scholarly journals Physiological, nutritional, and molecular responses of Brazilian sugarcane cultivars under stress by aluminum

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11461
Author(s):  
Mariane de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Sâmara Vieira Rocha ◽  
Vanessa Karine Schneider ◽  
Flavio Henrique-Silva ◽  
Marcio Roberto Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Al Content

Background Sugarcane is a crop of global importance and has been expanding to areas with soils containing high levels of exchangeable aluminum (Al), which is a limiting factor for crop development in acidic soils. The study of the sugarcane physiological and nutritional behavior together with patterns of gene expression in response to Al stress may provide a basis for effective strategies to increase crop productivity in acidic soils. Methods Sugarcane cultivars were evaluated for physiological parameters (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration), nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and Al contents in leaves and roots and gene expression, of the genes MDH, SDH by qPCR, both related to the production of organic acids, and SOD, related to oxidative stress. Results Brazilian sugarcane RB867515, RB928064, and RB935744 cultivars exhibited very different responses to induced stress by Al. Exposure to Al caused up-regulation (SOD and MDH) or down-regulation (SDH, MDH, and SOD), depending on the cultivar, Al level, and plant tissue. The RB867515 cultivar was the most Al-tolerant, showing no decline of nutrient content in plant tissue, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance after exposure to Al; it exhibited the highest Al content in the roots, and showed important MDH and SOD gene expression in the roots. RB928064 only showed low expression of SOD in roots and leaves, while RB935744 showed important expression of the SOD gene only in the leaves. Sugarcane cultivars were classified in the following descending Al-tolerance order: RB867515 > RB928064 = RB935744. These results may contribute to the obtention of Al-tolerant cultivars that can play their genetic potential in soils of low fertility and with low demand for agricultural inputs; the selection of potential plants for breeding programs; the elucidation of Al detoxification mechanisms employed by sugarcane cultivars.

scholarly journals Photoperiod shapes aluminium tolerance in plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Antonio Siqueira ◽  
Thiago Wakin ◽  
Willian Batista-Silva ◽  
José Cleydson F. Silva ◽  
Matheus H. Vicente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Checkpoint Activation ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Soil Distribution ◽  
Genetic Conversion

AbstractAluminium is a limiting factor for crop productivity in acidic soils (pH ≤ 5.5). Since acid soil distribution on Earth cannot adequately explain the differential Al tolerance across the plant kingdom, we investigated photoperiod effects on plant Al tolerance. We observed that with increasing distance from the equator, Al tolerance disappears, suggesting a relationship with the photoperiod. Long-day (LD) species are generally more Al-sensitive than short-day (SD) species, whereas genetic conversion of tomato for SD growth boosts Al tolerance. Reduced Al tolerance correlates with DNA-checkpoint activation under LD. DNA-checkpoint-related genes are under positive selection in Arabidopsis accessions from regions with shorter days, suggesting photoperiod acts as a selective barrier for Al tolerance. Our findings revealed that diel regulation and genetic diversity affect Al tolerance, suggesting that day-length orchestrates Al tolerance.One-Sentence SummaryAluminum is a major constraint for crop yield worldwide. We reveal that photoperiod acts as a barrier for Al tolerance in plants.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kandungan Nitrat Dan Fosfat Dalam Substrat Terhadap Kerapatan Lamun Di Perairan Pantai Prawean, Jepara

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Achmad Yusuf Subiakto ◽  
Gunawan Widi Santosa ◽  
Suryono Suryono ◽  
Ita Riniatsih
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Density Condition ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Depth Water ◽  
Seagrass Density ◽  
Descriptive Method

