scholarly journals Effects of knee sleeves on coordination of lower-limb segments in healthy adults during level walking and one-leg hopping

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3340
Author(s):  
Chang-Yong Ko ◽  
Yunhee Chang ◽  
Bora Jeong ◽  
Sungjae Kang ◽  
Jeicheong Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Walking Velocity ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
Analysis System

The evaluation of multisegment coordination is important in gaining a better understanding of the gait and physical activities in humans. Therefore, this study aims to verify whether the use of knee sleeves affects the coordination of lower-limb segments during level walking and one-leg hopping. Eleven healthy male adults participated in this study. They were asked to walk 10 m on a level ground and perform one-leg hops with and without a knee sleeve. The segment angles and the response velocities of the thigh, shank, and foot were measured and calculated by using a motion analysis system. The phases between the segment angle and the velocity were then calculated. Moreover, the continuous relative phase (CRP) was calculated as the phase of the distal segment subtracted from the phase of the proximal segment and denoted as CRPTS (thigh–shank), CRPSF (shank–foot), and CRPTF (thigh–foot). The root mean square (RMS) values were used to evaluate the in-phase or out-of-phase states, while the standard deviation (SD) values were utilized to evaluate the variability in the stance and swing phases during level walking and in the preflight, flight, and landing phases during one-leg hopping. The walking velocity and the flight time improved when the knee sleeve was worn (p < 0.05). The segment angles of the thigh and shank also changed when the knee sleeve was worn during level walking and one-leg hopping. The RMS values of CRPTS and CRPSF in the stance phase and the RMS values of CRPSF in the preflight and landing phases changed (p < 0.05 in all cases). Moreover, the SD values of CRPTS in the landing phase and the SD values of CRPSF in the preflight and landing phases increased (p < 0.05 in all cases). These results indicated that wearing a knee sleeve caused changes in segment kinematics and coordination.

scholarly journals PORTRAIT AND HILBERT TRANSFORM METHODS FOR EVALUATING CONTINUOUS RELATIVE PHASE BETWEEN LOWER-LIMB JOINTS IN THE ELDERLY DURING WALKING

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140038
Author(s):  
HYUK-JAE CHOI ◽  
GYOOSUK KIM ◽  
CHANG-YONG KO
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Hilbert Transform ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Transform Methods ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
The Hilbert Transform

In order to calculate the continuous relative phase (CRP) between joints, the portrait method based on the joint angle and angular velocity and the Hilbert transform method based on the analytical signal have been widely used. However, there are few comparisons of these methods. Therefore, the aim of this study is to quantitatively compare these methods by calculating the CRP in the lower-limb joints of the elderly during level free walking. Eighteen elderly female adults ([Formula: see text] year-old, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg) wearing a Helen Hayes full-body marker set walked 10[Formula: see text]m on level ground at a self-selected velocity. The angles of the hip, knee, and ankle were measured. To calculate the CRP using the portrait method, the angular velocities were measured. Then, the phases between the angle and the angular velocity were calculated. To calculate the CRP using the Hilbert transform method, analytical signals were acquired. Then, the phases between the real and imaginary parts were calculated. A CRP was calculated as the difference between the phase in the proximal joint and the phase in the distal joint. To evaluate the similarity in the shape between the portrait and Hilbert transform methods, the cross-correlation was calculated. Bland–Altman plot analyses were performed to assess the agreement between these methods. For the root mean squares (RMSs) and standard deviations (SDs), a paired [Formula: see text]-test and the Pearson correlation between methods were evaluated. There were similarities in the in-phase or out-of-phase features and in the RMS and SD between the methods. Additionally, a higher cross-correlation and agreement between them were found. These results indicated the similarity between the portrait and Hilbert transform methods for the calculation of the CRP. Therefore, either method can be used to evaluate joint coordination.

scholarly journals Lower Limb Inter-Joint Coordination of Unilateral Transfemoral Amputees: Implications for Adaptation Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Xu ◽  
Duo Wai-Chi Wong ◽  
Fei Yan ◽  
Tony Lin-Wei Chen ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
Joint Coordination ◽  
Placement Accuracy ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
Coordination Patterns

