scholarly journals Taxonomic revision ofEoalligator(Crocodylia, Brevirostres) and the paleogeographic origins of the Chinese alligatoroids

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-yin Wang ◽  
Corwin Sullivan ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Alligator Sinensis ◽  
Key Characters

Background.The primarily Neotropical distribution of living alligatoroids raises questions as to when and how the ancestors ofAlligator sinensismigrated to China. As phylogeny provides a necessary framework for historical biogeographic issues, determining the phylogenetic positions of the Chinese alligatoroids is a crucial step towards understanding global alligatoroid paleobiogeography. Besides the unnamed alligatoroids from the Eocene of Guangdong Province, three Chinese fossil taxa have been referred to Alligatoroidea:Alligator luicus,Eoalligator chunyiiandEoalligator huiningensis. However, none of these fossil taxa has been included in a phylogenetic analysis. The genusEoalligatorwas established to accommodateE. chunyiifrom Guangdong Province.E. huiningensisfrom Anhui Province was later erected as a second species, despite no distinctive similarities withE. chunyii. By contrast, the putative crocodylineAsiatosuchus nanlingensiswas established based on material from Guangdong Province, close to theE. chunyiispecimens geographically and stratigraphically. Furthermore, specimens ofA. nanlingensisandE. chunyiishare four distinctive characters, but display no evident differences. As a result, the taxonomic relationships of these three species require restudy.Methods.In this paper, all specimens ofE. chunyiiandE. huiningensisare reassessed in detail, and compared to specimens ofA. nanlingensis. Detailed re-descriptions and revised diagnoses are provided, and a cladistic analysis is carried out to assess the phylogenetic positions ofE. chunyii,E. huiningensisandA. nanlingensis.Results.The analysis recoversE. chunyiiandA. nanlingensisas sister taxa among basal Crocodylidae, whileP. huiningensisis posited as an alligatoroid. Two key characters support the monophylyE. chunyii+A. nanlingensis: sulcus within surangular, and anteroposteriorly oriented surangular-articular suture. The former character is unique toE. chunyiiandA. nanlingensisamong crocodyloids, although a smaller and more posteriorly positioned surangular fossa is known inDiplocynodon. Detailed comparisons show the two species to be synonymous, withE. chunyiias the junior synonym ofA. nanlingensisbased on page priority. BecauseE. chunyiiwas erected as the type species ofEoalligator, the genus is now invalid. We establish the new genusProtoalligatorto accommodate “Eoalligator”huiningensis, an alligatoroid whose exact phylogenetic position is uncertain. In particular,P. huiningensisretains primitive characters such as a lacrimal that extends further anteriorly than the prefrontal, and a notch at the premaxilla-maxilla suture. However,P. huiningensisalso appears to share one important derived character, a complete nasal bar, with alligators. Our taxonomic revisions imply that four alligatoroids are currently known from China, and these species must have dispersed from North America to Asia in more than one event.

A cladistic revision of Tortopus Needham & Murphy with description of the new genus Tortopsis (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2481 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS MOLINERI
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fore Wing ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Median Line ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
First Time

The 12 species previously placed in Tortopus together with 3 species newly described here, are revised and included in a phylogenetic analysis. Based on synapomorphic characters on the nymphs and adults of both sexes, Tortopus is restricted to T. igaranus Needham & Murphy, T. circumfluus Ulmer, T. harrisi Traver, T. zottai (Navás), T. bellus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, and T. arenales sp. nov., and the genus is defined by: female parastyli receptors with long furrows anterior to sockets; penes entirely flattened; male ninth abdominal sternum almost separated in two portions by a median notch; mesosternum with furcasternal protuberances contiguous only on basal corner; and nymphs with two subapical tubercles on mandibular tusks. Tortopsis is newly described for T. bruchianus (Navás), T. limoncocha sp. nov., T. obscuripennis (Domínguez), T. parishi (Banks), T. primus (McDunnough), T. puella (Pictet), T. sarae (Domínguez), T. spatula sp. nov., and T. unguiculatus (Ulmer). Tortopsis is characterized by: R sector of female fore wing without additional veins between R 2 and IR; female parastyli receptors C or V-shaped, with sockets opening towards median line; male gonopore associated with a claw-like structure; penes separated from the base; parastyli more than 5 times length of pedestals; parastyli curved in lateral view; nymphs with a single subapical tubercle on mandibular tusks. The study of available type material permitted inclusion of comparative diagnoses, with figures and redescriptions as needed. The male imago of the type species of Tortopus (T. igaranus Needham & Murphy) is described for the first time, as are the female adults of Tortopus bellus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty and T. harrisi Traver. Three new Neotropical species based on male and female adults are described: Tortopus arenales and Tortopsis limoncocha from Ecuador, and Tortopsis spatula from Colombia. Keys to separate the adults and nymphs of the genera of Polymitarcyidae, and for male and female adults of all the species of Tortopus and Tortopsis are presented, as well as line drawings, pictures and SEM photographs of important structures.

