The Social Behaviour of Captive Northern Quolls, Dasyurus hallucatus.

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
E.R. Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Test Arena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Marking Behaviour ◽  
Fighting Behaviour

Thirty-one staged interactions between male-male, female-female and male-female pairs of captive Dasyurus hallucatus were video recorded. No contact-promoting behaviour such as huddling or allogrooming was observed. Animals performed solitary exploration of the test arena, were inactive, performed olfactory investigation and scent-marking, watched or reacted to the opponent with agonistic behaviour. Two threat postures were identified: a "straight threat" was positively correlated with submissive behaviour and indicated a defensive motivation. A "shuffle threat" was associated with aggressive behaviour and indicated an offensive motivation. Hissing vocalizations were associated with threatening behaviour, particularly straight threatening. Sniffing vocalizations were associated with agonistic behaviour. Squawks were always associated with attacking and fighting. Behaviour differed significantly among encounter types. Males performed more agonistic behaviour and less exploratory behaviour than females in same-sex encounters. In male-female encounters, females displayed more submissive and less sniff/marking behaviour than males. D. hallucatus conform to observations that most dasyurid species are solitary and asocial.

scholarly journals Determinants Of Dominance, Resting Place And Neighbour Preferences In Wrzosówka Polska Ewes Kept Indoors

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin T. Górecki ◽  
Natalia Dziwińska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
The Social

Abstract The aim of this study was to recognize features determining social hierarchy in Wrzosówka Polska ewes kept indoors as well as to investigate their resting place and companionship preferences. Observations (156 hours in total) were carried out in a group of 22 ewes. The social rank of sheep was determined by their age, body weight and length of horns. Social position was positively correlated with aggressive behaviour performed and negatively with aggressive behaviour received. Use of space while resting was influenced by ewe social behaviour; aggressive individuals lied more often in attractive places, namely against walls and fodder troughs compared to other animals. In general, the ewes rested by having physical contact with animals of similar rank and aggressiveness. Kinship appeared not to be important in neighbour preference. As can be concluded, social interactions influenced the use of space and neighbourhood in ewes

Some effects of housing on the social behaviour of dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Miller ◽  
D. G. M. Wood-Gush
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Housing Design ◽  
Social Tension ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

AbstractA herd of high-yielding Friesian dairy cows was observed outdoors and in a modern cubicle house. Indoors there was a much higher level of gross agonistic behaviour than at pasture (9·5 v. 1·1 per h). Furthermore, the use of continuous filming showed a high level of avoidance amongst the cows which impeded the movement of the more submissive cows. All cows spent proportionately 0·34 to 0·56 of their time indoors watching one another and 0·45 to 0·66 of their time in ‘social tension’. There was less synchrony of behaviour indoors than at pasture and despite the presence of one Calan Broadbent stall for each cow there was a high rate of displacement from the stalls involving cows of all degrees of dominance. The results are discussed in relation to housing design and husbandry practice.

scholarly journals Aggressive behaviour of spotted spiny lobsters (Panulirus guttatus) in different social contexts: the influence of sex, size, and missing limbs

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i155-i163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Briones-Fourzán ◽  
Roberto Domínguez-Gallegos ◽  
Enrique Lozano-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
The Social ◽  
Panulirus Guttatus ◽  
Discrete Populations

AbstractPanulirus guttatus is a sedentary spiny lobster that exhibits cryptic behaviour and a low degree of gregariousness. Because these lobsters are obligate coral reef-dwellers and avoid sandy expanses, they are potentially distributed in relatively small, discrete populations with variable social contexts, which can strongly influence the expression of aggression. The present study examined the relative importance of sex, size, and the number of missing limbs in the shelter-related aggressive behaviour of replicated groups of four lobsters that differed in social context (i.e. same-sex and mixed-sex groups). Each group was held in a seawater tank with a single artificial cave-like shelter. The interior of the cave was video-recorded for 72 h and the number of aggressions performed by each individual was quantified in a 10-min segment of video per hour. Most aggressions were related to occupancy of the shelter inner space and tended to end when individuals were sufficiently spaced out. In general, per-capita rates of aggression were higher at night and size was an important predictor of aggressiveness among individuals of the same sex. Males were substantially more aggressive than females, but the number of missing limbs significantly impacted the degree of aggressiveness in males. In mixed-sex groups, fewer aggressions occurred when the largest individual was a male than when it was a female, suggesting that it may take longer for smaller males to assert themselves. Our results provide insights into some potential consequences of increase in fishing pressure and loss of habitat complexity in Caribbean reefs for the social behaviour and population dynamics of these lobsters.

scholarly journals Social behaviour and vocalizations of the tent-roosting Honduran White Bat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahana Aurora Fernandez ◽  
Christian Schmidt ◽  
Stefanie Schmidt ◽  
Bernal Rodríguez-Herrera ◽  
Mirjam Knörnschild
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Group Stability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interesting Candidate ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Contact Calls

Bats are highly gregarious animals, displaying a large spectrum of social systems with different organizational structures. One important factor shaping sociality is group stability. To maintain group cohesion and stability, bats often rely on social vocal communication. The Honduran white bat, Ectophylla alba exhibits an unusual social structure compared to other tent-roosting species. This small white-furred bat lives in perennial stable mixed-sex groups. Tent construction requires several individuals and, as the only tent roosting species so far, involves both sexes. The bats´ social system and ecology render this species an interesting candidate to study social behaviour and social vocal communication. In our study, we investigated the social behaviour and vocalizations of E. alba in the tent by observing two stable groups, including pups, in the wild. We documented 16 different behaviours, among others, play and fur chewing, a behaviour presumably used for scent-marking. Moreover, we found 10 distinct social call types in addition to echolocation calls, and, for seven call types, we were able to identify the corresponding behavioural context. Most of the social call types were affiliative, including two types of contact calls, maternal directives, pup isolation calls and a call type related to the fur-chewing behaviour. In sum, this study entails an ethogram and describes the first vocal repertoire of a tent-roosting phyllostomid bat, providing the basis for further in-depth studies about the sociality and vocal communication in E. alba .