The gait of transfemoral amputees can be made smoother by adjusting the inter-joint coordination of both lower limbs. In this study, we compared the inter-joint coordination of the amputated and non-amputated limbs of unilateral amputees to able-bodied controls. Eight amputees and eight able-bodied control participants were recruited. Walking speed, stance–swing time ratio, joint angle, joint angular velocity, and inter-joint coordination parameters—including continuous relative phase (CRP) and decomposition index (DI)—of the lower-limb joint pairs in stance and swing phases were investigated. Similarity of the CRP between groups was evaluated using cross-correlation measures and root-mean-square, and the variability of the CRP was examined by deviation phase (DP). There were significant differences between the amputated limbs and controls in CRP of hip–knee and knee–ankle in stance and swing, DP of knee–ankle and hip–ankle in stance, and DI of hip–knee in swing. For the non-amputated limbs, there were significant differences in CRP and DP of knee–ankle, and DI of hip–knee in swing compared to controls. The amputees utilized unique inter-joint coordination patterns for both limbs—particularly the hip joint—to compensate for the support-capability impairment due to limb salvage and ensure foot placement accuracy.

scholarly journals Dynamic alignment changes during level walking in patients with dropped head syndrome: analyses using a three-dimensional motion analysis system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Igawa ◽  
Ken Ishii ◽  
Akifumi Suzuki ◽  
Hideto Ui ◽  
Ryunosuke Urata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motion Analysis System ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Dropped Head Syndrome ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Dynamic Alignment

AbstractIn patients with dropped head syndrome (DHS), cervical malalignment is one of the risk factors for impaired horizontal gaze and restrictions to ambulation. The characteristics of gait in patients with DHS have not been clarified biomechanically from the viewpoint of dynamic alignment and lower limb kinematics. This study aimed to clarify kinematic and kinetic differences during level walking in patients with DHS compared to the healthy elderly. Twelve patients with DHS and healthy elderly individuals performed level walking at a self-selected speed. Spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic data were recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Statistical analysis was performed to compare these data between the two groups, respectively. Compared with the healthy elderly, stride length and peak hip-joint extension angle in patients with DHS were significantly shorter and smaller. The thorax was also significantly tilted backwards. Peak ankle-joint plantar-flexion moment was significantly smaller despite larger dorsiflexion angle compared with the healthy elderly. The walking of DHS patients demonstrated kinematic and kinetic characteristics of the lower limb joints and alignment of the thorax and pelvis corresponding to their short stride and walking speed.

scholarly journals Effects of Tendon Release Surgery on Inter-Limb Leg Stiffness Control in Children with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy during Gait

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4562
Author(s):  
Chien-Chung Kuo ◽  
Hsing-Po Huang ◽  
Hsuan-Yu Lu ◽  
Tsan-Yang Chen ◽  
Ting-Ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Leg Stiffness ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Total Leg ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Single Limb Support

Impaired motor control and musculotendon tightness in the lower extremities are characteristic features of patients with diplegic cerebral palsy (CP). Tendon release surgery (TRS) helps improve joint and leg stiffness, but the effects of TRS on inter-limb coordination in terms of the total leg stiffness, and the bilateral symmetry in leg stiffness during gait, remain unknown. Ten children with spastic diplegic CP scheduled for TRS and ten healthy controls participated in this study. The inter-limb sharing of total leg stiffness during double-limb support phase and bilateral leg stiffness symmetry during stance phase of gait were calculated using the kinematic and ground reaction force data measured by a motion analysis system. Before TRS, the patients with diplegic CP walked with a decreased share of total leg stiffness during weight-acceptance (p < 0.05) and with increased bilateral leg stiffness asymmetry during single-limb support and weight-transfer during gait (p < 0.05) when compared to healthy controls. After TRS, the bilateral leg stiffness asymmetry was significantly reduced in the CP group, especially in the terminal stance phase, with inter-limb sharing of total leg stiffness becoming similar to that in controls (p > 0.05). The surgery seemed to improve the lower limb control and increased the bilateral limb symmetry during gait.

Reduced cortical brain activity with the use of microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knees during walking

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saffran Möller ◽  
David Rusaw ◽  
Kerstin Hagberg ◽  
Nerrolyn Ramstrand
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Lower Limb Prosthesis ◽  
Prosthetic Knees ◽  
Limb Prosthesis