Corrigendum to: Cladistic analysis and revision of Piestus Gravenhorst with remarks on related genera (Coleoptera : Staphylinidae : Piestinae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Edilson Caron ◽  
Cibele S. Ribeiro-Costa ◽  
Alfred F. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Branch Support

Rove beetles of the genus Piestus Gravenhorst, 1806 are commonly captured under the bark of or inside decaying logs from Neotropical forests. Piestus belongs to the subfamily Piestinae, historically an ill-defined dumping-ground for Staphylinidae defined by plesiomorphic characters, but which has gradually been restricted in concept and currently includes only six additional extant genera worldwide. Piestinae in this restricted sense has been considered a probably monophyletic subfamily, but its status and phylogenetic position, as a possible sister-group of Osoriinae within the recently proposed Oxyteline group of staphylinid subfamilies, are uncertain and need confirmation. The main aim of the present study was to provide a morphological cladistic analysis and complete taxonomic revision of Piestus, which, as the type and most speciose genus of Piestinae, is critical for future phylogenetic studies involving the subfamily. In our study, the monophyly of Piestus is established and phylogenetic relationships among its species are proposed based on 70 adult morphological characters. Piestus is supported by 11 synapomorphies and high branch support. All species of Piestus are revised and the genus is redefined. The genus contains 43 species, including 13 species described here for the first time. The previously proposed subgenera Antropiestus Bernhauer, 1917, Eccoptopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Elytropiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Lissopiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952, Piestus s. str., Trachypiestus Scheerpeltz, 1952 and Zirophorus Dalman, 1821 have not been confirmed, as they were found to be poly- or paraphyletic, or are here removed from Piestus, and therefore subgenera are not used. The main taxonomic changes are as follows. Lissopiestus, syn. nov. is proposed as new synonym of Eleusis Laporte, 1835 and its species, E. interrupta (Erichson, 1840), comb. rest., is transferred again to that genus. Antropiestus, syn. nov. and Eccoptopiestus, syn. nov. are proposed as new synonyms of Hypotelus Erichson, 1839 and their species, H. laevis (Solsky, 1872), comb. nov. and H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917), comb. nov., are transferred to Hypotelus. Fourteen new synonymies are proposed (valid species listed first): P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 = Z. furcatus Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. capricornis Laporte, 1835 = P. frontalis Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864 = P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, syn. nov.; P. rectus Sharp, 1876, syn. nov.; P. pygialis Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. surinamensis Bernhauer, 1928, syn. nov.; P. minutus Erichson, 1840 = P. nigrator Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806 = P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, syn. nov.; P. condei Wendeler, 1955, syn. nov.; P. gounellei Fauvel, 1902 = P. wasmanni Fauvel, 1902, syn. nov.; P. mexicanus Laporte, 1835 = P. alternans Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; P. aper Sharp, 1876 = P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952, syn. nov.; P. angularis Fauvel, 1864 = P. crassicornis Sharp, 1887, syn. nov.; H. andinus (Bernhauer, 1917) = P. strigipennis Bernhauer, 1921, syn. nov. One species is revalidated: P. fronticornis (Dalman, 1821), stat. rev., and one synonym is restored: P. penicillatus (Dalman, 1821) = P. erythropus Erichson, 1840, syn. rest. Neotypes are designated for P. lacordairei Laporte, 1835 and Oxytelus bicornis Olivier, 1811, and lectotypes are designated for P. puncticollis Fauvel, 1902, P. capricornis variety muticus Fauvel, 1902, P. zischkai Scheerpeltz, 1951, P. pennicornis Fauvel, 1864, P. plagiatus Fauvel, 1864, P. pygmaeus Laporte, 1835, P. niger Fauvel 1864, P. minutus Erichson, 1840, P. nigratror Fauvel, 1902, P. sulcatus Gravenhorst, 1806, P. sanctaecatharinae Bernhauer, 1906, P. sulcipennis Scheerpeltz, 1952, P. aper Sharp, 1876, P. schadei Scheerpeltz, 1952 and P. andinus Bernhauer, 1917.

scholarly journals Martensopsalis, a new genus of Neopilionidae from New Caledonia (Opiliones: Eupnoi)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4984 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
GONZALO GIRIBET ◽  
CAITLIN M. BAKER ◽  
DAMIEN BROUSTE
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Undescribed Species

New Caledonia has an endemic opiliofauna with two named species of Triaenonychidae, 17 Troglosironidae and eight Zalmoxidae. The recent finding of Neopilionidae on Grande Terre was thus surprising, and required the formal description of a new genus, which we undertake here. Martensopsalis gen. nov. is characterized by a small unsclerotized body with a unique palp with a pointed basal apophysis on the ventral side of the femur and with a distal apophysis on the prolateral side of the patella. The distinct external morphology, simple penis and unique phylogenetic position justify the erection of the new genus with Martensopsalis dogny spec. nov. as its type species. In addition to the type locality we report several other localities of putative congeneric, yet undescribed species. 

