scholarly journals Production of cytotoxic compounds in dedifferentiated cells ofJatropha curcasL. (Euphorbiaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidro Ovando-Medina ◽  
Leny P. Pérez-Díaz ◽  
Sonia Ruiz-González ◽  
Miguel Salvador-Figueroa ◽  
Marcos E. Urbina-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Whole Plants

This study addresses thein vitroculture as an alternative to obtain compounds with cytotoxic activity from the medicinal plantJatropha curcas(Euphorbiaceae). We determined the presence of cytotoxic compounds in both whole plants and dedifferentiated cells. We evaluated the effect of auxin, cytokinins and light on callus induction in cotyledon explants. We found that the most effective combination to induce callus was the auxin 2,4-D (5 mM) with the cytokinin 6-BAP (2.5 mM), on Murashige-Skoog medium in darkness. We compared the callogenic potential among accessions from different geographic origins, finding that ARR-251107-MFG7 is most prone to form callus. The roots ofJ. curcasgrown in field produced a compound chromatographically similar to the cytotoxic diterpene jatrophone. The profile of compounds extracted from the dedifferentiated cells was similar to that of the whole plant, including a relatively abundant stilbene-like compound. This study contributes to the future establishment of protocols to produce anti-cancer compounds fromJ. curcascultivated in vitro.

Synergistic Antitumor Effect of 5-Fluorouracil Combined with Constituents from Pleurospermum lindleyanum in Hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Feng Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Jin Li ◽  
Zhong-Lian Cao ◽  
Xiu-Jie Liu ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Background: A Chinese folk medicine plant Pleurospermum lindleyanum possesses pharmacological activities of heat-clearing, detoxifying and preventing from hepatopathy, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and high altitude sickness. We isolated and characterized its constituents to investigate its synergistic effects against human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the synergistic anti-cancer activities of isolates from P. lindleyanum with 5-FU on hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells in vitro and their primary mechanisms. Methods: Sequential chromatographic techniques were conducted for the isolation studies. The isolates structures were established by spectroscopic analysis as well as X-ray crystallographic diffraction. Growth inhibition was detected by MTT assay. The isobologram method was used to assess the effect of drug combinations. Flow cytometry and western blot were used to examine apoptosis and protein expression. Results: A new coumarin (16), along with sixteen known compounds, were isolated from the whole plant of P. lindleyanum and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Four coumarins (2, 3, 5, and 16), two flavonoids (8 and 9) and three phytosterols and triterpenes (12-14) were found to synergistically enhance the inhibitory effect of 5-FU against SMMC-7721 cells. Among them, compounds 3 and 16 exhibited the best synergistic effects with IC50 of 5-FU reduced by 16-fold and 22-fold possessing the minimum Combination Index (CI) 0.34 and 0.27. The mechanism of action of combinations might be through synergistic arresting for the cell cycle at G1 phases and the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, western blotting and molecular docking revealed that compounds 3 or 5 might promote 5-FU-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of Caspase 9 and PARP. Conclusion: Constituents from P. lindleyanum may improve the treatment effectiveness of 5-FU against hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

scholarly journals Frecuencias de corte y niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en rendimiento y calidad del forrraje de morera (Morus sp.), en Cuyuta, Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Quiñones ◽  
Rodrigo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dual Purpose Cattle ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cutting Height

The trial was conducted at the Centro de Producción Agrícola of ICfA in Cuyuta, Escuintla-Guatemala in order to generate information on the yield and quality of edible mulberry (Morus sp.) roughage treatments consisted of three harvest frequencies (6; 9 and 12 weeks and three fertilization levels of nitrogen (0.40 and 80 kg/ha). A complete randomized block experimental design, with a factorial arrangement (3x3) was used. The cutting height was 0.3 m above the ground level with two sequencies: from August 2nd to September 13 th and from September 13th to December 6th, 1990. In both cases, the 12 week frequency cutting and 80 kg of N were superior to the others (P<=0.01), yielding 6.87 and 6.15 t/ha of dry matter respectively. The yields at 9 weeks were statistically higher than those at 6 weeks. The highest protein percentage of the whole plant, leaves and stalks were produced at 6 weeks. The dry matter digestibility values in vitro showed little variability among treatments, with averages for whole plants, leaves and stalks of 65, 91 and 41 %, respectively. The preceeding data suggests that the mulberry has an excellent potential as a balanced supplement (protein and energy) for dual purpose cattle on the Southern coast of Guatemala.

