scholarly journals Lower Limb Inter-Joint Coordination of Unilateral Transfemoral Amputees: Implications for Adaptation Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Xu ◽  
Duo Wai-Chi Wong ◽  
Fei Yan ◽  
Tony Lin-Wei Chen ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
Joint Coordination ◽  
Placement Accuracy ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
Coordination Patterns

The gait of transfemoral amputees can be made smoother by adjusting the inter-joint coordination of both lower limbs. In this study, we compared the inter-joint coordination of the amputated and non-amputated limbs of unilateral amputees to able-bodied controls. Eight amputees and eight able-bodied control participants were recruited. Walking speed, stance–swing time ratio, joint angle, joint angular velocity, and inter-joint coordination parameters—including continuous relative phase (CRP) and decomposition index (DI)—of the lower-limb joint pairs in stance and swing phases were investigated. Similarity of the CRP between groups was evaluated using cross-correlation measures and root-mean-square, and the variability of the CRP was examined by deviation phase (DP). There were significant differences between the amputated limbs and controls in CRP of hip–knee and knee–ankle in stance and swing, DP of knee–ankle and hip–ankle in stance, and DI of hip–knee in swing. For the non-amputated limbs, there were significant differences in CRP and DP of knee–ankle, and DI of hip–knee in swing compared to controls. The amputees utilized unique inter-joint coordination patterns for both limbs—particularly the hip joint—to compensate for the support-capability impairment due to limb salvage and ensure foot placement accuracy.

scholarly journals PORTRAIT AND HILBERT TRANSFORM METHODS FOR EVALUATING CONTINUOUS RELATIVE PHASE BETWEEN LOWER-LIMB JOINTS IN THE ELDERLY DURING WALKING

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140038
Author(s):  
HYUK-JAE CHOI ◽  
GYOOSUK KIM ◽  
CHANG-YONG KO
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Hilbert Transform ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Transform Methods ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
The Hilbert Transform

In order to calculate the continuous relative phase (CRP) between joints, the portrait method based on the joint angle and angular velocity and the Hilbert transform method based on the analytical signal have been widely used. However, there are few comparisons of these methods. Therefore, the aim of this study is to quantitatively compare these methods by calculating the CRP in the lower-limb joints of the elderly during level free walking. Eighteen elderly female adults ([Formula: see text] year-old, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kg) wearing a Helen Hayes full-body marker set walked 10[Formula: see text]m on level ground at a self-selected velocity. The angles of the hip, knee, and ankle were measured. To calculate the CRP using the portrait method, the angular velocities were measured. Then, the phases between the angle and the angular velocity were calculated. To calculate the CRP using the Hilbert transform method, analytical signals were acquired. Then, the phases between the real and imaginary parts were calculated. A CRP was calculated as the difference between the phase in the proximal joint and the phase in the distal joint. To evaluate the similarity in the shape between the portrait and Hilbert transform methods, the cross-correlation was calculated. Bland–Altman plot analyses were performed to assess the agreement between these methods. For the root mean squares (RMSs) and standard deviations (SDs), a paired [Formula: see text]-test and the Pearson correlation between methods were evaluated. There were similarities in the in-phase or out-of-phase features and in the RMS and SD between the methods. Additionally, a higher cross-correlation and agreement between them were found. These results indicated the similarity between the portrait and Hilbert transform methods for the calculation of the CRP. Therefore, either method can be used to evaluate joint coordination.

Comparison of Lumbopelvic Coordination between Trunk Flexion and Extension

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 937-941
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Xiaopeng Ning
Keyword(s):  
Relative Phase ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Trunk Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
Phase Variability ◽  
Coordination Patterns ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Lumbopelvic coordination describes the relative contributions of lumbar and pelvis to the total trunk flexion/extension motion, which has been identified as a major influential factor to spinal loading. The current study investigated the differences in lumbopelvic coordination between trunk flexion and extension. Thirteen subjects performed pace-controlled trunk flexion/extension motions in the sagittal plane while lumbopelvic continuous relative phase and phase variability were quantified. The results demonstrated that compared with trunk extension, lumbopelvic continuous relative phase and phase variability were 28% and 117% greater in trunk flexion motion, respectively, which indicated a more anti-phase and unstable coordination pattern. Quantifying these coordination patterns helps identifying abnormal patterns and serves as normative benchmarks during low back pain rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure and cardiovascular response to traumatic lower limb amputees’ gait

