scholarly journals Scarcity of ecosystem services: an experimental manipulation of declining pollination rates and its economic consequences for agriculture

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpinder Sandhu ◽  
Benjamin Waterhouse ◽  
Stephane Boyer ◽  
Steve Wratten
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
The Impact

Ecosystem services (ES) such as pollination are vital for the continuous supply of food to a growing human population, but the decline in populations of insect pollinators worldwide poses a threat to food and nutritional security. Using a pollinator (honeybee) exclusion approach, we evaluated the impact of pollinator scarcity on production in four brassica fields, two producing hybrid seeds and two producing open-pollinated ones. There was a clear reduction in seed yield as pollination rates declined. Open-pollinated crops produced significantly higher yields than did the hybrid ones at all pollination rates. The hybrid crops required at least 0.50 of background pollination rates to achieve maximum yield, whereas in open-pollinated crops, 0.25 pollination rates were necessary for maximum yield. The total estimated economic value of pollination services provided by honeybees to the agricultural industry in New Zealand is NZD $1.96 billion annually. This study indicates that loss of pollination services can result in significant declines in production and have serious implications for the market economy in New Zealand. Depending on the extent of honeybee population decline, and assuming that results in declining pollination services, the estimated economic loss to New Zealand agriculture could be in the range of NZD $295–728 million annually.

scholarly journals Toward Decision-Making Support: Valuation and Mapping of New Management Scenarios for Tunisian Cork Oak Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Mariem Khalfaoui ◽  
Hamed Daly-Hassen ◽  
Boutheina Stiti ◽  
Sihem Jebari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Density Decrease ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Impact

Forest ecosystems are an important anthropogenic pillar to human wellbeing, providing a multitude of ecosystem services. In Mediterranean countries, where climate change effects are exponentially increasing, the value of the forest ecosystem services is even higher and their preservation is more crucial. However, the biophysical and economic value of such services is usually not observable due to their non-marketable characteristics, leading to their underestimation by decision-makers. This paper aims to guide decision-making through a set of new management scenarios based on ecosystem services’ values and their spatial distribution. It is a cumulative multidisciplinary study based on biophysical models results, economically valued and implemented using the geographic information system (GIS) to analyze spatial data. The investigation was based on a biophysical and economic valuation of cork, grazing, carbon sequestration and sediment retention as a selection of ecosystem services provided by cork oak forest (Ain Snoussi, Tunisia). The valuation was made for the actual situation and two management scenarios (density decrease and afforestation of the shrub land), with emphasis on their spatial distribution as a basis to new management. The total economic value (TEV) of the investigated services provided by Ain Snoussi forest (3787 ha) was €0.55 million/year corresponding to €194/ha/year. The assessment of two different scenarios based on the land cover changes showed that the afforestation scenario provided the highest TEV with €0.68 million/year and an average of €217/ha, while the density decrease scenario provided €0.54 million/year and an average of €191/ha. Such results may orient decision-makers about the impact new management may have, however they should be applied with caution and wariness due to the importance of the spatial dimension in this study.

The valuation of ecosystem services of the Khangain nuruu national park

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Ganzorig G ◽  
Enkh-Amgalan G ◽  
Аmartuvshin O ◽  
Densmaa Sh ◽  
Gantulga Ts
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Livestock Husbandry

The state protected areas (PAs) lack with financial resource, which weakens the PA management including lack of human resource and their skill development, transparent cooperations, and of equipments and vehicles for ecosystem conservation and rehabilitation activities of the PAs. Thus, research on analysing the economic value of the PAs is vital important for the decision makers and policy planners, because they have lack of understanding of benefits of investing to the PAs. In 2013, United Nations Development Programme published a book that reflects the approach of “Targeted Scenario Analysis”, which is used in our study. The Khangain Nuruu National Park (KNPA) locates in 11 soums of three provinces, namely Arkhangai, Bayankhongor and Uvurkhangai, and we analyzed economic value of the KNPA for six economic sectors (livestock husbandry, crop farming, forestry, tourism, mining and industry), and two non-economic but consumption based sectors (carbon sequestration from larch trees, and drinkable water). The economic value or the contribution to the economy of Mongolia from KNPA was about MNT 165.4 billion in 2014, and it summed up to MNT 1 trillion between 2002 and 2014. Livestock husbandry, mining and tourism sectors benefitted about two third of this value. In case of “Business As Usual-BAU” scenario takes, continuesly, in place the total economic loss would reach to MNT 1.4 trillion between 2015 and 2040, compared to “Investing in Natural Capital-INC” scenario. Hence, implementing INC in the KNPA management would save this loss. We recommend to increase the financial resources for the KNPA management, therefore the economic sectors will not diminish due to lack of ecosystem services of the PA, which would then develop the sectors in the long run sustainably.