Revision of world Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with the description of a new genus and five new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4685 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRENE LOBATO-VILA ◽  
JULI PUJADE-VILLAR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
First Time

A taxonomic revision of the tribe Ceroptresini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is conducted for the first time. Prior to this study, the total number of valid species of Ceroptres, the only genus within Ceroptresini to date, was 23. As a result of this revision, 15 Ceroptres species are retained as valid and one species, Amblynotus ensiger Walsh, 1864, is desynonymized from Ceroptres petiolicola (Osten-Sacken, 1861), being considered here as a valid Ceroptres species: C. ensiger (Walsh, 1864) status verified and comb. nov. An additional five new species are described from Mexico: Ceroptres junquerasi Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar sp. nov.; C. lenis Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar sp. nov.; C. mexicanus Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar sp. nov.; C. nigricrus Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar sp. nov.; C. quadratifacies Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar sp. nov., increasing the total number of valid Ceroptres species to 21. Ceroptres masudai Abe, 1997 is synonymized with C. kovalevi Belizin, 1973. Ceroptres niger Fullaway, 1911 is transferred to Andricus (Andricus confusus Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar comb. nov. and nom. nov.). Five species (Amblynotus inermis Walsh, 1864; Cynips quercusarbos Fitch, 1859; Cynips querficus Fitch, 1859; Cynips quercuspisum Fitch, 1859; and Cynips quercustuber Fitch, 1859) are not considered as valid Ceroptres. The status of Ceroptres quereicola (Shinji, 1938), previously classified as an unplaced species, is commented on. In addition, a Nearctic species from the USA, Ceroptres politus Ashmead, 1896, is here proposed as the type species of a new genus within Ceroptresini: Buffingtonella Lobato-Vila & Pujade-Villar gen. nov. Redescriptions, biological and distribution data, illustrations and keys to genera and species within Ceroptresini are provided. The diagnostic morphological traits of Ceroptresini, Ceroptres and the new genus are discussed. 

Taxonomic revision and preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the subgenus Megalostomis (Scaphigenia) Lacordaire (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Roig-Juñent ◽  
Martha Domínguez ◽  
Federico Agrain
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis

AbstractThe subgenus M. (Scaphigenia) Lacordaire includes six species distributed in arid regions of South America. A systematic revision of this subgenus is presented, including re-descriptions and an update of distribution data of the six species. A preliminary cladistic analysis is performed to test the relationships among the species of the subgenus and if the morphological characters used are suitable. A key is presented to separate the seven subgenera of Megalostomis Chevrolat as well as a key for the species of the subgenus M. (Scaphigenia). Male aedeagus internal sac of the nine studied taxa are described and illustrated. This constitutes the first internal sac descriptions for members of this subtribe and could help clarify the homology of such structures within Cryptocephalinae. M. (S) consimilis Achard is reassigned to the species status on the base of genitalic characters. The cladistic analysis was done using forty-one characters from adult external morphology and male and female genitalia. Two species of two different subgenera of Megalostomis: M. (Megalostomis), and M. (Heterostomis) Lacordaire, and one representative of the genus Themesia Lacordaire were selected as out groups. Results were obtained by implicit enumeration using parsimony software. Three equally parsimonious trees were obtained of 45 steps, Ri=0.952, and Ci= 0.941. Support of each group was evaluated by Jacknifing, Bootstrap and Bremer values. Relationships between species are discussed.

scholarly journals Wenlock and Pridoli (Silurian) crinoids from Saaremaa, western Estonia (Phylum Echinodermata)

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
William I. Ausich ◽  
Mark A. Wilson ◽  
Olev Vinn
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Species Level ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
First Time

AbstractStudy of new collections of the Wenlock and Pridoli, Silurian, crinoids from Saaremaa, western Estonia, result in taxonomic revision, expanded ranges, and new taxa. Eucalyptocrinites regularis and Periechocrinus laevis are recognized outside of Sweden for the first time. Desmidocrinus laevigatus Ausich et al., 2012 is reassigned to Methabocrinus. Because the type species of Methabocrinus was previously known only from glacial sediments, the age and provenance of this genus are constrained for the first time. A new crotalocrinitid, Velocrinus coniculus new genus and species, is described. Although the Pridoli faunas of western Estonia contain only twelve species-level taxa assigned to nine genera, this fauna is one of the four richest Pridoli faunas known.

