DIGESTIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF OAC WINTRI TRITICALE BY GROWING PIGS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. LUN ◽  
J. A. H. M. SMULDERS ◽  
O. ADEOLA ◽  
L. G. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference

The digestibility and acceptability of OAC Wintri triticale were evaluated in two trials. In trial 1, three diets in which triticale replaced 0, 50 or 100% of corn were fed to 12 barrows individually housed in digestion crates. No significant difference was observed in dry matter digestibility among diets. Daily fecal nitrogen, daily absorbed nitrogen and apparent protein digestibility adjusted to equal nitrogen intake responded quadratically (P < 0.01) to increasing levels of triticale in the diets. There were no significant differences in daily retained nitrogen, apparent biological value or net protein utilization among diets. Gross energy digestibility, digestible energy (MJ kg−1) or metabolizable energy (MJ kg−1) were not different among diets. The second trial involved pair-feeding 48 pigs (average initial weight 36.7 kg) for 28 d to ascertain the acceptability of triticale to pigs utilizing the same diets as in trial 1. Increasing levels of dietary triticale resulted in a linear reduction (P < 0.001) in feed consumption and growth rate with pigs fed ad libitum. Feed efficiency was poorest when pigs consumed the highest level of triticale. The pair-feeding experiment indicated that pigs fed the diet in which triticale replaced 100% of the corn had a lower growth rate than pigs fed the corn diet even though feed intake on the two diets was similar. In summary therefore, all diets had a similar digestibility. OAC Wintri triticale was less acceptable to pigs, presumably due to poorer palatability, and resulted in lower daily gain than corn. The pair-feeding trial indicated that unknown antinutritional factors may be responsible for part of the poor performance of pigs fed this variety of triticale. Key words: OAC Wintri triticale, digestibility, acceptability, performance, growing pigs

Evaluation of the nutritive value of jackseed (Artocarpus heterophyllus) meal for poultry

1996 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
V. Ravindran ◽  
G. Ravindran ◽  
R. Sivakanesan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Moist Heat ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

SUMMARYThe starchy seeds of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) contain 124 g crude protein and 740 g total carbohydrates per kg. The possible replacement value of jackseed meal (JSM) for maize in chick diets was evaluated in Peradeniya, Sri Lanka between 1986 and 1989. In Expt 1, the inclusion of 125 and 250 g raw JSM/kg diet severely depressed growth performance and increased mortality in chicks. Organ weights, relative to body weight, were also affected in chicks fed on diets containing 250 g raw JSM/kg diet. Subsequent analyses revealed lectins and trypsin inhibitors to be responsible for the toxic effects of raw JSM. Processing of JSM by moist-heat treatment completely destroyed these antinutritional factors. This was demonstrated by the results of Expt 2, where the feeding value of processed JSM was found to be comparable to that of maize up to 250 g/kg diet. Moist-heat treatment also improved the in vitro protein digestibility (56·7 v. 84·2%) and apparent metabolizable energy (8·97 v. 13·72 MJ/kg) values of JSM. In Expt 3, the inclusion of 500 g processed JSM/kg diet resulted in reduced broiler performance and lowered the apparent dry matter digestibility and apparent energy utilization of the diets. The non-starch polysaccharide component of the JSM may have been responsible for these negative effects.

Effect of salinomycin and enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility and the performance of pigs fed barley- or rye-based diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
J. W. D. GrootWassink
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Beta Glucanase ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Two experiments of a factorial design (sex × treatment) were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme and salinomycin supplementation on the nutritive value of barley or rye-based diets for growing pigs fed from approximately 20 to 85 kg. For exp. 1, 72 crossbred pigs were fed either a barley-based control diet or a similar diet supplemented with enzyme (Aspergillus niger; 750 units g−1 beta-glucanase and 650 units g−1 pentosanase), salinomycin (25 ppm) or both additives in combination. For exp. 2, two replicates of 48 pigs were fed either a barley-based diet, an unsupplemented rye-based diet or a rye-based diet supplemented with enzyme, salinomycin or both additives. During both experiments, chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diet of four to six pigs/treatment to act as a digestibility indicator starting when the pigs reached 42 kg. Neither enzyme nor salinomycin, alone or in combination, significantly improved the growth rate or feed efficiency of pigs fed barley or rye. Supplementation of barley with the combination of additives significantly (P < 0.05) improved protein digestibility while neither enzyme nor salinomycin had any effect on nutrient digestibility when fed alone. In rye-based diets, salinomycin, both alone and in combination, significantly (P < 0.05) improved the digestibility of crude protein and energy. Dry matter digestibility of the rye-based diets was unaffected by treatment. Key words: Swine, rye, barley, beta-glucanase, pentosanase, salinomycin

scholarly journals Nutritional and energetic value of rice by-products, with or without phytase, for growing pigs

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1305-1310
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Dadalt ◽  
Andréa Machado Leal Ribeiro ◽  
Alexandre de Mello Kessler ◽  
William Rui Wesendonck ◽  
Luciane Bockor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Defatted Rice Bran ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
By Products