ORGANIZATION OF METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE STATE OF ECOSYSTEM ASSETS OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES RELATED TO WATER

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Valentyna Kolmakova
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The State ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Transfer Benefit ◽  
Normative Cost ◽  
Territorial Water ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to substantiate scientific approaches to streamlining methods for assessing the state of ecosystem assets of territorial communities related to water, from the standpoint of sustainable nature management on an ecosystem basis. The modern scientific developments on estimation of cost of ecosystem services connected with water, are resulted in the leading international documents are investigated. The peculiarities of application of the methodological approach of ZEC (general economic value) are revealed, which provides taking into account both the real characteristics of the actual use of ecosystem services related to water and the potential (hidden) characteristics of their non-use. It is determined that the most promising in the process of assessing ecosystem services related to water may be the use of methods such as: "market" prices; normative; cost transfer; benefit transfer, scenario development method, subjective assessments. It is emphasized that these methods can be applied both separately and in certain combinations (combinatorics), due to the need to take into account the specifics of ecosystem services produced by ecosystem assets and the impact of integration processes within the ecosystem interaction of territorial spatial formations. In this context, the possibility of applying the concept of ZEC to assess ecosystem services related to water, on the example of the village of Semenivka Blagodatnensky united territorial community of Pervomaisky district of Mykolayiv region according to the author's methodology and formalized them using several methods. Further research has prospects in the following areas: formation of a comprehensive system approach to streamlining the methods of cost measurement of water-related ecosystem assets; development and introduction of effective methodological approaches to the assessment of ecosystem assets, which are based on the use of combinatorics of possible assessment methods, which are selected in accordance with the characteristics of the local territorial water resource potential.

scholarly journals Status and economic valuation of ecosystem services of Tanguar haor: A wetland of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
HM Solayman ◽  
Md Abdul Baten ◽  
Md Badiuzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
The Impact

Tanguar haor wetland is one of the listed Ramsar sites enrich with biodiversity variety and provides several ecosystem services with significant contribution to the national economy of Bangladesh. But these services were decreasing day by day due to natural and anthropogenic activities. The purposes of this study were to identify the utilized ecosystem services by communities, economic values of utilized ecosystem services and the basic reasons for depleting of ecosystem services. Data were collected through baseline survey, checklists, face to face questionnaire survey and focus group discussion (FGD) from 120 residential respondents and 50 tourist respondents by accepting random sampling techniques during November, 2016 to September, 2017. Physiochemical characteristics of the water were determined where the mean temperature and pH were 28.26°C and 7.72 respectively. The highest TDS, EC, DO, NO3 and PO4 values were 1020 (mg L−1), 1460 (μS cm−1), 8.56 (mg L−1), 1.769 (mg L−1) and 0.078 (mg L−1), respectively. Commonly utilized ecosystem services were crops, vegetables, fuel, fresh water, fishes and migratory birds, climate regulation, water purification, natural hazards protection, aesthetic, social relations, recreation & tourism, health benefit, primary production, nutrient cycling, water cycling habitats for species and provision of habitat etc. Market Value Method (MVM) and Contingent Value Method (CVM) were applied to measure the economic value of Tanguar haor wetland services. DPSIR framework and Impact Matrix (IM) were applied for conceptual analysis to identify the effects on ecosystem services. Total economic value of 39 ecosystem services of Tanguar haor was estimated at 174039980 BDT year−1. Mismanagement of biodiversity, over exploitation, sedimentation of haor, climate change, illegal hunting, land use changes and habitat changes were the responsible factors for depleting ecosystem services. The impact factor (4.161) was identified by natural and anthropogenic factors on ecosystem services. There have a vast prospect of the Tanguar haor wetland services for near communities. Finally the research suggested several sustainable management approaches which have the potentiality to protect the services of the wetland.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(2): 237-243, August 2018

scholarly journals The Footprint of Wildfires on Mediterranean Forest Ecosystem Services in Vesuvius National Park

Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Roberto Silvestro ◽  
Luigi Saulino ◽  
Carla Cavallo ◽  
Emilia Allevato ◽  
Stefania Pindozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Mediterranean Forest ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Regulation Services ◽  
The Mediterranean

Wildfires are one of the most important natural disturbances in vegetation biomes. In recent decades, both the number and severity of fires have significantly increased in Mediterranean forests, frequently resulting in catastrophic events. In this scenario, we aimed to explore the flow of ecosystem services and their related economic value that was disrupted by human-induced megafires in the Mediterranean forest of Vesuvius National Park in the summer of 2017. We adopted an innovative approach by merging two methodologies: an ecological approach to evaluate the status of the forest ecosystem after the wildfires and an economics methodology to estimate the monetary value of the interruption to ecosystem services. Losses related to the following six services were estimated: woody biomass, soil erosion control, habitat maintenance, pollination, carbon stock, and ecotourism. In 2017, 3350 ha of forest (88% of the total forested area of Vesuvius National Park) burnt over a period of 49 days. The total estimated monetary loss amounted to €14.363 M, 56.9% of which comprised of provisioning ecosystem services, while 34.7% encompassed maintenance and regulation services, and 8.5% were so-called cultural services. Suppression costs accounted for 16% of the total estimated economic loss of ecosystem services. Our results provide useful insights for decision-makers when allocating financial resources, suggesting that they should invest in fire prevention rather than fire suppression and post-fire restoration. This explicit valuation of the footprint of the wildfires, although not exhaustive, can also lead to greater awareness among the public regarding the benefits conferred by Mediterranean forest ecosystems. This is the first study to economically evaluate the interruption of ecosystem services after megafires in the Mediterranean basin.

scholarly journals Analisis Perkiraan Biaya Ekonomi Deforestasi Di Kalimantan Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Akhmad Yani
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Almost all forest areas in the districts / cities in West Kalimantan experience reduced area. Reducing the area of forest area or deforestation can, of course, have a detrimental impact on the environment which in turn can disrupt the sustainability of development itself. Deforestation has ecological, economic and social impacts. The higher the rate of deforestation, it will cause the potential impact will also increase. West Kalimantan experienced a fairly high level of deforestation. This gives an indication that the impact caused by deforestation in West Kalimantan has a relatively high potential. In other words, deforestation causes losses including economic losses. Related to this, the research question is how much economic value is the loss caused by deforestation in West Kalimantan? This research has 2 (two) objectives: first, calculating the economic costs of deforestation in West Kalimantan during the period 2009-2015, and second, analyzing the effect of the economic costs of deforestation on West Kalimantan's GDP during the period 2009-2015. Based on the data base for the period 2009 to 2015 and using the benefit transfer technique, this research has found that the highest economic losses occur in the secondary production forest and the lowest in the conservation forest area. Furthermore, during the period 2009 to 2015, this study has found that the highest economic loss value occurred in 2013 and the lowest occurred in 2011. Overall, the value of economic losses in the form of a combination of depletion and degradation provides a less significant reduction on the value of the forestry sub-sector GRDP in West Kalimantan.

scholarly journals Using a residency index to estimate the economic value of saltmarsh provisioning services for commercially important fish species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah A. McCormick ◽  
Roberto Salguero-Gómez ◽  
Morena Mills ◽  
Katrina Davis
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Solea Solea ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Economic Analyses