Background: Individuals using a lower-limb prosthesis indicate that they need to concentrate on every step they take. Despite self-reports of increased cognitive demand, there is limited understanding of the link between cognitive processes and walking when using a lower-limb prosthesis. Objective: The objective was to assess cortical brain activity during level walking in individuals using different prosthetic knee components and compare them to healthy controls. It was hypothesized that the least activity would be observed in the healthy control group, followed by individuals using a microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee and finally individuals using a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: An optical brain imaging system was used to measure relative changes in concentration of oxygenated and de-oxygenated haemoglobin in the frontal and motor cortices during level walking. The number of steps and time to walk 10 m was also recorded. The 6-min walk test was assessed as a measure of functional capacity. Results: Individuals with a transfemoral or knee-disarticulation amputation, using non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee ( n = 14) or microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee ( n = 15) joints and healthy controls ( n = 16) participated in the study. A significant increase was observed in cortical brain activity of individuals walking with a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee when compared to healthy controls ( p < 0.05) and individuals walking with an microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee joint ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Individuals walking with a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee demonstrated an increase in cortical brain activity compared to healthy individuals. Use of a microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee was associated with less cortical brain activity than use of a non-microprocessor-controlled prosthetic knee. Clinical relevance Increased understanding of cognitive processes underlying walking when using different types of prosthetic knees can help to optimize selection of prosthetic components and provide an opportunity to enhance functioning with a prosthesis.

scholarly journals A kinematics analysis of the lower limb during running with different sports shoes

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Lin Fu ◽  
Yaodong Gu ◽  
Qichang Mei ◽  
Julien S Baker ◽  
Justin Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Sports Shoes

The study aimed to investigate the differences in lower limb joint angles during running with three different sports shoes: basketball shoes, football shoes, and running shoes. Fifteen male subjects (age: 25 ± 2.2 years, height: 1.79 ± 0.05 m, and mass: 70.8 ± 3.4 kg) were asked to run on a treadmill at their preferred running speed. The Vicon 3D motion analysis system was used to capture the kinematics of the lower extremity during running. A one-way analysis of variance was used to determine whether any statistical significance existed between the three types of shoes (α < 0.05). Significant differences existed in the lower limb joints between the three sports shoes, particularly at the knee joint. Running shoes presented more knee flexion than basketball shoes and football shoes. In the frontal plane, basketball shoes showed less knee abduction than running shoes and football shoes. No significant difference occurred in ankle external rotation between basketball shoes and football shoes, and both of them presented greater range of motion of the ankle and knee than running shoes.

Balance Control and Lower Limb Joint Work in Children with Bilateral Genu Valgum During Level Walking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Wen Wu ◽  
Wei-Chun Lee ◽  
Ya-Ting Ho ◽  
Ting-Ming Wang ◽  
Ken N. Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Genu Valgum ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Level Walking

Changes in lower-limb joint torques when using a passive back-support exoskeleton for level walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1369-1370
Author(s):  
Jang-Ho Park ◽  
Sunwook Kim ◽  
Maury A. Nussbaum ◽  
Divya Srinivasan*
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Level Walking

scholarly journals Muscular Force Patterns during Level Walking in ACL-Deficient Patients with a Concomitant Medial Meniscus Tear

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongshi Huang ◽  
Wei Yin ◽  
Shuang Ren ◽  
Yuanyuan Yu ◽  
Si Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Meniscus Tear ◽  
Muscular Force ◽  
Acl Deficiency ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acl Deficient

Background. The abnormal knee joint motion patterns caused by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency are thought to be associated with articular cartilage degeneration. High rates of meniscus tear combined with ACL rupture are observed, and these knees suffer a higher risk of early cartilage degeneration. Research Question. This study investigated lower limb muscular force patterns of ACL-deficient knees with a concomitant medial meniscus tear. Methods. 12 volunteers and 22 patients were recruited, including 12 patients with isolated ACL deficiency (ACLD) and 10 ACL-deficient patients with a concomitant medial meniscus tear (ACLDM). Level walking data at a self-selected speed were collected before surgery. Then, a musculoskeletal dynamic analysis system, AnyBody, was applied to simulate tibiofemoral flexion moments and muscle forces. Results. Our results indicate that the tibiofemoral peak flexion and extension moments in ACLDM patients are significantly lower than in controls. The rectus femoris force in ACLDM patients was significantly lower than in isolated ACL-deficient patients and the controls during mid and terminal stance phase, while no significant difference was found in hamstring and vastus force. Additionally, the gastrocnemius force in ACL-deficient patients both with and without a medial meniscus tear was lower than in controls during mid-stance phase. Significance. The ACLDM patients had lower peak tibiofemoral flexion moment, lower gastrocnemius force in mid-stance phase, and lower rectus femoris force during the mid and terminal stance phase. These results may help clinicians to better understand the muscle function and gait pattern in ACL-deficient patients with a concomitant medial meniscus tear.

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