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional and energetic value of rice by-products, with or without phytase, using growing pigs. Thirty-six male pigs were housed in individual metabolic cages. Total collection of feces and urine was carried out in two periods of ten days: five days for adaptation and five days for collection. A randomized blocks design was used, considering the sampling period as a block, with five treatments and seven replicates. Two control diets (with and without phytase - Phy) were used in the digestibility calculations, the latter in order to evaluate the enzyme influence on energy digestibility of the tested ingredients. The control diet was replaced by 30% of one of the ingredients: defatted rice bran (DRB) with and without Phy and dephytinised defatted rice bran (DDRB). The use of Phy in the control diet did not influence DRB+Phy energy digestibility. Relative to DRB+Phy, dephytinised defatted rice bran had higher contents of ME and digestible protein but lower digestible P and Ca. Phy supplementation increased Ca and P utilization of DRB and improved energy and protein digestibility. The DRB without Phy showed the lowest digestibility coefficients for all responses. Metabolizable energy, digestible protein, phosphorus and calcium of DRB, DRB+Phy and DDRB were respectively, 2140, 2288 and 2519kcal kg-1; 79.25, 92.41 and 107.10g kg-1; 1.62, 3.41, and 2.11g kg-1 and 2.80, 3.79 and 2.90g kg-1.

Performance of growing pigs fed wheat, barley, or triticale

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Davies ◽  
BC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Significant Difference

Four groups of 12 Large White pigs (six boars and six gilts) were fed from 14 to 47 kg liveweight on diets based on Kite wheat, Coorong triticale, Clipper barley or 2231 barley. The diets were formulated to provide 0.56 g lysine/MJ digestible energy and were fed to supply three times the maintenance energy requirement. On both liveweight and carcass weight bases, the pigs fed the diet containing Coorong triticale grew more slowly than those fed Kite wheat (P < 0 01); there were no differences in backfat thickness. The efficiency of utilization of lysine was depressed to a greater extent than that of digestible energy. This was consistent with the lysine limitation of the diets and suggested that the growth depression was mediated through an effect on amino acid rather than energy utilization. Differences between the barley cultivars were less consistent: pigs fed 2231 had significantly higher liveweight but not carcass growth rate. There was no significant difference in backfat thickness. Differences in growth rate and the efficiency of lysine and digestible energy utilization were not associated with differences in trypsin inhibitor activity of the grains, nor was there evidence of undesirable nutritional effects associated with elevated beta glucan in barley 2231.

scholarly journals The Grain Replacement Value of Processed Cassava in Broiler Finisher Rations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
F. C. Obioha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference

EIGHT hundred Starbrow day-old broiler chicks were raised on deep litter on a commercial broiler starter ration. At the end of seven weeks the chicks were randomly and equally alloted to five experimental broiler finisher rations in which maize and gari constituted the main carbohydrate source in the proportions 58:0, 39:16, 29:24.5, 19:33 and 0.49% of ration, respectively. The protein source, groundnut cake, was varied accordingly such that the five rations were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. All other ingredients were mixed in the same amounts for all five rations which were balanced for essential nutrients. All chicks received ad libitum intake of feed and water from the eight week to the thirteenth week when the experiment was concluded. Feed consumption, growth rate, feed efficiency, dressed carcass percentage, liver Weight and abdominal fat percentage were used as parameters to evaluate the relative efficacy of the five ration treatments.  Birds on gari rations consumed 3.2% less feed on the average, than those on the Control maize ration, for nearly identical gains. Feed/gain ratio was, therefore, slightly lower for the gari treatments, the lowest value coming from the ration in which maize/gari ratio was 29%:24.5%. Average body weights, rate of gain and feed gain ratio were not significantly different. Variations in carcass and organoleptic measurements indicated no significant differences from dressed carcass percentage, liver weight percentage, tenderness, juiciness, colour or general acceptability. However, abdominal fat percentage was significantly [P<0.001] larger in the gari rations than the control maize ration. This value was highest in the ration that contained only gari as the major carbohydrate source. There was no significant difference in the iodine number of the abdominal fat of the five treatments.  The results of this study suggest that gari can replace all the maize in broiler finisher rations or constitute up to 49% of the whole ration, without any decrease in growth rate or carcass quality of broilers, provided such a ration is balanced for protein and amino acids. The best substitution level from this study appears to be at 50%, or 29% of the whole ration.

scholarly journals High quality cassava peel fine mash as replacement for maize in diets of growing pigs: 2. Effects on nutrient and fibre fraction digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
A. A. Fatufe ◽  
O. A. Adebiyi ◽  
A. O. K Adesehinwa ◽  
E. Ajayi ◽  
R. K. Abidoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Fibre Fraction