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Mendes do Nascimento Garcia ◽  
Jorge Roberto Perrout de Lima ◽  
José Dilermando Costa Junior ◽  
Humberto Almeida Ottoni de Luna Freire ◽  
Jaqueline de Paula Mazilão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
Speed Effect ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Lower Limb Amputees

Introduction Amputations cause functional, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular alterations and, the more proximal the amputation, the larger the alterations. Objectives To observe the effect of using lower limb prosthetics and that of gait speed on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen consumption (VO2) and energy cost (EC) during gait in traumatic lower limbs amputees. Materials and methods The sample was composed of 30 men with unilateral amputations, 10 transfemoral and 10 transtibial, compared to 10 people with no amputations. All of them selected a pleasant walking speed (PWS) on the treadmill, and two other speeds were calculated, 20% above and 20% below the original one. The subjects walked for 10 minutes at each of the speeds and, in the last three minutes, the VO2, HR, and BP were assessed. In order to compare variables between groups the variance was performed (ANOVA) followed by the Post Hoc Sheffé test (p < 0.05). Results The amputees selected lower values of PWS and had higher HR, BP, and EC, VO2 during gait when compared to normal individuals. The transfemoral amputees had higher VO2 and EC compared to the transtibial ones. By analyzing the speed effect, it was observed that, although the VO2 did not increase with the increased speed, there was increased cardiovascular response and reduced EC. Conclusions Traumatic lower limb amputees have higher energy expenditure and cardiovascular responses during gait and, at higher speeds, they become more economical, reducing the EC.

scholarly journals Effects of knee sleeves on coordination of lower-limb segments in healthy adults during level walking and one-leg hopping

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3340
Author(s):  
Chang-Yong Ko ◽  
Yunhee Chang ◽  
Bora Jeong ◽  
Sungjae Kang ◽  
Jeicheong Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Walking Velocity ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
Analysis System

The evaluation of multisegment coordination is important in gaining a better understanding of the gait and physical activities in humans. Therefore, this study aims to verify whether the use of knee sleeves affects the coordination of lower-limb segments during level walking and one-leg hopping. Eleven healthy male adults participated in this study. They were asked to walk 10 m on a level ground and perform one-leg hops with and without a knee sleeve. The segment angles and the response velocities of the thigh, shank, and foot were measured and calculated by using a motion analysis system. The phases between the segment angle and the velocity were then calculated. Moreover, the continuous relative phase (CRP) was calculated as the phase of the distal segment subtracted from the phase of the proximal segment and denoted as CRPTS (thigh–shank), CRPSF (shank–foot), and CRPTF (thigh–foot). The root mean square (RMS) values were used to evaluate the in-phase or out-of-phase states, while the standard deviation (SD) values were utilized to evaluate the variability in the stance and swing phases during level walking and in the preflight, flight, and landing phases during one-leg hopping. The walking velocity and the flight time improved when the knee sleeve was worn (p < 0.05). The segment angles of the thigh and shank also changed when the knee sleeve was worn during level walking and one-leg hopping. The RMS values of CRPTS and CRPSF in the stance phase and the RMS values of CRPSF in the preflight and landing phases changed (p < 0.05 in all cases). Moreover, the SD values of CRPTS in the landing phase and the SD values of CRPSF in the preflight and landing phases increased (p < 0.05 in all cases). These results indicated that wearing a knee sleeve caused changes in segment kinematics and coordination.

scholarly journals Comparing the Pattern of Lower Limb Joints Coordination in an Optional and Selective Sprint Start of Elite Women Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Zahra Bahadori ◽  
◽  
Moein Koohestani ◽  
Heydar Sadeghi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Muscle Coordination ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Joint Coordination ◽  
Complex Skill ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Early Phases