ABSTRACTEvery year, 100 hectares of saltmarsh in the United Kingdom are lost due to sea level rise. The remaining areas are threatened by land conversion, agricultural activities, and climate change. There are important economic consequences to saltmarsh loss, as saltmarsh provides valuable ecosystem services including flood protection, carbon sequestration, and nursery habitat for commercially fished species. Quantifying the economic value of these ecosystem services can help target policies for saltmarsh restoration, or ‘managed realignment’, of new saltmarsh areas. In this study, we quantify the economic value of saltmarsh as a habitat for commercially fished species by developing a residency index. The residency index weights the relative importance of saltmarsh along a species’ lifecycle by explicitly incorporating the target species’ life histories and the estimated proportion of time it spends in saltmarsh at juvenile and adult life stages. Using this index, we estimate the value of saltmarsh to UK commercial fisheries landings. We find that UK saltmarsh contributes annually between 16.7% and 18.2% of total UK commercial landings for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and Common sole (Solea solea). Our findings highlight the importance of saltmarsh protection and restoration. Furthermore, our approach provides a general framework that integrates population ecology methods and economic analyses to assess the value of saltmarsh and other coastal habitats for fisheries worldwide.

scholarly journals The Impact of Direct Expenditures of Diving Tourism Towards The Economy of Coastal Balinese

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
I Wayan Suardana ◽  
Saroyeni Piartini ◽  
Ni Made Ariani
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Marine Ecosystem Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This research illustrates the extent of correlation between the local economy and marine ecosystem services. Apart from being recreational destinations oriented to the economy, Tulamben and Pemuteran are places where coral reefs ecosystem grows and develops. Hence, it needs to be properly conserved. This study found the estimated number of tourists who dive and snorkel in these two areas, it reaches 297.752 per year, with actual annual expenditures amount to US$ 283.2 million. The economic impact of the whole diving tourism in Tulamben and Pemuteran approximately ranges from US$ 396.4 million to US$ 1.059.7 million per year. The high economic value achieved by the government and the local communities as a whole indicates a significant increase of diving activities in both areas. This result suggests that local economy and marine ecosystem services are closely related. However, tourism and the perception aroused about the environmental issues and values not only provide opportunities for macro business improvement but also pose a threat to the sustainability of the underwater ecosystem.

scholarly journals Diversity of pollinators in marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) in a core area of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Sandhya Gurung ◽  
Neel Kamal Koju ◽  
Narayan Prasad Koju
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Wild Bees ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
The Impact

Insect pollinators provide crucial ecosystem services in the urban environment but are under threat and lack comprehensive study and Pollinators’ interaction to change urban land use. Marigold is an important nectar provider for many insects, plays a major role in ecosystem services, and holds a strong cultural and economic value. Therefore, it is important to learn the diversity of insect pollinators in marigolds in an urban environment and assess the impact of urbanization on pollinators. This study aimed to study pollinator diversity, visit frequency, and shift-wise distribution in the core urban area of Kathmandu valley. A total of 21 species of pollinators were recorded from fourteen families and four orders: Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. Lepidoptera accounted for the highest diversity index of 1.87 followed by Diptera. Furthermore, the study recorded the highest species diversity and abundance during the daytime compared to the morning and the evening hour. The highest diversity of Diptera and Lepidoptera suggests that the urban area is a suitable foraging area whereas, the absence of wild bees further suggests the urbanization as a threat to the wild bee population and demand urgent policy or action for the conservation of pollinators for the conservation of biodiversity and growth in agricultural production.

Office market response to earthquake risk in New Zealand

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Filippova ◽  
Michael Rehm ◽  
Chris Dibble
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Office Market ◽  
Earthquake Zone ◽  
The Impact

Purpose With the marked increase in the awareness of earthquake risks following the Canterbury earthquakes, the purpose of this paper is to assess if the reassessment of risk has influenced rents for office accommodation in commercial buildings. Two contrasting office markets are examined: New Zealand’s largest market within a high-risk earthquake zone – Wellington, and the country’s largest market within a low-risk zone – Auckland. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 252 leasing transactions were collected from a proprietary database of Colliers International, one of the largest commercial brokerage firms in New Zealand. Hedonic pricing models were developed to isolate the effects of building seismic strength on office rents. Findings Wellington office market rents tend to increase with higher earthquake strength (New Building Standard) ratings, all other factors held equal. In contrast, rents in Auckland, a low-risk earthquake area, do not exhibit such price effects. Practical implications The study provides estimates of the economic value associated with seismic retrofits which are vital for building owners’ decision making who must weigh retrofit costs against the economic benefits of doing so. Originality/value This study provides the first empirical analysis of office rents in New Zealand and the first quantitative analysis, internationally, of the impact of earthquake risk on commercial rents.

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