Twenty growing pigs with an average initial weight of 53±0.5 kg (± SE) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with four replicates per treatment and one animal in each replicate. A total tract digestibility trial was carried out to determine the effect of partial replacement of maize with graded levels of high quality cassava peel (HQCP) mashon the nutrient digestibility and fibre fraction digestibility of growing pigs. The control diet T1 had 40% of maize, while the dietary treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 had7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% of HQCP corresponding to replacement of maize by 0, 19, 38, 56 and 75% respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient of dry matter, nitrogen free extract, organic matter and energy. There were significant(P<0.05)variationsintheapparentdigestibilityofcrudeprotein,crudefibreand ether extract and the crude protein digestibility decreased as the level of HQCP increased from 7.5 to 30%. Also, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin digestibilities with the inclusion of HQCP compared to the control, whereas there was no significant (P>0.05) influence of HQCP inclusion on hemicellulose digestibility among the treatments. It can thus be concluded that the nutritional potential of high quality cassava peel can still be realised when fed up to 30% in growing pig diet

The laying performance of hens fed Uniwhite lupin seed and supplementary DL-methionine

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (80) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
RJ Hughes ◽  
KS Orange
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Factorial Treatments

Hens, aged 34 weeks, were fed diets containing 0, 10 or 20 per cent lupin seed (cv. Uniwhite) and sufficient DL-methionine to raise the level to either 1.23 or 2 per cent of the protein. (1.23 per cent was the proportion of methionine in the control diet containing wheat, barley and meat-meal but no lupin seed.) The hens were fed for 24 weeks and each diet had the same metabolizable energy to nutrient ratio for each of the following: crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and supplementary vitamins and trace elements. Egg number, egg weight, graded quality of eggs and mortality were recorded daily. Feed consumption was recorded midway and at the end of the experiment. An average peak rate of lay of 76 per cent was reached at 34 weeks and held until hens were 39 weeks of age. At the end of the study (hens aged 58 weeks), the average rate of lay was 57 per cent. Feed consumption increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increased proportions of lupin seed in the diet. There was a significant difference in mean egg weight (58.1 v 58.6 g) between factorial treatments containing methionine at 1.23 and 2 per cent of the protein. There were no significant differences between factorial treatments in any other of the measurements analyzed, namely, hen-day egg production, consumption of metabolizable energy or of protein, or the metabolizable energy or protein required per kg of egg. Uniwhite lupin seed supplemented with methionine was included in a laying diet at 10 and 20 per cent without a subsequent loss of laying performance.

Moist barley preserved with acid in the diet of the growing pig

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Perez-Aleman ◽  
D. G. Dempster ◽  
P. R. English ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThe feeding value of moist barley (approximately 27% moisture) which had been treated with 1·3 % of a mixture of formic (70 %) and propionic (30 %) acids was compared with that of dried barley for growing pigs from 23 to 85 kg live weight. Two experiments were undertaken; 96 pigs were fed ad libitum on one of three diets containing dried or acid-treated moist barley and another 48 pigs were individually fed on one of four diets containing dried or acid-treated moist barley in controlled amounts. These amounts were governed by an allowance of dry matter at a certain live weight.In neither experiment were significant differences found between the treatments in growth rate or efficiency of utilization of food dry matter. Pigs fed ad libitum showed no significant difference in intake of dry matter, but those given the diet containing dried barley had a higher content of fat in their carcass than those on the acid-treated barley. A total of 21 pigs, 16 fed ad libitum and all receiving diets containing acid-treated barley had a discolouration of fat in the carcass.

scholarly journals Short-term deleterious effects of standard isolation and cultivation methods on new tropical freshwater microalgae strains

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Magdalena Aray-Andrade ◽  
Miguel I Uyaguari-Diaz ◽  
J. Rafael Bermúdez Monsalve
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tropical Freshwater

Algae with potential biotechnological applications in different industries are commonly isolate from the environment in order to obtain pure (axenic) stocks that can be safely stored for long periods of time. To obtain axenic cultures, antibiotics are frequently used, and cryopreservation is applied to keep standing stocks. However, many of these now standard methods were developed using strains coming from pristine-to-low intervened environments and cold-to-temperate regions. Thus, it is still not well understand the potential effect of said methods on the life cycle and biochemical profile of algae isolates from hiper-eutrophic and constant high-temperature tropical regions, which could potentially render them unsuitable for their intended biotechnological application. In this study, we conducted a genetic characterization (18S rRNA) and evaluated the effect of purification (use of the antibiotic chloramphenicol, CPA) and cryopreservation (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-sucrose mix and Glycerol) on the growth rate and lipid content of four new tropical freshwater algal isolates: Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6, Scenedesmus sp. R3, and Coelastrella sp. A2, from the Ecuadorian coast. The genetic characterization showed a clear discrimination between strains. All strains cultured with CPA had a lower growth rate. After cryopreservation Coelastrella sp. A2 did not grow with both methods; Chorella sp. M2, Chlorella sp. M6 and Scenedesmus sp. R3 presented no significant difference in growth rate between the cryopreservants. A significantly higher lipid content was observed in biomass cryopreserved with glycerol in relation to DMSO-sucrose, with Chorella sp. M2 and Chlorella sp. M6 having twice as much in the first treatment. The results highlight the relevance of choosing an appropriate method for storage as the materials used can affect the biological performance of different tropical species, although is still to determine if the effects observed here are long lasting in subsequent cultures of these algae.

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