scholarly journals How does agonistic behaviour differ in albino and pigmented fish?

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Slavík ◽  
Pavel Horký ◽  
Marie Wackermannová
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Cave Fish ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour ◽  
Species Specific

In addition to hypopigmentation of the skin and red iris colouration, albino animals also display distinct physiological and behavioural alterations. However, information on the social interactions of albino animals is rare and has mostly been limited to specially bred strains of albino rodents and animals from unique environments in caves. Differentiating between the effects of albinism and domestication on behaviour in rodents can be difficult, and social behaviour in cave fish changes according to species-specific adaptations to conditions of permanent darkness. The agonistic behaviours of albino offspring of pigmented parents have yet to be described. In this study, we observed agonistic behaviour in albino and pigmented juvenileSilurus glaniscatfish. We found that the total number of aggressive interactions was lower in albinos than in pigmented catfish. The distance between conspecifics was also analysed, and albinos showed a tendency towards greater separation from their same-coloured conspecifics compared with pigmented catfish. These results demonstrate that albinism can be associated with lower aggressiveness and with reduced shoaling behaviour preference, as demonstrated by a tendency towards greater separation of albinos from conspecifics.

Social ethology of the wolverine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Copeland ◽  
Arild Landa ◽  
Kimberly Heinemeyer ◽  
Keith B. Aubry ◽  
Jiska van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social System ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Species

Social behaviour in solitary carnivores has long been an active area of investigation but for many species remains largely founded in conjecture compared to our understanding of sociality in group-living species. The social organization of the wolverine has, until now, received little attention beyond its portrayal as a typical mustelid social system. In this chapter the authors compile observations of social interactions from multiple wolverine field studies, which are integrated into an ecological framework. An ethological model for the wolverine is proposed that reveals an intricate social organization, which is driven by variable resource availability within extremely large territories and supports social behaviour that underpins offspring development.

scholarly journals Implications of multiple mating for offspring relatedness and shoaling behaviour in juvenile guppies

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P Evans ◽  
Jennifer L Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Multiple Mating ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour

Polyandry (female multiple mating) can confer important benefits to females, but few studies have considered its potential costs. One such cost may arise through differences in the relatedness of offspring born to females with different mating histories; offspring born to monandrous females are always full siblings, while those produced by polyandrous females may be full or half siblings. These differences may have important consequences for social interactions among offspring. We used artificial insemination in the guppy ( Poecilia reticulata ), a promiscuous live-bearing fish, to evaluate shoaling behaviour in polyandrous and monandrous broods. We combined this information with known parentage data for the polyandrous broods to determine whether sibling relatedness influenced offspring shoaling behaviour. While we detected no effect of mating treatment (polyandry/monandry) on shoaling behaviour, we found that pairs of full siblings spent significantly more time shoaling (and in close proximity) than pairs of half siblings. This latter finding confirms the ability of newborn guppies to distinguish brood mates on the basis of kinship, but also suggests an important and hitherto unrealized potential cost of polyandry: a reduction in within-brood relatedness with potentially important implications for offspring social behaviour.

scholarly journals Determinants Of Dominance, Resting Place And Neighbour Preferences In Wrzosówka Polska Ewes Kept Indoors

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin T. Górecki ◽  
Natalia Dziwińska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
The Social

Abstract The aim of this study was to recognize features determining social hierarchy in Wrzosówka Polska ewes kept indoors as well as to investigate their resting place and companionship preferences. Observations (156 hours in total) were carried out in a group of 22 ewes. The social rank of sheep was determined by their age, body weight and length of horns. Social position was positively correlated with aggressive behaviour performed and negatively with aggressive behaviour received. Use of space while resting was influenced by ewe social behaviour; aggressive individuals lied more often in attractive places, namely against walls and fodder troughs compared to other animals. In general, the ewes rested by having physical contact with animals of similar rank and aggressiveness. Kinship appeared not to be important in neighbour preference. As can be concluded, social interactions influenced the use of space and neighbourhood in ewes

Some effects of housing on the social behaviour of dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Miller ◽  
D. G. M. Wood-Gush
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Social Tension ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

AbstractA herd of high-yielding Friesian dairy cows was observed outdoors and in a modern cubicle house. Indoors there was a much higher level of gross agonistic behaviour than at pasture (9·5 v. 1·1 per h). Furthermore, the use of continuous filming showed a high level of avoidance amongst the cows which impeded the movement of the more submissive cows. All cows spent proportionately 0·34 to 0·56 of their time indoors watching one another and 0·45 to 0·66 of their time in ‘social tension’. There was less synchrony of behaviour indoors than at pasture and despite the presence of one Calan Broadbent stall for each cow there was a high rate of displacement from the stalls involving cows of all degrees of dominance. The results are discussed in relation to housing design and husbandry practice.

scholarly journals Experience has a limited effect on humans’ ability to predict the outcome of social interactions in children, dogs and macaques

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha Donnier ◽  
Gyula Kovács ◽  
Linda S. Oña ◽  
Juliane Bräuer ◽  
Federica Amici
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Specific Experience ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe ability to predict others’ behaviour represents a crucial mechanism which allows individuals to react faster and more appropriately. To date, several studies have investigated humans’ ability to predict conspecifics’ behaviour, but little is known on our ability to predict behaviour in other species. Here, we aimed to test humans’ ability to predict social behaviour in dogs, macaques and humans, and assess the role played by experience and evolution on the emergence of this ability. For this purpose, we presented participants with short videoclips of real-life social interactions in dog, child and macaque dyads, and then asked them to predict the outcome of the observed interactions (i.e. aggressive, neutral or playful). Participants were selected according to their previous species-specific experience with dogs, children and non-human primates. Our results showed a limited effect of experience on the ability to predict the outcome of social interactions, which was mainly restricted to macaques. Moreover, we found no support to the co-domestication hypothesis, in that participants were not especially skilled at predicting dog behaviour. Finally, aggressive outcomes in dogs were predicted significantly worse than playful or neutral ones. Based on our findings, we suggest possible lines for future research, like the inclusion of other primate species and the assessment of cultural factors on the ability to predict behaviour across species.

