scholarly journals Zooplankton as a potential vector for white band disease transmission in the endangered coral,Acropora cervicornis

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Certner ◽  
Amanda M. Dwyer ◽  
Mark R. Patterson ◽  
Steven V. Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bocas Del Toro ◽  
White Band ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Potential Mode ◽  
White Band Disease ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Coral diseases are a leading factor contributing to the global decline of coral reefs, and yet mechanisms of disease transmission remain poorly understood. This study tested whether zooplankton can act as a vector for white band disease (WBD) inAcropora cervicornis. Natural zooplankton communities were collected from a coral reef in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Half of the zooplankton were treated with antibiotics for 24 h after which the antibiotic-treated and non-antibiotic-treated zooplankton were incubated with either seawater or tissue homogenates from corals exhibiting WBD-like symptoms. A total of 15 of the 30 asymptomaticA. cervicorniscolonies exposed to zooplankton incubated in disease homogenate in tank-based experiments showed signs of WBD, regardless of prior antibiotic incubation. These results indicate that in our experimental conditions zooplankton were a vector for coral disease after exposure to disease-causing pathogens. Given the importance of heterotrophy on zooplankton to coral nutrition, this potential mode of disease transmission warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Experimental antibiotic treatment identifies potential pathogens of white band disease in the endangered Caribbean coral Acropora cervicornis

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1788) ◽  
pp. 20140094 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sweet ◽  
A. Croquer ◽  
J. C. Bythell
Keyword(s):  
Coral Disease ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
White Band ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
Community Shifts ◽  
White Band Disease ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Coral diseases have been increasingly reported over the past few decades and are a major contributor to coral decline worldwide. The Caribbean, in particular, has been noted as a hotspot for coral disease, and the aptly named white syndromes have caused the decline of the dominant reef building corals throughout their range. White band disease (WBD) has been implicated in the dramatic loss of Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata since the 1970s, resulting in both species being listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red list. The causal agent of WBD remains unknown, although recent studies based on challenge experiments with filtrate from infected hosts concluded that the disease is probably caused by bacteria. Here, we report an experiment using four different antibiotic treatments, targeting different members of the disease-associated microbial community. Two antibiotics, ampicillin and paromomycin, arrested the disease completely, and by comparing with community shifts brought about by treatments that did not arrest the disease, we have identified the likely candidate causal agent or agents of WBD. Our interpretation of the experimental treatments is that one or a combination of up to three specific bacterial types, detected consistently in diseased corals but not detectable in healthy corals, are likely causal agents of WBD. In addition, a histophagous ciliate ( Philaster lucinda ) identical to that found consistently in association with white syndrome in Indo-Pacific acroporas was also consistently detected in all WBD samples and absent in healthy coral. Treatment with metronidazole reduced it to below detection limits, but did not arrest the disease. However, the microscopic disease signs changed, suggesting a secondary role in disease causation for this ciliate. In future studies to identify a causal agent of WBD via tests of Henle–Koch's postulates, it will be vital to experimentally control for populations of the other potential pathogens identified in this study.

scholarly journals White Band Disease transmission in the threatened coral, Acropora cervicornis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gignoux-Wolfsohn ◽  
Christopher J. Marks ◽  
Steven V. Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
White Band ◽  
White Band Disease

scholarly journals LAJU INFEKSI PENYAKIT WHITE PLAGUE DAN WHITE BAND DISEASE DI PERAIRAN PULAU TIKUS, KOTA BENGKULU

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
Dewi Purnama ◽  
Aradea Bujana Kusuma ◽  
Bertoka F. S. P Negara ◽  
Person Pesona Renta ◽  
Mulstory Wander Simarmata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
White Band ◽  
White Plague ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
White Band Disease ◽  
Coral Health ◽  
The Impact

Penyakit karang adalah gangguan terhadap kesehatan karang yang menyebabkan gangguan secara fisiologis bagi biota karang. Penyakit karang dapat memberikan dampak buruk terhadap proses pertumbuhan karang hingga dapat menyebabkan kematian karang disuatu perairan. Dampak dari penyakit karang terhadap ekosistem terumbu karang sangat besar, selain mengakibatkan kematian karang dalam skala yang luas, penyakit karang juga berdampak pada berkurangnya tingkat keanekaragaman sumberdaya alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis laju infeksi penyakit White Plague dan White Band Disease di perairan Pulau Tikus, Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September-Oktober 2019 di Perairan Pulau Tikus, Kota Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung di Lapangan. Hasil Penelitian ini didapatkan bentuk pertumbuhan yang terinfeksi penyakit White Plague di Perairan Pulau Tikus Kota Bengkulu adalah bentuk pertumbuhan karang Massive dan penyakit White Band Disease pada karang Acropora. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei, pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung di lapangan.Laju infeksi penyakit White Plague di perairan Pulau Tikus Kota Bengkulu adalah 0,009 - 0,023 cm/hari. Laju infeksi penyakit White Plague mengalami kenaikan setiap minggu dengan rata rata laju infeksi 0,015 cm/hari dan nilai laju infeksi penyakit White Band Disease yang terdapat pada karang Acropora di Perairan Pulau Tikus, Bengkulu yaitu 0,013 cm/hari – 0,030 cm/hari. Rata – rata yang diperoleh yaitu 0,024 cm/hari. Nilai laju infeksi karang menandakan bahwa sebagian besar kerusakan terumbu karang diakibatkan oleh penyakit karang.THE RATE OF WHITE PLAGUE AND WHITE BAND DISEASE IN TIKUS ISLAND, BENGKULU CITY. Coral disease is a disorder of coral health that causes physiological disruption to coral biota. The coral disease can adversely affect the coral growth process until it can lead to coral death in a waterway. The impact of coral disease on coral ecosystems is very large. In addition to resulting in coral death on a wide scale, a coral disease also affects natural resources' reduced diversity. This research aimed to determine and analyze the White Plague and White Band Disease's infection rate in Tikus Island, Bengkulu City. The research was conducted in September-October 2019, located in Tikus Island Water, Bengkulu City. The methods used in this study are direct survey, observation, and measurement methods in the Field. This study obtained a form of growth infected with White Plague disease in the Waters of Tikus Island Bengkulu City. The infection rate of White Plague Disease in Tikus Island was 0.009-0.023 cm/day. The quality of the condition of White Plague disease increased every week with an average infection rate of 0.015 cm/day, and the rate of infection rate of White Band Disease found in Acropora coral in the Waters of Tikus Island, Bengkulu which was 0.013 cm/day – 0.030 cm/day. The average obtained 0.024 cm/day. The coral infection rate indicates that most of the damage to coral reefs was caused by coral disease.

Ecology, histopathology, and microbial ecology of a white-band disease outbreak in the threatened staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis

2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Gignoux-Wolfsohn ◽  
WF Precht ◽  
EC Peters ◽  
BE Gintert ◽  
LS Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
White Band ◽  
White Band Disease
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