scholarly journals Enhanced conflict monitoring via a short-duration, video-assisted deep breathing in healthy young adults: an event-related potential approach through the Go/NoGo paradigm

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok Suen Cheng ◽  
Yun Fah Chang ◽  
Ray P.S. Han ◽  
Poh Foong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Conflict Monitoring ◽  
Mindfulness Practices

Objectives Practitioners of mindfulness are reported to have greater cognitive control especially in conflict monitoring, response inhibition and sustained attention. However, due to the various existing methods in each mindfulness practices and also, the high commitment factor, a barrier still exists for an individual to pick up the practices. Therefore, the effect of short duration deep breathing on the cognitive control is investigated here. Methods Short duration guided deep breathing videos consisting of 5, 7 and 9 min respectively were created and used on subjects training. The effect on cognitive control was assessed using a Go/NoGo task along with event-related potential (ERP) measurements at Fz, Cz, and Pz. Results From the study, the significant outcome showed at the follow-up session in which participants engaged for 5 min deep breathing group showed a profound NoGo N2 amplitude increment as compared to the control group, indicating an enhanced conflict monitoring ability. An inverse relationship between the NoGo N2 amplitude and the breathing duration is observed as well at the follow-up session. Conclusion These results indicated the possibility of performing short duration deep breathing guided by a video to achieve an enhanced conflict monitoring as an alternative to other mindfulness practices and 5 min is found to be the optimum practice duration. Significant This study is the first to establish a relationship between deep breathing and conflict monitoring through ERP. The study population of young adults taken from the same environment reduces the variance in ERP results due to age and environment. Limitation A larger sample size would provide a greater statistical power. A longer duration of deep breathing should be investigated to further clarify the relationship between the practice duration and the NoGo N2 amplitude. The result can be split by gender and analyzed separately due to the different brain structure of males and females.

scholarly journals Effects of multi-domain cognitive training on working memory retrieval in older adults: behavioral and ERP evidence from a Chinese community study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfei Hong ◽  
You Chen ◽  
Jijun Wang ◽  
Yuan Shen ◽  
Qingwei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Session

AbstractWorking memory (WM) is a fundamental cognitive function that typically declines with age. Previous studies have shown that targeted WM training has the potential to improve WM performance in older adults. In the present study, we investigated whether a multi-domain cognitive training program that was not designed to specifically target WM could improve the behavioral performance and affect the neural activity during WM retrieval in healthy older adults. We assigned healthy older participants (70–78 years old) from a local community into a training group who completed a 3-month multi-domain cognitive training and a control group who only attended health education lectures during the same period. Behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded from participants while performing an untrained delayed match or non-match to category task and a control task at a pre-training baseline session and a post-training follow-up session. Behaviorally, we found that participants in the training group showed a trend toward greater WM performance gains than participants in the control group. Event-related potential (ERP) results suggest that the task-related modulation of P3 during WM retrieval was significantly enhanced at the follow-up session compared with the baseline session, and importantly, this enhancement of P3 modulation was only significant in the training group. Furthermore, no training-related effects were observed for the P2 or N2 component during WM retrieval. These results suggest that the multi-domain cognitive training program that was not designed to specifically target WM is a promising approach to improve WM performance in older adults, and that training-related gains in performance are likely mediated by an enhanced modulation of P3 which might reflect the process of WM updating.

scholarly journals Sports training enhances visuo-spatial cognition regardless of open-closed typology

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Yu Chueh ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Shu-Shih Hsieh ◽  
Kuan-Fu Chen ◽  
Yu-Kai Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Speed Accuracy

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of open and closed sport participation on visuo-spatial attention and memory performance among young adults. Forty-eight young adults—16 open-skill athletes, 16 closed-skill athletes, and 16 non-athletes controls—were recruited for the study. Both behavioral performance and event-related potential (ERP) measurement were assessed when participants performed non-delayed and delayed match-to-sample task that tested visuo-spatial attention and memory processing. Results demonstrated that regardless of training typology, the athlete groups exhibited shorter reaction times in both the visuo-spatial attention and memory conditions than the control group with no existence of speed-accuracy trade-off. Similarly, a larger P3 amplitudes were observed in both athlete groups than in the control group for the visuo-spatial memory condition. These findings suggest that sports training, regardless of typology, are associated with superior visuo-spatial attention and memory performance, and more efficient neural resource allocation in memory processing.

scholarly journals Influence of a Survival Swimming Training Programme on Water Safety Knowledge, Attitudes and Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial among Young Adults in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11428
Author(s):  
Jeewanthika Ekanayaka ◽  
Chan Kim Geok ◽  
Bernadette Matthews ◽  
Samath D. Dharmaratne
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Safety Knowledge

