scholarly journals Testing the link between genome size and growth rate in maize

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud I. Tenaillon ◽  
Domenica Manicacci ◽  
Stéphane D. Nicolas ◽  
Francois Tardieu ◽  
Claude Welcker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Modern Breeding

Little is known about the factors driving within species Genome Size (GS) variation. GS may be shaped indirectly by natural selection on development and adaptative traits. Because GS variation is particularly pronounced in maize, we have sampled 83 maize inbred lines from three well described genetic groups adapted to contrasted climate conditions: inbreds of tropical origin, Flint inbreds grown in temperate climates, and Dent inbreds distributed in the Corn Belt. As a proxy for growth rate, we measured the Leaf Elongation Rate maximum during nighttime (LERmax) as well as GS in all inbred lines. In addition we combined available and new nucleotide polymorphism data at 29,090 sites to characterize the genetic structure of our panel. We found significant variation for both LERmaxand GS among groups defined by our genetic structuring. Tropicals displayed larger GS than Flints while Dents exhibited intermediate values. LERmaxfollowed the opposite trend with greater growth rate in Flints than in Tropicals. In other words, LERmaxand GS exhibited a significantly negative correlation (r= − 0.27). However, this correlation was driven by among-group variation rather than within-group variation—it was no longer significant after controlling for structure and kinship among inbreds. Our results indicate that selection on GS may have accompanied ancient maize diffusion from its center of origin, with large DNA content excluded from temperate areas. Whether GS has been targeted by more intense selection during modern breeding within groups remains an open question.

scholarly journals Testing the link between genome size and growth rate in maize

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud I Tenaillon ◽  
Domenica Manicacci ◽  
Stéphane D Nicolas ◽  
Francois Tardieu ◽  
Claude Welcker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Modern Breeding

Little is known about the factors driving within species Genome Size (GS) variation. GS may be shaped indirectly by natural selection on development and adaptative traits. Because GS variation is particularly pronounced in maize, we have sampled 83 maize inbred lines from three well described genetic groups adapted to contrasted climate conditions: inbreds of tropical origin , Flint inbreds grown in temperate climates, and Dent inbreds distributed in the Corn Belt. As a proxy for growth rate, we measured the Leaf Elongation Rate maximum during nighttime (LERmax) as well as GS in all inbred lines. In addition we combined available and new nucleotide polymorphism data at 29,090 sites to characterize the genetic structure of our panel. We found significant variation for both LERmax and GS among groups defined by our genetic structuring. Tropicals displayed larger GS than Flints while Dents exhibited intermediate values. LERmax followed the opposite trend with greater growth rate in Flints than in Tropicals. In other words, LERmax and GS exhibited a significantly negative correlation (r=-0.27). However, this correlation was driven by among-group variation rather than within-group variation – it was no longer significant after controlling for structure and kinship among inbreds. Our results indicate that selection on GS may have accompanied ancient maize diffusion from its center of origin, with large DNA content excluded from temperate areas. Whether GS has been targeted by more intense selection during modern breeding within groups remains an open question. <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]-->

scholarly journals Testing the link between genome size and growth rate in maize

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud I Tenaillon ◽  
Domenica Manicacci ◽  
Stéphane D Nicolas ◽  
Francois Tardieu ◽  
Claude Welcker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
Group Variation ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Modern Breeding

Little is known about the factors driving within species Genome Size (GS) variation. GS may be shaped indirectly by natural selection on development and adaptative traits. Because GS variation is particularly pronounced in maize, we have sampled 83 maize inbred lines from three well described genetic groups adapted to contrasted climate conditions: inbreds of tropical origin , Flint inbreds grown in temperate climates, and Dent inbreds distributed in the Corn Belt. As a proxy for growth rate, we measured the Leaf Elongation Rate maximum during nighttime (LERmax) as well as GS in all inbred lines. In addition we combined available and new nucleotide polymorphism data at 29,090 sites to characterize the genetic structure of our panel. We found significant variation for both LERmax and GS among groups defined by our genetic structuring. Tropicals displayed larger GS than Flints while Dents exhibited intermediate values. LERmax followed the opposite trend with greater growth rate in Flints than in Tropicals. In other words, LERmax and GS exhibited a significantly negative correlation (r=-0.27). However, this correlation was driven by among-group variation rather than within-group variation – it was no longer significant after controlling for structure and kinship among inbreds. Our results indicate that selection on GS may have accompanied ancient maize diffusion from its center of origin, with large DNA content excluded from temperate areas. Whether GS has been targeted by more intense selection during modern breeding within groups remains an open question. <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--> <!--[endif]-->

scholarly journals Comprehensive genotyping of a Brazilian cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm bank: insights into diversification and domestication

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1362
Author(s):  
Alex C. Ogbonna ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Lukas A. Mueller ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira ◽  
Guillaume J. Bauchet
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Modern Breeding