Senyawa nitrat dan fosfat merupakan nutrien yang dapat dijadikan sebagai petunjuk kesuburan perairan dan dibutuhkan baik pertumbuhan dan perkembangan lamun. Nutrien di perairan padang lamun berperan sebagai faktor pembatas pertumbuhan. Penyerapan nutrien oleh lamun dilakukan oleh daun dan akar. Besarnya kandungan nutrien dalam sedimen bukan berarti akan selalu dalam konsentrasi yang sama pada karakteristik  sedimen dasar dan kedalaman perairan. Bila terjadi perbedaan maka hal ini bisa mempengaruhi terjadinya perbedaan kondisi kepadatan dan sebaran pada setiap jenis lamun yang tumbuh dalam perairan, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang hubungan kandungan Nitrat dan fosfat dalam substrat terhadap kerapatan lamun di perairan pantai Prawean, Jepara. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018- Januari 2019. Metode penentuan lokasi pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah sampel sedimen, parameter perairan, dan kerapatan lamun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan Nilai kandungan Nitrat di substrat Perairan Pantai Prawean Jepara berkisar antara 1,27–1,36 mg/L tergolong pada kategori kesuburan rendah. Nilai kandungan Fosfat pada sedimen yaitu 0,049–0,086 mg/L tergolong pada kategori rendah hingga tinggi. Tingkat kerapatan padang lamun berada pada kondisi kerapatan sangat  rapat (> 175 tegakan/m2).  Nitrate and phosphate compounds are nutrients that could be used as an indicator of aquatic fertility and needed by for growth and development of seagrass. Nutrients in seagrass waters serve as a limiting factor for growth. Nutrient absorption by seagrass were done by leaves and roots. The amount of nutrient content in sediment does not mean would be always same at the concentration on the basic sediment characteristics and depth water level. If there is a difference, it will cause an affect the different conditions of density and distribution in each type of seagrass which grows in the waters, therefore it is necessary to do research about relation of nutrient in the substrate to seagrass density in Prawean Beach, Jepara. This research was conducted in December 2018 - January 2019. The method used in this study was descriptive method. The material used in the study were sediment samples, water parameters, and seagrass density. Based on the results , it was found that the value of nitrate in substrate in the waters of Prawean Jepara Beach ranged from 1.27 - 1.36 mg. L-1 belonging to the low fertility category. The value of Phosphate content in substrate was 0.049 - 0.086 mg. L-1 belonging to the low until high category. The density level of seagrass at the tight density condition very tight >175 stands. m-2.

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in relation to crop productivity in an acid Inceptisols

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Debasis Purohit ◽  
Mitali Mandal ◽  
Avisek Dash ◽  
Kumbha Karna Rout ◽  
Narayan Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Impact

An effective approach for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity simultaneously through exploitation of biological potential for efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crops is very much needed in this current era. Thus, an attempt is made here to investigate the impact of long term fertilization in the soil ecology in rice-rice cropping system in post kharif - 2015 in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an acidic sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with quadruplicated treatments. Soil samples at different growth stages of rice were collected from long term fertilizer experiment.The studied long-term manured treatments included 100 % N, 100% NP, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK and 100 % NPK+FYM (5 t ha-1) and an unmanured control. Soil fertility status like SOC content and other available nutrient content has decreased continuously towards the crop growth period. Comparing the results of different treatments, it was found that the application of 100% NPK + FYM exhibited highest nutrient content in soils. With regards to microbial properties it was also observed that the amount of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) showed highest accumulation in 100 % NPK + FYM at maximum tillering stage of the rice. The results further reveal that dehydrogenase activity was maximum at panicle initiation stage and thereafter it decreases. Soil organic carbon content, MBC, MBN and dehydrogenase activity were significantly correlated with each other. Significant correlations were observed between rice yield and MBC at maturity stage( R2 = 0.94**) and panicle initiation stage( R2 = 0.92**) and available nitrogen content at maturity stage( R2 = 0.91**).

