth rate was recorded among N. cunninghamii, E. lucida, A. moschatum and P. aspleniifolius when grown in poor soils or in low nutrient treatments. The trends in comparative growth rates correlate with the measured canopy composition of the study sites. Nothofagus cunninghamii dominates forest stands on sites where it has a clearly superior growth rate compared with co-occurring light-demanding species. Mixed canopies occur on sites where there is little or no difference between species' growth rates. However, not all patterns of canopy dominance can be explained by comparative growth rates alone. For example, P. aspleniifolius commonly dominates forest stands at low to mid-altitude where growth rates of all species are very low, but without necessarily a higher growth rate in P. aspleniifolius than in co-occurring species. The results of the growth rate studies are integrated with some other aspects of the biology of these species in a discussion of the mechanisms determining canopy composition of Tasmanian rainforests.

DIGESTIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF OAC WINTRI TRITICALE BY GROWING PIGS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. LUN ◽  
J. A. H. M. SMULDERS ◽  
O. ADEOLA ◽  
L. G. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference

The digestibility and acceptability of OAC Wintri triticale were evaluated in two trials. In trial 1, three diets in which triticale replaced 0, 50 or 100% of corn were fed to 12 barrows individually housed in digestion crates. No significant difference was observed in dry matter digestibility among diets. Daily fecal nitrogen, daily absorbed nitrogen and apparent protein digestibility adjusted to equal nitrogen intake responded quadratically (P < 0.01) to increasing levels of triticale in the diets. There were no significant differences in daily retained nitrogen, apparent biological value or net protein utilization among diets. Gross energy digestibility, digestible energy (MJ kg−1) or metabolizable energy (MJ kg−1) were not different among diets. The second trial involved pair-feeding 48 pigs (average initial weight 36.7 kg) for 28 d to ascertain the acceptability of triticale to pigs utilizing the same diets as in trial 1. Increasing levels of dietary triticale resulted in a linear reduction (P < 0.001) in feed consumption and growth rate with pigs fed ad libitum. Feed efficiency was poorest when pigs consumed the highest level of triticale. The pair-feeding experiment indicated that pigs fed the diet in which triticale replaced 100% of the corn had a lower growth rate than pigs fed the corn diet even though feed intake on the two diets was similar. In summary therefore, all diets had a similar digestibility. OAC Wintri triticale was less acceptable to pigs, presumably due to poorer palatability, and resulted in lower daily gain than corn. The pair-feeding trial indicated that unknown antinutritional factors may be responsible for part of the poor performance of pigs fed this variety of triticale. Key words: OAC Wintri triticale, digestibility, acceptability, performance, growing pigs

scholarly journals Assessment of the Growth and Reproductive Performance of Cloned Pietrain Boars

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Junsong Shi ◽  
Baohua Tan ◽  
Lvhua Luo ◽  
Zicong Li ◽  
Linjun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
F1 Progeny

How to maximize the use of the genetic merits of the high-ranking boars (also called superior ones) is a considerable question in the pig breeding industry, considering the money and time spent on selection. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is one of the potential ways to answer the question, which can be applied to produce clones with genetic resources of superior boar for the production of commercial pigs. For practical application, it is essential to investigate whether the clones and their progeny keep behaving better than the “normal boars”, considering that in vitro culture and transfer manipulation would cause a series of harmful effects to the development of clones. In this study, 59,061 cloned embryos were transferred into 250 recipient sows to produce the clones of superior Pietrain boars. The growth performance of 12 clones and 36 non-clones and the semen quality of 19 clones and 28 non-clones were compared. The reproductive performance of 21 clones and 25 non-clones were also tested. Furthermore, we made a comparison in the growth performance between 466 progeny of the clones and 822 progeny of the non-clones. Our results showed that no significant difference in semen quality and reproductive performance was observed between the clones and the non-clones, although the clones grew slower and exhibited smaller body size than the non-clones. The F1 progeny of the clones showed a greater growth rate than the non-clones. Our results demonstrated through the large animal population showed that SCNT manipulation resulted in a low growth rate and small body size, but the clones could normally produce F1 progeny with excellent growth traits to bring more economic benefits. Therefore, SCNT could be effective in enlarging the merit genetics of the superior boars and increasing the economic benefits in pig reproduction and breeding.

scholarly journals Unusual Dependence of the Diamond Growth Rate on the Methane Concentration in the Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition Process

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Byeong-Kwan Song ◽  
Hwan-Young Kim ◽  
Kun-Su Kim ◽  
Jeong-Woo Yang ◽  
Nong-Moon Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Diamond Growth ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Filament Temperature ◽  
Diamond Phase ◽  
Hot Filament

Although the growth rate of diamond increased with increasing methane concentration at the filament temperature of 2100 °C during a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD), it decreased with increasing methane concentration from 1% CH4 –99% H2 to 3% CH4 –97% H2 at 1900 °C. We investigated this unusual dependence of the growth rate on the methane concentration, which might give insight into the growth mechanism of a diamond. One possibility would be that the high methane concentration increases the non-diamond phase, which is then etched faster by atomic hydrogen, resulting in a decrease in the growth rate with increasing methane concentration. At 3% CH4 –97% H2, the graphite was coated on the hot filament both at 1900 °C and 2100 °C. The graphite coating on the filament decreased the number of electrons emitted from the hot filament. The electron emission at 3% CH4 –97% H2 was 13 times less than that at 1% CH4 –99% H2 at the filament temperature of 1900 °C. The lower number of electrons at 3% CH4 –97% H2 was attributed to the formation of the non-diamond phase, which etched faster than diamond, resulting in a lower growth rate.

scholarly journals Effect of Light Intensity and Quality on Growth Rate and Composition of Chlorella vulgaris

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria N. Metsoviti ◽  
George Papapolymerou ◽  
Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis ◽  
Nikolaos Katsoulas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
White Led ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Nm Range ◽  
Effect Of Light

In this research, the effect of solar irradiance on Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in open bioreactors under greenhouse conditions was investigated, as well as of ratio of light intensity in the 420–520 nm range to light in the 580–680 nm range (I420–520/I580–680) and of artificial irradiation provided by red and white LED lamps in a closed flat plate laboratory bioreactor on the growth rate and composition. The increase in solar irradiance led to faster growth rates (μexp) of C. vulgaris under both environmental conditions studied in the greenhouse (in June up to 0.33 d−1 and in September up to 0.29 d−1) and higher lipid content in microalgal biomass (in June up to 25.6% and in September up to 24.7%). In the experiments conducted in the closed bioreactor, as the ratio I420–520/I580–680 increased, the specific growth rate and the biomass, protein and lipid productivities increased as well. Additionally, the increase in light intensity with red and white LED lamps resulted in faster growth rates (the μexp increased up to 0.36 d−1) and higher lipid content (up to 22.2%), while the protein, fiber, ash and moisture content remained relatively constant. Overall, the trend in biomass, lipid, and protein productivities as a function of light intensity was similar in the two systems (greenhouse and bioreactor).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document