scholarly journals Foraging behaviour of an egg parasitoid exploiting plant volatiles induced by pentatomids: the role of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Frati ◽  
Antonino Cusumano ◽  
Eric Conti ◽  
Stefano Colazza ◽  
Ezio Peri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Insect Attack ◽  
Plant Treatment

Several phases of herbivorous insect attack including feeding and oviposition are known to induce plant defenses. Plants emit volatiles induced by herbivores to recruit insect parasitoids as an indirect defense strategy. So far, volatiles induced by herbivore walking and their putative role in the foraging behavior of egg parasitoids have not been investigated. In this paper we studied the response of the egg parasitoid Trissolcus basalis toward volatiles emitted by Vicia faba plants as consequence of the walking activity of the host Nezara viridula. Olfactometer bioassays were carried out to evaluate wasp responses to plants in which the abaxial or the adaxial surfaces were subjected to walking or/and oviposition. Results showed that host female walking on the abaxial but not on the adaxial surface caused a repellence effect in T. basalis 24 h after plant treatment. The emission of active volatiles also occurred when the leaf was turned upside-down, indicating a specificity of stress localization. This specificity was supported by the results, which showed that oviposition combined with feeding elicit the induction of plant volatiles, attracting the parasitoid, when the attack occurred on the abaxial surface. Analyses of plant volatile blends showed significant differences between the treatments.

Effect of coriander plant extract on the parasitization behaviour of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Dominic Manoj P ◽  
Ravi G ◽  
Vellaikumar S ◽  
Manivannan M I
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Tritrophic Interactions ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Trichogramma Chilonis ◽  
Profile Study

In the present investigation the coriander plant volatiles for the tritrophic interactions on the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii is evaluated. The GCMS profile study of the foliage extract of coriander in both hexane and dichloromethane showed presence of 2-Dodecenal-(E), (E)-Tetradec-2-enal, Octadecane, Nonacosane, Hexadecane, Pentadecane and Heneicosane, which are of biologically active fractions in insects. In laboratory study the maximum parasitization was recorded in hexane extract treated Corcyra card (31.04 eggs/card) compared to 28.16 eggs per card observed in untreated control. The data gathered on number of parasitized eggs hatched into adult indicated that in hexane extract treated Corcyra card had 91.19 per cent while parasitoid emergence was 29.30 eggs per card followed by 87.76 per cent in untreated control 24.90 eggs per card. The GCMS profile study of the foliage extract of coriander in both hexane and dichloromethane showed presence of 2-Dodecenal-(E), (E)-Tetradec-2-enal, Octadecane, Nonacosane, Hexadecane, Pentadecane and Heneicosane, which are of biologically active fractions in insects. The above findings reveal the possible role of such active chemicals in parasitoid compatibility of the intercrop.

Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Mulat ◽  
Raksha Anand ◽  
Fazlurrahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Insect Attack

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles Can Serve as Host Location Cues for a Generalist and a Specialist Egg Parasitoid

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1304-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. G. V. Peñaflor ◽  
M. Erb ◽  
L. A. Miranda ◽  
A. G. Werneburg ◽  
J. M. S. Bento
Keyword(s):  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Host Location ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles

scholarly journals Egg parasitoid attraction toward induced plant volatiles is disrupted by a non-host herbivore attacking above or belowground plant organs

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rihem Moujahed ◽  
Francesca Frati ◽  
Antonino Cusumano ◽  
Gianandrea Salerno ◽  
Eric Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Parasitoid Attraction

scholarly journals Caterpillar-induced rice volatiles provide enemy-free space for the offspring of the brown planthopper

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Hu ◽  
Shuangli Su ◽  
Qingsong Liu ◽  
Yaoyu Jiao ◽  
Yufa Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Field Cage ◽  
Parasitism Rates ◽  
Enemy Free Space ◽  
Rice Pest ◽  
Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles

Plants typically release large quantities of volatiles in response to herbivory by insects. This benefits the plants by, for instance, attracting the natural enemies of the herbivores. We show that the brown planthopper (BPH) has cleverly turned this around by exploiting herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that provide safe havens for its offspring. BPH females preferentially oviposit on rice plants already infested by the rice striped stem borer (SSB), which are avoided by the egg parasitoid Anagrus nilaparvatae, the most important natural enemy of BPH. Using synthetic versions of volatiles identified from plants infested by BPH and/or SSB, we demonstrate the role of HIPVs in these interactions. Moreover, greenhouse and field cage experiments confirm the adaptiveness of the BPH oviposition strategy, resulting in 80% lower parasitism rates of its eggs. Besides revealing a novel exploitation of HIPVs, these findings may lead to novel control strategies against an exceedingly important rice pest.

A Lepidopteran Saline: Effects of Inorganic Cation Concentrations on Sensory, Reflex and Motor Responses in a Herbivorous Insect

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. DE G. WEEVERS
Keyword(s):  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Photometric Analysis ◽  
Action Current ◽  
Inorganic Cation ◽  
Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Muscle Receptors ◽  
Synthetic Media

1. The inorganic cations in the haemolymph of Antheræa pernyi larvae and pupae were analysed by flame photometry. 2. Synthetic media based on these analyses were compared with haemolymph in their effects on the muscle action potential and on the response of the dorsal muscle receptors to a standard stretch. 3. The best match with haemolymph was obtained in all cases with concentrations of divalent cations considerably below the values found by flame photometric analysis. Binding to haemolymph proteins is probably not the major factor responsible for lowering the ionic activities of calcium and magnesium. 4. The role of magnesium in neuromuscular transmission is discussed. It is concluded that in phytophagous Lepidoptera this ion may carry a proportion of the muscle action current.

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