Objective: The sprint start is a complex skill characterized by a multi-joint and multi-plane task requiring complex muscle coordination to reach a large force exerted in the horizontal direction in a short time. Previous studies indicated that efficient acceleration over the first portion of a race is influenced by how a sprinter is positioned in the set command blocks. Methods: A total of 15 elite women runners participated in this study. The subjects performed three optional, and five selected sprint starts with 2-minute intervals. The Noraxon-MyoMotion device collected the kinematic data, and a continuous relative phase method was used to calculate the joint coordination pattern. Results: The pattern of coordination between the lower limb joints were divided into 10 phases. There were differences between the two types of starters in the initial phases, but no difference was noticed from the fourth phase. Conclusion: Indeed, there was irregularity in the early phases of the selected start type, while in the following phases, the coordination pattern coincided, and it seems that if this process does not affect the speed and acceleration of the athlete, it can be cautiously noted that sitting in any way in the start technique will ultimately create common coordination in the joints.

scholarly journals Assessing Locomotor Coordination during Walking and Running in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goetschalckx M ◽  
◽  
Moumdjian L ◽  
Klingels K ◽  
Feys P ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Phase ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Phase Relationship ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
And Task

We aimed to systematically summarize assessment methods of locomotion coordination of the lower limbs in children, and to discuss the influence of person and task on locomotor coordination. Two databases (PubMed, Web of Science) were screened, up to April 1th 2020. Five articles were included. Locomotor coordination was assessed in Typically Developing Children (TD) and children with autism in different domains of coordination, using angle-angle plots, planar covariance, continuous relative phase and point-phasing. In TD children: age influenced intersegmental covariance when walking, and stability of temporal and amplitude phasing when running. Intersegmental covariance was influenced by vision and walking speed. Phase relationship was not influenced by weighted walking in autistic children, nor in TD children when walking backwards.

scholarly journals Assessment of Patterns and Variability in Lower Extremity Coordination Between Genders with Different Shoe Insole Stiffness During Jump-Landing Tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Alirezaei Noghondar ◽  
Nahid Khoshraftar Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Joint Coupling ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
Coordination Patterns

AbstractPurpose. The study aims to examine how shoe insole cushioning can influence coordination pattern and variability in males and females during the landing phase of a jump-landing task.Methods. Twenty participants (10 males and 10 females) performed jump-landing tasks, and the continuous relative phase (CRP) and the variability of CRP in foot-shank and shank-thigh couplings were determined during the landing phase.Results. Women represented lower CRP and CRP variability of foot-shank coupling in non-insole conditions (p < 0.05). Shoe insole stiffness had no significant effect on CRP or variability in CRP (p > 0.05).Conclusions. Although females are characterised by lower coupling variability in non-insole conditions, they do have the capacity to achieve similar coordination patterns and variability as males, in soft and hard conditions. These findings suggest that with changes in the shoe insole, females can achieve similar joint coupling coordination patterns and variability as compared with males under soft and stiff conditions. In addition, as per this study, changes in shoe insole stiffness may not have an impact on coordinative strategies or variability of lower extremity joints couplings during landing.

Footwear Alters Lower Extremity Coordination Variability

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 764-778
Author(s):  
Braden H. Romer ◽  
Wendi Weimar ◽  
John Fox
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Continuous Relative Phase ◽  
Coordination Patterns

Footwear has been shown to have a significant effect on numerous kinematic and kinetic variables during walking and running. While footwear mass is an indisputably important influence on gait patterns, we suspected that the amount of outsole material on most footwear would likely diminish or delay the integration of tactile feedback in motor control strategies during gait. Thus, we designed this study to investigate the influence of footwear and augmented tactile feedback on lower extremity coordination patterns during walking. A secondary purpose of the study was to examine gender differences in response to altered footwear conditions. Forty-eight participants (24 male and 24 females) walked during four standardized footwear conditions (barefoot, shod, barefoot with augmented tactile feedback, and shod with augmented tactile feedback), and we collected three-dimensional kinematic data and calculated continuous relative phase values for two adjacent lower extremity joints to determine interjoint coordination patterns. We used deviation phase and the mean of the continuous relative phase to compare motor coordination patterns across conditions. We found significant footwear and gender effects for spatiotemporal variables but only significant footwear effects for motor coordination patterns. Females displayed a significantly higher cadence and shorter height-normalized stride length as compared to males. Participants displayed significantly greater thigh-shank coordination variability in the shod, as compared to the unshod, conditions. Thus, footwear results in a diminished or delayed tactile feedback that alters neuromuscular control strategies during walking.

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