Drowning among young adults is high in Sri Lanka. Water safety education is a recommended strategy for drowning prevention but is often overlooked for young adults. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted educational intervention, “Swim for Safety” on improving water safety knowledge, attitudes and survival swimming skills among undergraduates (19–28 years) in Sri Lanka. This study employed a parallel-group, two-arm randomized controlled trial design. The intervention group (n = 78) received a face-to-face, 12-lesson education programme, and the control group (n = 78) received a brochure and weekly mobile phone messages for six consecutive weeks. Baseline, post-intervention and three-month follow-up knowledge, attitudes and skills were evaluated. Knowledge and attitudes were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire and skills were evaluated following a skills assessment protocol. In total 116 participants, 60 intervention group and 56 control group, completed the study. At baseline there were no differences between groups in median scores of water safety knowledge, attitudes and survival swimming skills. The intervention group demonstrated statistically significant increases in median water safety knowledge, attitudes and survival swimming skill scores compared with the control group, following the intervention and maintained at three-month follow-up (p < 0.05). The adapted Swim for Safety programme significantly improved water safety knowledge, attitudes, and survival swimming skills among young adults in Sri Lanka. Therefore, it is recommended that the SfS programme be implemented widely to prevent drowning in young adults.

scholarly journals Neuronal Correlates of Cognitive Control Are Altered in Women With Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Z. Steiner ◽  
Robert J. Barry ◽  
Katherine Wassink ◽  
Frances M. De Blasio ◽  
Jack S. Fogarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Pelvic Pain ◽  
Chronic Pelvic Pain ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Related Potentials

Endometriosis is a debilitating women's health condition and is the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain. Impaired cognitive control is common in chronic pain conditions, however, it has not yet been investigated in endometriosis. The aim of this study was to explore the neuronal correlates of cognitive control in women with endometriosis. Using a cross-sectional study design with data collected at a single time-point, event-related potentials were elicited during a cued continuous performance test from 20 women with endometriosis (mean age = 28.5 ± 5.2 years) and 20 age- and gender-matched controls (mean age = 28.5 ± 5.2 years). Event-related potential components were extracted and P3 component amplitudes were derived with temporal principal components analysis. Behavioral and ERP outcomes were compared between groups and subjective pain severity was correlated with ERP component amplitudes. No significant behavioral differences were seen in task performance between the groups (all p &gt; 0.094). Target P3b (all p &lt; 0.034) and SW (all p &lt; 0.040), and non-target early P3a (eP3a; all p &lt; 0.023) and late P3a (lP3a; all p &lt; 0.035) amplitudes were smaller for the endometriosis compared to the healthy control group. Lower non-target eP3a (p &lt; 0.001), lP3a (p = 0.013), and SW (p = 0.019) amplitudes were correlated with higher pain severity scores. Findings suggest that endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain is linked to alterations in stimulus-response processing and inhibitory control networks, but not impaired behavioral performance, due to compensatory neuroplastic changes in overlapping cognitive control and pain networks.

scholarly journals IS COMBINED TRAINING MORE EFFECTIVE THAN SINGLE-DOMAIN TRAINING: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL WITH OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S721-S721
Author(s):  
Soledad Ballesteros ◽  
Jennifer Rieker ◽  
josé M Reales ◽  
julia Mayas ◽  
María Pilar Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Cognitive Intervention ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Activity

Abstract Previous research suggests that both cognitive training and physical exercise help to maintain brain health and cognitive functions that decline with age. The main objectives of this four-arms RCT are (1) to investigate the synergetic effects of a group-based multidomain training program that combines cognitive video-game training with physical exercise, in comparison to those produced by cognitive training combined with physical control activity, physical training combined with cognitive control activity, or a combination of both control activities; (2) to investigate in a memory-based task switching task whether event Related Potential (ERP) latencies of the P2 component are shorter, and N2 and P3b components are enhanced after training; and (3) to find out whether possible enhancements persist after a 3-month period without training. One hundred and twenty participants will be randomly assigned to one of the four combinations of cognitive training and physical exercise. The cognitive component will be either video-game training (cognitive intervention, CI) or video games not specifically designed to train cognition (cognitive control, CC). The physical exercise component will either emphasize endurance, strength, and music-movement coordination (exercise intervention, EI) or stretching, toning and relaxation (exercise control, EC). This RCT will investigate the short and long-term effects of combined multi-domain training compared to cognitive training and physical training alone, on executive control and memory functions of healthy older adults, in comparison with the performance of an active control group. This trial is an ongoing project started in 2018. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03823183; https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/