The Habitat Utilisation and Social Behaviour of Captive Rock-wallabies: Implications for Management.

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
J. Bulinski ◽  
D. Goldney ◽  
J. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Line Frequency ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Resting Sites ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Dominant Female ◽  
The Social

As part of a breeding program a small group of Brush-tailed Rock-wallabies, Petrogale penicillata, was captured within the Jenolan Caves reserve and transferred to a nearby enclosure. This study examined the social behaviour and habitat utilisation of these captive rock-wallabies. The subjects were observed in slightly over half (52.2%) of the area available within the enclosure. Sightings were concentrated around a small cliff line. Frequency of sightings within grid cells was significantly correlated with scat density but unrelated to a measure of visibility suggesting the rock-wallabies exhibit strong preference for certain habitats. A Poisson analysis indicated that preferred habitat was characterised as having a northerly aspect, high levels of rock coverage and high shrub density. There was only a small amount of this habitat type within the enclosure which may account for the high levels of aggression which we observed (23.9% of all social behaviour). Aggression was particularly prevalent between adult females (64.8% of all aggressive interactions). The subordinate female was the only animal observed to use resting sites to the south of the cliff line. We suggest that aggression from the dominant female forced the subordinate female to use these less preferred areas.

Female Dominance and Social Structure in Alaotran Gentle Lemurs

Behaviour ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
pp. 1235-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Female Dominance ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hapalemur Griseus ◽  
Group Movements

AbstractLemur social systems have the striking social feature, that adult females consistently evoke submissive behaviour of adult males. In the Alaotran gentle lemur, Hapalemur griseus alaotrensis, however, female dominance has not been studied yet. Here we confirm female dominance over males on the basis of a 5-month field study of the social behaviour of four groups, in the Lake Alaotra marshland of eastern Madagascar. Further, we found that dominant individuals initiated aggressive interactions significantly more often than lowerranking ones, they initiated group movements more often and higher-ranking individuals were groomed more often. The spatial configuration was remarkable, since individuals were closer in space to those more distant in rank.

scholarly journals Seasonality of social behaviour among immature belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) in managed care

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson R. Ham ◽  
Malin K. Lilley ◽  
Malin R. Miller ◽  
Heather M. Manitzas Hill
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Managed Care ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
The Social ◽  
Near Shore

Belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) in managed care have been reported to show seasonal variation in socio-sexual behaviour, hormone levels and respiration rates; however, little is known about the social interactions of wild belugas when they are not in summer, near-shore congregations. To better understand if belugas show seasonal variation in social interactions, this study recorded the behaviour of 10 belugas (five females, five males, ranging from birth to 10 years of age) housed in managed care. Social interactions typically peaked in the summer months but persisted at very low levels during the rest of the year. Seasonal variation was most dramatic for socio-sexual behaviour but was generally mirrored in pattern by agonistic and affiliative interactions. Subjects closer to maturity displayed more seasonal variation than younger subjects, and males displayed more seasonal variation compared to females. The peak in social interactions found in this study aligns rather closely with wild belugas’ summer, near-shore congregations, where belugas have increased opportunities for socializing. Although belugas in managed care do not experience a seasonal change in habitat, they do show seasonal changes in social behaviour, which are likely driven by seasonal fluctuations in hormone levels. It is therefore expected that wild beluga populations would show similar behavioural patterns if they were observed throughout the remainder of the year. This research has applications for belugas in managed care and may provide a framework for understanding the social behaviour of wild belugas.

The Social Behaviour of Captive Northern Quolls, Dasyurus hallucatus.

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
E.R. Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Test Arena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marking Behaviour ◽  
Fighting Behaviour

Thirty-one staged interactions between male-male, female-female and male-female pairs of captive Dasyurus hallucatus were video recorded. No contact-promoting behaviour such as huddling or allogrooming was observed. Animals performed solitary exploration of the test arena, were inactive, performed olfactory investigation and scent-marking, watched or reacted to the opponent with agonistic behaviour. Two threat postures were identified: a "straight threat" was positively correlated with submissive behaviour and indicated a defensive motivation. A "shuffle threat" was associated with aggressive behaviour and indicated an offensive motivation. Hissing vocalizations were associated with threatening behaviour, particularly straight threatening. Sniffing vocalizations were associated with agonistic behaviour. Squawks were always associated with attacking and fighting. Behaviour differed significantly among encounter types. Males performed more agonistic behaviour and less exploratory behaviour than females in same-sex encounters. In male-female encounters, females displayed more submissive and less sniff/marking behaviour than males. D. hallucatus conform to observations that most dasyurid species are solitary and asocial.

CPD article: Understanding the social behaviour of dairy cattle can benefit welfare and productivity

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
Adam J George ◽  
Sarah L Bolt
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Social Associations

Cattle are social animals, and an understanding of social associations and interactions is an important consideration when managing herds. Knowledge of this can facilitate positive welfare and productivity and it can also help to reduce the spread of disease. Social network analysis (SNA) is a tool that can be used to assess specific social interactions within cattle groups and help determine appropriate management actions in livestock enterprises. The aim of this review is to summarise how SNA can be used to study the social behaviour patterns of dairy cattle and highlight applications for this approach on dairy farms.

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