Abstract Key message Brazilian cassava diversity was characterized through population genetics and clustering approaches, highlighting contrasted genetic groups and spatial genetic differentiation. Abstract Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple root crop of the tropics, originating from the Amazonian region. In this study, 3354 cassava landraces and modern breeding lines from the Embrapa Cassava Germplasm Bank (CGB) were characterized. All individuals were subjected to genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), identifying 27,045 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Identity-by-state and population structure analyses revealed a unique set of 1536 individuals and 10 distinct genetic groups with heterogeneous linkage disequilibrium (LD). On this basis, a density of 1300–4700 SNP markers were selected for large-effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Identified genetic groups were further characterized for population genetics parameters including minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity $$({H}_{o})$$ ( H o ) , effective population size estimate $$\widehat{{(N}_{e}}$$ ( N e ^ ) and polymorphism information content (PIC). Selection footprints and introgressions of M. glaziovii were detected. Spatial population structure analysis revealed five ancestral populations related to distinct Brazilian ecoregions. Estimation of historical relationships among identified populations suggests an early population split from Amazonian to Atlantic forest and Caatinga ecoregions and active gene flows. This study provides a thorough genetic characterization of ex situ germplasm resources from cassava’s center of origin, South America, with results shedding light on Brazilian cassava characteristics and its biogeographical landscape. These findings support and facilitate the use of genetic resources in modern breeding programs including implementation of association mapping and genomic selection strategies.

scholarly journals Feed demand behavior in sea bass juveniles: Effects on individual specific growth rate variation and health (inter-individual and inter-group variation)

Aquaculture ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Millot ◽  
M.-L. Bégout ◽  
J. Person-Le Ruyet ◽  
G. Breuil ◽  
C. Di-Poï ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Group Variation

scholarly journals A heterochromatic knob reducing the flowering time in maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Flavia Carvalho ◽  
Margarida L. R. Aguiar-Perecin ◽  
Wellington Ronildo Clarindo ◽  
Roberto F Fritsche Neto ◽  
Mateus Mondin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Agronomic Trait ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Homozygous State ◽  
Allele Substitution

Maize flowering time is an important agronomic trait, which is associated with variations in the genome size and heterochromatic knobs content. We integrated three steps to show this association. Firstly, we selected inbred lines varying for heterochromatic knob composition at specific sites in the homozygous state. Then, we produced heterozygous hybrids for knobs, which allow us to carry out genetic mapping. Second, we measured the genome size and flowering time for all materials. Knob composition did not affect the genome size. Finally, we developed an association study and identified a knob marker on chromosome 9 showing the strongest association with flowering time. Indeed, modeling allele substitution and dominance effects could offer only one heterochromatic knob locus that could affect flowering time, making it earlier rather than the knob composition.

scholarly journals An optimized catch-only assessment method for data poor fisheries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shijie Zhou ◽  
André E Punt ◽  
Anthony D. M. Smith ◽  
Yimin Ye ◽  
Malcolm Haddon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
Rate Maximum ◽  
Stock Depletion ◽  
Catch Statistics

Catch statistics are perhaps the most commonly collected data and are widely available for many fisheries. However, it is currently difficult to provide scientific advice for management purposes using only catch data. This article presents a catch-only method for stock assessment of data-poor fisheries. It uses time series of catches and two priors, one for the intrinsic population growth rate derived from life history parameters, and another for stock depletion based on catch trends. The method applies an optimization algorithm to search the potential parameter space. All computations are model or equation based rather than using predefined rules. The utility of this method is demonstrated by applying it to 13 stocks in Australia that are assessed using Stock Synthesis—an assessment package that can make use of a variety of data sources. The estimated parameters, including carrying capacity, intrinsic population growth rate, maximum sustainable yield, and depletion from the catch-only method are broadly comparable with those from the full assessments. The circumstances in which the method may perform poorly, such as longer-term changes in productivity and episodic recruitment, are highlighted.

scholarly journals Gene banks for wild and cultivated sunflower genetic resources

OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreten Terzić ◽  
Marie-Claude Boniface ◽  
Laura Marek ◽  
Daniel Alvarez ◽  
Karin Baumann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Local Research

Modern breeding of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which started 100 years ago, increased the number and the diversity of cultivated forms. In addition, for more than 50 years, wild sunflower and other Helianthus species have been collected in North America where they all originated. Collections of both cultivated and wild forms are maintained in gene banks in many countries where sunflower is an important crop, with some specificity according to the availability of germplasm and to local research and breeding programmes. Cultivated material includes land races, open pollinated varieties, synthetics and inbred lines. The majority of wild accessions are ecotypes of wild Helianthus annuus, but also 52 other species of Helianthus and a few related genera. The activities of three gene banks, in USA, France and Serbia, are described in detail, supplemented by data from seven other countries. Past and future uses of the genetic resources for environmental adaptation and breeding are discussed in relation to genomic and improved phenotypic knowledge of the cultivated and wild accessions available in the gene banks.

Effect of Different genetic and non-genetic factors on Pre weaninglitter and growth performance of pigs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purabi Kaushik ◽  
S. Banik ◽  
S. Naskar ◽  
K. Barman ◽  
A. A. Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Better Than

The study was carried out on two different genetic groups of pig viz. Duroc and Hampshire maintained at pig breeding farm of National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati. Effect of different genetic group and non-genetic factors (year and season of farrowing and parity) were estimated by least squares analysis of variance for different litter production, weight and pre weaning growth rate. Genetic group and parity revealed highly significant (P less than 0.01) effect on all the traits under study. However, effect of year and season of birth was non significant in most of the cases. The pre weaning mortality of Hampshire pigs was found to be less than Duroc. The performance of litter production and weight traits of Hampshire pigs were found to be better than Duroc pigs in the farm.

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