Lake Paranoá, Brasília, Brazil: Integrated Management Plan for its Restoration

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Paulino Mattos ◽  
Irene Guimarães Altafin ◽  
Hélio José de Freitas ◽  
Cristine Gobbato Brandão Cavalcanti ◽  
Vera Regina Estuqui Alves
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration

Abstract Built in 1959, Lake Paranoá, in Brasilia, Brazil, has been undergoing an accelerated process of nutrient enrichment, due to inputs of inadequately treated raw sewage, generated by a population of 600,000 inhabitants. Consequently, it shows high nutrient content (40 µg/L of total phosphorus and 1800 µg/L of total nitrogen), low transparency (0.65 m) and high levels of chlorophyll a (65 µg/L), represented mainly by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and sporadic bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa, which is being combatted with copper sulphate. With the absence of seasonality and a vertical distribution which is not very evident, the horizontal pattern assumes great importance in this reservoir, in which five compartments stand out. Based on this segmentation and on the identification of the total phosphorus parameter as the limiting factor for algal growth, mathematical models were developed which demonstrate the need for advanced treatment of all the sewage produced in its drainage basin. With this, it is expected that a process of restoration will be initiated, with a decline in total phosphorus concentration to readings below 25 µg/L. Additional measures are proposed to accelerate this process.

scholarly journals PREDICTING THE VARIABILITY OF COPPER AND ZINC IN LEAF AND SOIL OF OIL PALM PLANTED ON A 12 HA LAND USING GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shuhada Tajudin ◽  
Mohamed Hanafi Musa ◽  
Idris Abu Seman ◽  
Sivakumar Balasundram
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Geospatial Information

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) is an important economic tree crops in the tropic. However, more than 95 % of oil palms grown in Southeast Asia are on acid, low fertility and highly weathered soils. Optimum value of micronutrients in the soil was required to enhance the efficiency of use of macro-nutrients. Hence, to observe and predict the fertility status of the oil palm plantation area, a 12 hectare study site was used and a total of 60 geo-referenced soil and leaf samples were collected for determinations of pH and selected micronutrients of Cu and Zn content. The data were explored and mapped using geostatistic and Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area had acidic type of soil with pH ranged from 3.25-5.85. The analysis showed that almost 78% of the study area had high content of Cu in soil, while another 22% of area was low to moderate in Cu. However, Cu content in leaf were categorized as insufficient as 100% of the area was observed to have Cu less than 3 ppm. About 80% of the study area showed a low to moderate content of Zn in soil, while another 20% of area showed a high content of Zn. Zinc content in leaf ranged from optimum to high categories. However, this value did not reach the excess level of Zn (50 ppm). These results suggest that, this plantation area need a site specific management approach in order to increase its crop productivity in regards to nutrient management. As a preliminary recommendation, a zone management practice would be applied in future as it is beneficial in term of protecting the environment from excessive fertilizer.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of beet plants irrigated with saline water and silicon application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. E3113
Author(s):  
José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Mario Leno Martins Véras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Although not considered an essential element, silicon can be used to increase crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the gas exchange of beet plants irrigated with saline water depending on the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): (0.5; 1.3; 3.25; 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon (0.00; 2.64; 9.08; 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), with six beet plants as an experimental unit. The effect of treatments on beet culture was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after irrigation with saline water from measurements of internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency using the LCpro+Sistem infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Irrigation with saline water reduced the gas exchange of beet plants at 60 days after irrigation, but at 30 days after irrigation, the use of saline water increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration. The application of silicon decreased stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and efficiency in the use of water, but increased the rate of net photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation at 30 and 60 days after irrigation.