The Significance of Impulsive Error in Children With ADHD

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chi Liao ◽  
Nai-Wen Guo ◽  
Shin-Jaw Chen ◽  
Hsing-Fang Tsai ◽  
Jhih-Hong Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Simple Reaction Time Task ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Error Awareness ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Error Related Negativity

A deficit of inhibition ability is a neuropsychological problem in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We investigated whether in children who made impulsive error (IE), less error-related negativity (ERN) would correlate with poorer executive attention functions (EAFs). Ninety children (49 with ADHD and 41 without ADHD) were investigated by a 4-minute simple reaction time task and simultaneous electroencephalogram. When they made IE, the ERN in response-locked event-related potential (ERP) was defined as error awareness. The average area under curve of ERN in the control group with IEs was used as the proper criterion for regrouping the children with ADHD into 2 groups: ADHD children with enough ERN (ADHD-enough ERN) and those with less ERN (ADHD-less ERN). EAFs from Comprehensive Nonverbal Attention Test were used as objective indices, and behavioral questionnaires were used as subjective indices and statistically analyzed within ADHD groups. Forty-eight percent of the children made IEs. ADHD(n = 31, 63%) was significantly more than in the control group (n = 12, 29%; P < .001). The ADHD group had significantly less ERN than did the control group while making IE, especially at frontal and central electrodes ( P < .01). Both ADHD-less ERN and ADHD-enough ERN groups had poorer subjective EAFs on questionnaires. Only the ADHD-less ERN group had significant poorer objective EAFs on the Comprehensive Nonverbal Attention Test than did the ADHD without IE. We conclude that investigating the IE and ERN of IE in children with ADHD might help to differentiate subtypes of ADHD with different neuropsychological abilities, and the possibility that ADHD-less ERN children might be confirmed a meaningful subgroup that needs close follow-up, treatments different from standard, or both.

scholarly journals High-power short-duration radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kassa ◽  
Z Nagy ◽  
B Kesoi ◽  
Z Som ◽  
C Foldesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Contact Force ◽  
High Power ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Pericardial Tamponade ◽  
Fluoroscopy Time ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction In recent times, high-power short-duration (HPSD) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as an alternative strategy for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in atrial fibrillation (AF). Purpose We aimed to compare HPSD approach and conventional, ablation-index (AI) guided PVI using contact force sensing ablation catheters in respect of efficacy, safety, procedural characteristics, and outcome. Methods A total of 184 consecutive AF patients with first PVI were enrolled (age: 60 ± 11 years, paroxysmal: 56.5%, persistent: 43.5%) between November 2016 and December 2019. An ablation protocol of 50W energy with 15-20 g contact force was used for a duration of 8-12 sec based on the loss of capture concept in the HPSD group (n = 91) meanwhile, PVI was achieved according to the conventional power settings (posterior wall 25W, AI: 400, anterior wall 35W, AI: 550 ) in the control group (n = 93). During 1-year follow-up, documented AF for more than 30 seconds was considered as recurrence. Results Radiofrequency time and procedural time were significantly shorter using HPSD ablation (26.0 ± 12.7 min vs. 42.9 ± 12.6 min, p &lt; 0.001, and 91 ± 30.1 min vs. 105.3 ± 28 min, p &lt; 0.001). The HPSD strategy significantly lowered fluoroscopy time and radiation dose (5.47 ± 4.07 min vs. 8.15 ± 10.04 min, p = 0.019, and 430.2 ± 534.06 cGycm2 vs. 604.2 ± 633.9 cGycm2, p = 0.046). The HPSD group showed significantly less arrhythmia recurrence during 1-year follow-up with 76.9% of patients free from AF compared to 66.7% in the control group (p = 0.037). No pericardial tamponade, periprocedural thromboembolic complication, or atrio-oesophageal fistula occurred in the HPSD group. We observed 2 pericardial tamponade and 1 periprocedural stroke in the control group. Conclusions HPSD RFA for AF was demonstrated to be safe, and lead to significantly improved 1-year outcome in our mixed patient population. HPSD protocol significantly shortened procedural and radiofrequency time with decreased fluoroscopy time and radiation exposure.

scholarly journals MAP training: combining meditation and aerobic exercise reduces depression and rumination while enhancing synchronized brain activity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Alderman ◽  
Ryan Olson ◽  
C.J. Brush ◽  
Tracey Shors
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Moderate Intensity