scholarly journals Social behaviour and vocalizations of the tent-roosting Honduran white bat

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0248452
Author(s):  
Ahana Aurora Fernandez ◽  
Christian Schmidt ◽  
Stefanie Schmidt ◽  
Bernal Rodríguez-Herrera ◽  
Mirjam Knörnschild
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Scent Marking ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Group Stability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interesting Candidate ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Contact Calls

Bats are highly gregarious animals, displaying a large spectrum of social systems with different organizational structures. One important factor shaping sociality is group stability. To maintain group cohesion and stability, bats often rely on vocal communication. The Honduran white bat, Ectophylla alba, exhibits an unusual social structure compared to other tent-roosting species. This small white-furred bat lives in perennial stable mixed-sex groups. Tent construction requires several individuals and, as the only tent roosting species so far, involves both sexes. The bats´ social system and ecology render this species an interesting candidate to study social behaviour and vocal communication. In our study, we investigated the social behaviour and vocalizations of E. alba in the tent by observing two stable groups, including pups, in the wild. We documented 16 different behaviours, among others play and fur chewing, a behaviour presumably used for scent-marking. Moreover, we found 10 distinct social call types in addition to echolocation calls, and for seven call types we were able to identify the corresponding broad behavioural context. Most of the social call types were affiliative, including two types of contact calls, maternal directive calls, pup isolation calls and a call type related to the fur-chewing behaviour. In sum, this study entails an ethogram and describes the social vocalizations of a tent-roosting phyllostomid bat, providing the basis for further in-depth studies about the sociality and vocal communication in E. alba.

scholarly journals How does agonistic behaviour differ in albino and pigmented fish?

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Slavík ◽  
Pavel Horký ◽  
Marie Wackermannová
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Cave Fish ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shoaling Behaviour ◽  
Species Specific

In addition to hypopigmentation of the skin and red iris colouration, albino animals also display distinct physiological and behavioural alterations. However, information on the social interactions of albino animals is rare and has mostly been limited to specially bred strains of albino rodents and animals from unique environments in caves. Differentiating between the effects of albinism and domestication on behaviour in rodents can be difficult, and social behaviour in cave fish changes according to species-specific adaptations to conditions of permanent darkness. The agonistic behaviours of albino offspring of pigmented parents have yet to be described. In this study, we observed agonistic behaviour in albino and pigmented juvenileSilurus glaniscatfish. We found that the total number of aggressive interactions was lower in albinos than in pigmented catfish. The distance between conspecifics was also analysed, and albinos showed a tendency towards greater separation from their same-coloured conspecifics compared with pigmented catfish. These results demonstrate that albinism can be associated with lower aggressiveness and with reduced shoaling behaviour preference, as demonstrated by a tendency towards greater separation of albinos from conspecifics.

Social ethology of the wolverine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Copeland ◽  
Arild Landa ◽  
Kimberly Heinemeyer ◽  
Keith B. Aubry ◽  
Jiska van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social System ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ecological Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Living Species

Social behaviour in solitary carnivores has long been an active area of investigation but for many species remains largely founded in conjecture compared to our understanding of sociality in group-living species. The social organization of the wolverine has, until now, received little attention beyond its portrayal as a typical mustelid social system. In this chapter the authors compile observations of social interactions from multiple wolverine field studies, which are integrated into an ecological framework. An ethological model for the wolverine is proposed that reveals an intricate social organization, which is driven by variable resource availability within extremely large territories and supports social behaviour that underpins offspring development.

Social Evolution, Hamilton’s Rule, and Inclusive Fitness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Okasha
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Hamilton’S Rule ◽  
Inclusive Fitness Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Encounters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hamilton's Rule

Inclusive fitness theory, originally due to W. D. Hamilton, is a popular approach to the study of social evolution, but shrouded in controversy. The theory contains two distinct aspects: Hamilton’s rule (rB > C); and the idea that individuals will behave as if trying to maximize their inclusive fitness in social encounters. These two aspects of the theory are logically separable but often run together. A generalized version of Hamilton’s rule can be formulated that is always true, though whether it is causally meaningful is debatable. However, the individual maximization claim only holds true if the payoffs from the social encounter are additive. The notion that inclusive fitness is the ‘goal’ of individuals’ social behaviour is less robust than some of its advocates acknowledge.

scholarly journals Friends’ influence on the development of academic values in mathematics: are there differences between female and male dyads?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Reindl ◽  
Burkhard Gniewosz ◽  
Markus Dresel
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Cognitive Theory ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Academic Values ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
The Social ◽  
Other Regarding

Abstract Based on the social cognitive theory and the emotional contagion theory, this study investigated if friends influence (reinforce or change) the development of academic values (intrinsic value, emotional cost) and if this process differs across same-sex friendship dyads. We drew on data collected in a two-wave longitudinal study in Germany. The final sample was based on 264 stable reciprocated friendship dyads of grades 5 and 7 (148 female dyads and 116 male dyads). Results of actor-partner-interdependence models indicated that friends reinforce each other regarding the intrinsic value and initiate change regarding the emotional cost. Moreover, female and male friendship dyads did not differ in the strength of influence on academic values. Results were discussed in terms of selection and socialization effects regarding friendships.

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