VARIABILITY OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY AMONG CLONES OF BROMEGRASS AND ORCHARDGRASS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Christie ◽  
D. N. Mowat
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Genotypic Effects

Individual clones of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were harvested at corresponding stages of maturity within each species. The orchardgrass clones were harvested in 1962, and the in vitro digestibility (IVD) was based on the whole plant. Bromegrass clones, harvested in 1965 and 1966, were separated into leaves and stems. The IVD of each component was determined, and from these, the IVD for the whole plant was estimated.Among 444 orchardgrass clones, IVD values ranged from 49 to 68%. Most of the variation was attributed to genotypic effects. For approximately 250 clones of bromegrass, IVD values ranged from 66 to 75%, 58 to 73%, and 62 to 74%, for leaves, stems, and whole plants respectively. Over the 2-year period, differences among stems and whole plants were significant. Correlations between leaf and stem digestibilities were significant but of low magnitude. Ten clones of bromegrass had stems and leaves of equal digestibility.In bromegrass, IVD values showed no relationship to several phenotypic characteristics.

Isolation of anatomically defined cell walls from fodder kale, and their contributions to determining the in vitro cellulase digestibility of the whole plant

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. McCluskey ◽  
M. J. Allison ◽  
H. J. Duncan ◽  
M. C. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Stem Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Cell ◽  
Cellulase Digestion ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Component Cell ◽  
Whole Plants

SUMMARYVascular and non-vascular cell walls were isolated separately from leaves, upper stems and lower stems of 12 kale (Brassica oleracea L.) cultivars, by a sieving technique. The digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) of the cell walls and of the whole plants was determined by pepsin-cellulase digestion. The measured whole-plant DOMD correlated closely with the DOMD predicted by adding together the amounts of non-digested material derived from all the plant's component cell-wall fractions. Differences in DOMD between cultivars were determined primarily by the amount of vascular cell walls in the stems, particularly the lower stems; that is, by the stem anatomy. The vascular cell walls of the upper stems had a wider range of DOMD values and a higher mean DOMD than the vascular cell walls of the lower stems. Thus cell-wall composition made some contribution to determining the whole-plant DOMD, although it contributed less than the anatomy of the stem.

scholarly journals Alkaloids of in vitro biomass of papaver nudicaule l

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Otgonpurev S ◽  
Munguntsooj B ◽  
Ariunjargal B ◽  
Munkhtsetseg D
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Proliferative Capacity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Papaver nudicaule  L has a long history as a being useful for the treatment of many diseases in Asian and European countries. Aim of this study was to cultivate callus and cell suspension culture in vitro using plant phytohormones. The proliferative capacity was tested on shoot cultivated on Murashige-Skoog (MS) basal medium testing auxins: -Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)  in combination with cytokinine: 6-Benzylaminopurine. We determined production of alkaloids by four-week old callus and cell suspension biomass of Papaver nudicaule using thin layer chromatography comparing standard sanguianarine. This result displayed us the easier approach to isolate pure one alkaloid from the biomass that those whole- plant. Нүцгэн намуу ургамлын in vitro биомасс дахь алкалоид Хураангуй: Нүцгэн намуу (Papaver nudicaule) нь эмийн болон чимэглэлийн ач холбогдолтой ургамал юм. Уг ургамлын үрээс каллусын болон эсийн суспензийн биомассыг гарган авахдаа нафтален цууны хүчил болон бензил аденин өсөлтийн бодисын хослол бүхий тэжээлт орчинд өсгөвөрлөн өсөлтийн параметрүүдийг тогтоолоо. Ургамлын in vitro биомасст нимгэн үеийн хроматографийн аргаар сангвинарин алкалоидыг стандарт бодистой харьцуулан тодорхойлов. Сангвинарин нь ургамлын эд эрхтэний төрөлжилтөөс үл хамааран үүсдэг биологийн өндөр идэвхтэй хоёрдогч нийлэгжилтийн бүтээгдэхүүн юм. Түлхүүр үг: өсөлтийн гормоны хослол, каллусын эд, суспензийн нягт, нимгэн үеийн хроматографи