Mental and physical (MAP) training is a novel clinical intervention that combines mental training through meditation and physical training through aerobic exercise. The intervention was translated from neuroscientific studies indicating that MAP training increases neurogenesis in the adult brain. Each session consisted of 30 min of focused-attention (FA) meditation and 30 min of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Fifty-two participants completed the 8-week intervention, which consisted of two sessions per week. Following the intervention, individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 22) reported significantly less depressive symptoms and ruminative thoughts. Typical healthy individuals (n = 30) also reported less depressive symptoms at follow-up. Behavioral and event-related potential indices of cognitive control were collected at baseline and follow-up during a modified flanker task. Following MAP training, N2 and P3 component amplitudes increased relative to baseline, especially among individuals with MDD. These data indicate enhanced neural responses during the detection and resolution of conflicting stimuli. Although previous research has supported the individual beneficial effects of aerobic exercise and meditation for depression, these findings indicate that a combination of the two may be particularly effective in increasing cognitive control processes and decreasing ruminative thought patterns.

scholarly journals Efficacy of an Online Self-Help Treatment for Comorbid Alcohol Misuse and Emotional Problems in Young Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jona R Frohlich ◽  
Karli K Rapinda ◽  
Michael P Schaub ◽  
Andreas Wenger ◽  
Christian Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Self Help

BACKGROUND Alcohol misuse and emotional problems (ie, depression and anxiety) are highly comorbid among Canadian young adults. However, there is a lack of integrated, accessible, and evidence-based treatment options for these young adults. OBJECTIVE The main goal of this study is to develop and test the efficacy of an integrated, online self-help program designed to target both alcohol misuse and emotional problems. METHODS A two-arm randomized controlled trial design will be used to compare the efficacy of the online integrated treatment to a psychoeducational control group. A target sample of 214 participants will be recruited and randomly assigned to either condition. The integrated treatment will last 8 weeks, and participants will work through 12 modules. Modules will incorporate content based on principles of cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. Participants in the control group will receive links to psychoeducational resources and will have access to the full treatment after follow-up. The primary outcome will be the number of Canadian standard drinks consumed in the week leading up the assessment. Secondary outcomes of interest include symptoms of depression, anxiety, alcohol-related problems, quality of life, and use of other drugs. Assessments will be completed at 3 time-points: at baseline, at the end of treatment (ie, 8 weeks), and at follow-up (ie, 24 weeks). Upon completion, data will be analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS Data collection began in June 2018 and will continue until January 2020. Final study results will be submitted for publication by July 2020. CONCLUSIONS Currently, there are no integrated treatments designed to target alcohol misuse and the range of emotional problems experienced by young adults. This research stands to provide an effective, accessible (ie, Web-based), and feasible option to treat the many struggling young adults in this country. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03406039; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03406039 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/72fDefnrh) REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER PRR1-10.2196/11298

scholarly journals Training and Transfer of Cue Updating in Older Adults Is Limited: Evidence From Behavioral and Neuronal Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Kray ◽  
Nicola K. Ferdinand ◽  
Katharina Stenger
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Behavioral Level

Cognitive control processes, such as updating task-relevant information while switching between multiple tasks, are substantially impaired in older adults. However, it has also been shown that these cognitive control processes can be improved by training interventions, e.g., by training in task switching. Here, we applied an event-related potential (ERP) approach to identify whether a cognitive training improves task-preparatory processes such as updating of relevant task goals. To do so, we applied a pretest-training-posttest design with eight training sessions. Two groups of older adults were either trained in task switching (treatment group) or in performing single tasks (control group) and we compared their performance to a group of untrained younger adults. To foster cue updating in the treatment group, we applied a cue-based switching task in which the two task cues were randomly selected prior to target presentation so that participants had time to prepare for the upcoming task. In contrast, the control group also received task cues but those were redundant as only one task had to be performed. We also examined whether training in cue updating during task switching can be transferred to a similar cognitive control task measuring updating of context information, namely a modified version of the AX-Continuous Performance Task (AX-CPT). The results revealed training-specific improvements in task switching, that is, a larger improvement in blocks requiring switching in comparison to single tasks at the behavioral level. In addition, training specific-effects were also found at the neuronal level. Older adults trained in cue updating while switching showed a reduction in mixing costs in the cue-related P3, indicating an improvement in preparatory updating processes. Additionally, P3 topography changed with training from a very broad to a parietally focused scalp distribution similar to the one found in younger adults. However, we did not obtain training-specific improvements in context updating in the AX-CPT neither at the behavioral level nor at the neuronal level. Results are discussed in the context of the ongoing debate on whether transfer of cognitive training improvements is possible.

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