The effect of low-intensity prescribed burns in two seasons on litterfall biomass and nutrient content

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Espinosa ◽  
J. Madrigal ◽  
V. Pando ◽  
A. C. de la Cruz ◽  
M. Guijarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Mixed Stand ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Low Intensity

Litterfall production and composition, fall pattern and nutrient content were studied in a mixed stand of Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster (El Pozuelo), as well as in a pure stand of Pinus nigra (Beteta) in the Cuenca Mountains in order to determine the effect of two-season prescribed burning treatments. Needles were the most abundant fraction. Pinecone fraction decreased after burning in the mixed stand and the opposite occurred in the pure stand. The inflorescence fraction showed a decrease in the spring-burned plots at El Pozuelo and Beteta. Bark, branch and miscellaneous fractions were affected mainly by meteorological events. Low-intensity prescribed burning was not found to cause significant perturbations. The perturbation was mitigated over the years. An immediate effect of prescribed burning in spring was seen at El Pozuelo and Beteta, although it was more significant for the pure stand. The effect of prescribed burning in autumn at Beteta had a delayed response. As regards nutrient contents, no differences in carbon concentrations were detected. Overall, an increasing trend in N, P, K concentrations in needles after the burning treatment was found. Calcium was not a limiting factor. Magnesium content exhibited no clear trend.

scholarly journals Pearl millet genomic vulnerability to climate change in West Africa highlights the need for regional collaboration

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Rhoné ◽  
Dimitri Defrance ◽  
Cécile Berthouly-Salazar ◽  
Cédric Mariac ◽  
Philippe Cubry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Regional Collaboration

Abstract Climate change is already affecting agro-ecosystems and threatening food security by reducing crop productivity and increasing harvest uncertainty. Mobilizing crop diversity could be an efficient way to mitigate its impact. We test this hypothesis in pearl millet, a nutritious staple cereal cultivated in arid and low-fertility soils in sub-Saharan Africa. We analyze the genomic diversity of 173 landraces collected in West Africa together with an extensive climate dataset composed of metrics of agronomic importance. Mapping the pearl millet genomic vulnerability at the 2050 horizon based on the current genomic-climate relationships, we identify the northern edge of the current areas of cultivation of both early and late flowering varieties as being the most vulnerable to climate change. We predict that the most vulnerable areas will benefit from using landraces that already grow in equivalent climate conditions today. However, such seed-exchange scenarios will require long distance and trans-frontier assisted migrations. Leveraging genetic diversity as a climate mitigation strategy in West Africa will thus require regional collaboration.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses to the Foliar Application of Synthetic Resistance Elicitors in Cape Gooseberry Seedlings Infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Cristhian C. Chávez-Arias ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most limiting disease that affects cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) crops in Colombia. The use of synthetic elicitors for vascular wilt management is still scarce in Andean fruit species. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect and number of foliar applications of synthetic elicitors such as jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BR), or a commercial resistance elicitor based on botanical extracts (BE) on disease progress and their effect on the physiology of cape gooseberry plants inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. physali. Groups of ten plants were separately sprayed once, twice, or three times with a foliar synthetic elicitor, respectively. Elicitor applications were performed at the following concentrations: JA (10 mL L−1), SA (100 mg L−1), BR (1 mL L−1) and BE (2.5 mL of commercial product (Loker®) L−1). The results showed that three foliar BR, SA, or BE applications reduced the area under the disease progress, severity index, and vascular browning in comparison to inoculated plants without any elicitor spray. Three BR, SA, or BE sprays also favored stomatal conductance, water potential, growth (total dry weight and leaf area) and fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll compared with inoculated and untreated plants with no elicitor sprays. Three foliar sprays of SA, BR, or BE enhanced photosynthetic pigments (leaf total chlorophyll and carotenoid content) and proline synthesis and decreased oxidative stress in Foph-inoculated plants. In addition, the effectiveness of three foliar BR, SA, or BE sprays was corroborated by three-dimensional plot and biplot analysis, in which it can evidence that stomatal conductance, proline synthesis, and efficacy percentage were accurate parameters to predict Foph management. On the hand, JA showed the lowest level of amelioration of the negative effects of Foph inoculation. In conclusion, the use of the synthetic elicitors BR, SA, or BE can be considered as a tool complementary for the commercial management of vascular wilt in areas where this disease is a limiting factor.

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