scholarly journals Anti-Cancer Drug Sensitivity Assay with Quantitative Heterogeneity Testing Using Single-Cell Raman Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Yuezhou Yu ◽  
Wenhao Shang ◽  
Anpei Ye
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds

A novel anti-cancer drug sensitivity testing (DST) approach was developed based on in vitro single-cell Raman spectrum intensity (RSI). Generally, the intensity of Raman spectra (RS) for a single living cell treated with drugs positively relates to the sensitivity of the cells to the drugs. In this study, five cancer cell lines (BGC 823, SGC 7901, MGC 803, AGS, and NCI-N87) were exposed to three cytotoxic compounds or to combinations of these compounds, and then they were evaluated for their responses with RSI. The results of RSI were consistent with conventional DST methods. The parametric correlation coefficient for the RSI and Methylthiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT) was 0.8558 ± 0.0850, and the coefficient of determination was calculated as R2 = 0.9529 ± 0.0355 for fitting the dose–response curve. Moreover, RSI data for NCI-N87 cells treated by trastuzumab, everolimus (cytostatic), and these drugs in combination demonstrated that the RSI method was suitable for testing the sensitivity of cytostatic drugs. Furthermore, a heterogeneity coefficient H was introduced for quantitative characterization of the heterogeneity of cancer cells treated by drugs. The largest possible variance between RSs of cancer cells were quantitatively obtained using eigenvalues of principal component analysis (PCA). The ratio of H between resistant cells and sensitive cells was greater than 1.5, which suggested the H-value was effective to describe the heterogeneity of cancer cells. Briefly, the RSI method might be a powerful tool for simple and rapid detection of the sensitivity of tumor cells to anti-cancer drugs and the heterogeneity of their responses to these drugs.

Chemical Constituents of the Aerial Parts of Scoparia Dulcis and Anti-Cancer, Anti-Inflammatory Activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 360-364
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Tin ◽  
Nguyen Dang Thanh Truc ◽  
Hoang Thi Thu Hang ◽  
Pham Thi Nhat Trinh ◽  
Long Giang Bach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

In Vietnam, the medicinal plant Scoparia dulcis is used for the treatment of bronchitis, gastric disorders, antidiabetes, hypertension, hepatitis etc.1 In this paper, experiments was designed to evaluate in vitro anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities and isolate phytochemicals from methanol extracts of Scoparia dulcis whole plants. The chemical investigation of methanol fraction of Scoparia dulcis led to the isolation of benzoxazinone (1), phenylethanoid (2), flavone (3), and lignan (4) glycosides. The bioactivity results indicated that crude ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had potent cytotoxic activity toward the HepG2 cancer cell with IC50 of 47.03 μg/mL and 36.04 μg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, crude ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had the NO inhibitory activity, with inhibition of 56.9 % or 74.7 % at 30 μg/mL and 97.3% or 82.9 % at 100 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the hexane extract at concentrations of 100 μg/ml demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of nitric oxide production of 76.7%.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Tissue Cultures of Four Crocus Species from the Carpathian Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csongor Freytag ◽  
Sándor Attila Pabar ◽  
Zita Demeter ◽  
Ádám Simon ◽  
Anna Resetár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Taxonomical Position ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Whole Plant Regeneration