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Corotoca, with description of a new genus and species from Brazil (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Bruno Zilberman
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Exhaustive Search ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
A New Species

Corotoca is a strictly Neotropical genus of termitophilous beetles associated with termites of genus Constrictotermes. A cladistic analysis based on 13 terminal taxa and 60 characters (57 morphological and three behavioral) was conducted. The exhaustive search with equally weighted characters resulted in two most parsimonious trees with 95 steps. Spirachtha is proposed to be the sister group of the monophyletic “subgroup Corotocae” (Corotoca + Cavifonexus gen. nov.), based on eleven synapomorhphies (ten exclusive and one homoplastic). The monophyly of Corotoca is supported here, including six species associated with Constrictotermes cyphergaster: (Corotoca hitchensi sp. nov + (C. melantho + C. pseudomelantho sp. nov.) + ((C. fontesi + (C. phylo + C. araujoi)). A new genus, Cavifronexus gen. nov., is proposed to two species associated with Constrictotermes cavifrons (Holmgren, 1910): Cavifronexus guyanae comb. nov., from Guyana and Brazil, previously described as Corotoca; and a new species, Cavifronexus papaveroi sp. nov., from Brazil. This work also includes descriptions, redescriptions, and illustrations for all species and genera. Keys for genera and species identification in “subgroup Corotocae” are also provided.

Convergence with naticids: phenotypic phylogenetic study on some Antarctic littorinoideans, with description of the zerotulid new genusPseudonatica, and its presence in Brazil (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda)

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1365-1381
Author(s):  
Luiz Ricardo L. Simone
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Antarctic Species ◽  
Oesophageal Gland ◽  
Phenotypic Characters

Some Antarctic littorinoideans have a remarkable convergence with Naticoidea in shell and operculum features. Two naticid-like species of that group are studied in their phenotypic features in order to improve their taxonomy and to discuss the meaning of that convergence, as the former are herbivore-detritivore and the latter active predatory organisms. One of the studied species is the littorinidLaevilacunaria antarctica(Martens, 1885). The other belongs to a new genus –Pseudonatica, with the type species also newly described:P. antarctica, the genus is tentatively placed in Zerotulidae. Another Pseudonatica is also described,P. ampullarica, based only on shells collected by Marion-Dufresne French expedition off Brazilian coast, this finding expands the occurrence of zerotulids northwards. Besides the similarities of shell and operculum, other structures of these Antarctic species also show singular similarities with naticoideans, such as the wide foot, the complexity of opercular attachment in pedal opercular pad, the wide oesophageal gland, and the coiled arrangement of the pallial oviduct. The phenotypic characters were coded and inserted in a previous large phylogenetic analysis on Caenogastropoda (Simone, 2011), furnishing a wide basis for discussion on the characters, taxonomic position, evolution and adaptations of these organisms.

Description of Genus Guaianaza for “Euptychia” pronophila (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with a description of the immature stages

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1163 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ VICTOR LUCCI FREITAS ◽  
CARLOS PEÑA
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Established Genus

The satyrine Euptychia pronophila Butler (Nymphalidae) was described in 1867 in the “catch-all” genus Euptychia, but was recently treated as incertae sedis. A DNA-based cladistic analysis confirms that it belongs to the Euptychiina, as sister to Forsterinaria and closely related to Taygetis, Posttaygetis, Parataygetis, Pseudodebis, and Harjesia. Although immature morphology also suggests that this species is closely related to Forsterinaria, none of the adult morphological synapomorphies for the genera in the aforementioned clade occur in E. pronophila, a highly autapomorphic species. Because we were unable to place it with confidence in an established genus, the monotypic satyrine genus Guaianaza Freitas & Peña New Genus is described, with Euptychia pronophila Butler as the type species.

Cryptophaea, a new genus of byssoid Arthoniaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) and its phylogenetic position

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
DRIES VAN DEN BROECK ◽  
DAMIEN ERTZ
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Phylogenetic Position

Cryptophaea, a new corticolous lichen genus, is described from the Congo basin as belonging to the cryptothecioid Arthoniaceae. It is characterized by (1) maculiform, tomentose, brownish ascomata lacking a distinct exciple, (2) the absence of a distinct hamathecium of paraphysoids, (3) a byssoid crustose thallus with a trentepohlioid photobiont, (4) greyish to brown (sub)muriform ascospores and (5) the presence of parietin, an anthraquinone, absent in the other cryptothecioid Arthoniaceae. At this moment the new genus is represented by only one species, Cryptophaea phaeospora sp. nov. A phylogenetic analysis of mtSSU and RPB2 sequences shows Cryptophaea as sister genus to Glomerulophoron in the cryptothecioid Arthoniaceae.

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