AbstractWe aimed to produce tissue cultures and plant regeneration from endangered Crocus species: C. scepusiensis, C. tommasinianus, C. vittatus (“Verni” series of the genus) and C. banaticus. For initiation of cultures we used a plant growth regulator (PGR) combination used for in vitro culture of saffron and its relatives: 10 mg L-1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA). Shoot tips of young seedlings (C. scepusiensis) and corms (for the rest of species) were used as explants. C. scepusiensis explants developed into organogenic calli. On media with decreased NAA and with or without increased BA concentration, calli produced stigma-like structures and/or shoots and whole plants. In the other species, callus initiation medium induced callus formation with abundant somatic embryos. In C. tommasinianus, embryos developed shoots when auxin content of medium was decreased. In C. banaticus, a decrease of auxin with or without an increase in cytokinin content led to shoot or whole plant regeneration, as in C. scepusiensis. In the case of C. vittatus and C. banaticus, initiation and/or maintenance of cultures on indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and increased sucrose concentration stimulated whole plant regeneration and in vitro cormlet development. C. scepusiensis and the rest of cultures (organogenic vs. embryogenic) differed at the biochemical level: C. scepusiensis cultures had higher (yet still low) enzymatic antioxidant (catalase, peroxidase) activities. With respect to catalase isoenzyme patterns, C. banaticus was different from the rest of cultures, demonstrating its distinct taxonomical position. Besides germplasm preservation use of the present cultures, they have a potential biotechnological value.

Interactions between Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and other fungi on the phylloplane of lettuce

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1633-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mercier ◽  
R. D. Reeleder
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Disc Assay

Selected fungi recovered from the phylloplane of lettuce were assayed, using in vitro and in vivo techniques, to determine their effectiveness as antagonists of ascospores of the lettuce drop pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. On leaf discs, Trichoderma viride, Alternaria alternata, and Epicoccum purpurascens significantly reduced ascospore germ-tube elongation by 34.2, 60.6, and 38.3%, respectively. On whole plants, these three fungi significantly reduced infection by 40–93.3%. Isolates of Cladosporium cladosporioides and a red yeast inhibited ascospore elongation significantly in the in vitro leaf disc assay but failed to provide significant protection against infection by S. sclerotiorum in the in vivo whole-plant assay. Observations with the scanning electron microscope indicated that hyphae of T. viride and A. alternata came into close contact with ascospores on the leaf surface, suggesting parasitic relationships. Hyphae of E. purpurascens did not come into direct contact with ascospores and inhibition may have been due to production of antifungal compounds.

EFFECT OF SEEDING DATE ON YIELDS AND QUALITY OF GREEN FORAGE CROPS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1045-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS ◽  
J. B. SANDERSON ◽  
P. R. NARASIMHALU
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Whole Plants

Forage kale (Brassica oleracea L.), rape (B. napus L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and Chinese cabbage (B. campestris sensulato L.) × stubble turnip (B. rapa L.) hybrid were seeded at monthly intervals between late-May and late-August over 3 yr. Kale was harvested in early November while rape, radish, and turnip hybrid were targeted for harvest 60–70 d after seeding. The dry matter yield of kale declined as the seeding dates were delayed. The primary growth of rape, radish and turnip hybrid was the same for May, June and July seedings, but seeding in August lowered the yields by 25–38%. The in vitro dry matter disappearance was high, ranging from 850 to 920 g kg−1. The total N concentration of whole plant tissue, leaves, stem + petioles, and roots and S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (SMCO) concentration of whole plants increased as the seeding date was delayed. We concluded that kale should be planted by mid-June for high yields. Fodder rape, radish, and turnip hybrid had similar yields with seeding from spring until mid-July. In vitro dry matter disappearance and N concentrations were high for all species.Key words: Brassica oleracea, B. napus, B. rapa, Raphanus sativus, chemical composition, digestibility

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