scholarly journals Physiological Responses to the Foliar Application of Synthetic Resistance Elicitors in Cape Gooseberry Seedlings Infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Cristhian C. Chávez-Arias ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Disease Progress ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most limiting disease that affects cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) crops in Colombia. The use of synthetic elicitors for vascular wilt management is still scarce in Andean fruit species. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect and number of foliar applications of synthetic elicitors such as jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinosteroids (BR), or a commercial resistance elicitor based on botanical extracts (BE) on disease progress and their effect on the physiology of cape gooseberry plants inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. physali. Groups of ten plants were separately sprayed once, twice, or three times with a foliar synthetic elicitor, respectively. Elicitor applications were performed at the following concentrations: JA (10 mL L−1), SA (100 mg L−1), BR (1 mL L−1) and BE (2.5 mL of commercial product (Loker®) L−1). The results showed that three foliar BR, SA, or BE applications reduced the area under the disease progress, severity index, and vascular browning in comparison to inoculated plants without any elicitor spray. Three BR, SA, or BE sprays also favored stomatal conductance, water potential, growth (total dry weight and leaf area) and fluorescence parameters of chlorophyll compared with inoculated and untreated plants with no elicitor sprays. Three foliar sprays of SA, BR, or BE enhanced photosynthetic pigments (leaf total chlorophyll and carotenoid content) and proline synthesis and decreased oxidative stress in Foph-inoculated plants. In addition, the effectiveness of three foliar BR, SA, or BE sprays was corroborated by three-dimensional plot and biplot analysis, in which it can evidence that stomatal conductance, proline synthesis, and efficacy percentage were accurate parameters to predict Foph management. On the hand, JA showed the lowest level of amelioration of the negative effects of Foph inoculation. In conclusion, the use of the synthetic elicitors BR, SA, or BE can be considered as a tool complementary for the commercial management of vascular wilt in areas where this disease is a limiting factor.

scholarly journals Physiological Response of Cape Gooseberry Plants to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali, Fusaric Acid, and Water Deficit in a Hydrophonic System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Mendoza-Vargas ◽  
Wendy Paola Villamarín-Romero ◽  
Anderson Steven Cotrino-Tierradentro ◽  
Joaquín Guillermo Ramírez-Gil ◽  
Cristhian Camilo Chávez-Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency Of Psii ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Cape gooseberry production has been limited by vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali (Foph). Fusaric acid (FA) is a mycotoxin produced by many Fusarium species such as F. oxysporum formae speciales. The effects of the interaction between this mycotoxin and plants (such as cape gooseberry) under biotic stress (water deficit, WD) have been little explored. Three experiments were carried out. The objectives of this study were to evaluate (i) different Foph inoculum densities (1 × 104 and 1 × 106 conidia ml−1; experiment (1); (ii) the effect of times of exposure (0, 6, 9, and 12 h) and FA concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg L−1; experiment (2), and (iii) the interaction between Foph (1 × 104 conidia mL−1) or FA (25 mg L−1 × 9 h), and WD conditions (experiment 3) on the physiological (plant growth, leaf stomatal conductance (gs), and photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm ratio) and biochemical [malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline] responses of cape gooseberry seedling ecotype Colombia. The first experiment showed that Foph inoculum density of 1 × 106 conidia ml−1 caused the highest incidence of the disease (100%). In the second experiment, gs (~40.6 mmol m−2 s−1) and Fv/Fm ratio (~0.59) decreased, whereas MDA (~9.8 μmol g−1 FW) increased in plants with exposure times of 9 and 12 h and an FA concentration of 100 mg L−1 compared with plants without FA exposure or concentrations (169.8 mmol m−2 s−1, 0.8, and 7.2 μmol g−1 FW for gs, Fv/Fm ratio and MDA, respectively). In the last experiment, the interaction between Foph or FA and WD promoted a higher area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) (Foph × WD = 44.5 and FA × WD = 37) and lower gs (Foph × WD = 6.2 mmol m−2 s−1 and FA × WD = 9.5 mmol m−2 s−1) compared with plants without any interaction. This research could be considered as a new approach for the rapid scanning of responses to the effects of FA, Foph, and WD stress not only on cape gooseberry plants but also on other species from the Solanaceae family.

scholarly journals Physiological Response of Cape Gooseberry Seedlings to Two Organic Additives and Their Mixture under Inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Chaves-Gómez ◽  
Alba Marina Cotes-Prado ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali is the most limiting disease in cape gooseberry crops. The use of natural products such as organic additives is a promising alternative for management of this disease. The present study sought to evaluate the physiological response of cape gooseberry plants infected with this pathogen and treated with the organic additives chitosan, burned rice husks, or their mixture. The test was conducted under greenhouse conditions and soil was inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. physali strain Map5. Chitosan was applied to seeds and seedlings at the time of transplantation, whereas burned rice husk was incorporated into the soil in a 1:3 ratio. Plants inoculated and not inoculated with the pathogen were used as controls. The following variables were evaluated: area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), leaf water potential, stomatal conductance (gS), leaf area (LA), dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic pigment contents, proline synthesis, and lipid peroxidation estimation [malondialdehyde (MDA)]. The results showed that cape gooseberry plants with vascular wilt and treated with chitosan had higher gS, leaf water potential, LA, dry matter accumulation, and proline content values. In addition, the levels of vascular wilt severity decreased in comparison with pathogen-inoculated controls. The results suggest that chitosan applications on cape gooseberry plants may be considered as an alternative in the integrated management of the disease in producing areas, because they can mitigate the negative effect of the pathogen on plant physiology.

scholarly journals Reaction of the native Greek tomato varieties ‘Chondrokatsari Messinias’ and ‘Katsari Santorinis’ to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Rhizoctonia solani infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
A.I. Darras ◽  
A. Kotsiras ◽  
C. Delis ◽  
K. Nifakos ◽  
E. Pavlakos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Biotic Stresses

SummaryPlants have to cope with a number of biotic stresses among which, infectious diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the reaction of two native Greek tomato vars, ‘Chondrokatsari Messinias’ and ‘Katsari Santorinis’, to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Rhizoctonia solani. Disease symptoms, disease incidence and severity were recorded and the effects of infection on the number of flowers, the biomass production (fresh and dry weight), CO2assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration were also evaluated. Both tomato varieties were susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and R. solani infection. However, ‘Chondrokatsari Messinias’ was found to be less susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici compared to ‘Katsari Santorinis’. Both pathogens negatively affected biomass production of var. ‘Chondrokatsari Messinias’ but not that of ‘Katsari Santorinis’. The number of fl owers produced by ‘Chondrokatsari Messinias’ was negatively affected by R. solani but not by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Infection of both varieties by R. solani also caused reduction in the CO2assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration.

scholarly journals Mitigation of the Impact of Vascular Wilt and Soil Hypoxia on Cape Gooseberry Plants by Foliar Application of Synthetic Elicitors

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristhian Camilo Chávez-Arias ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Physalis peruviana L. crops are exposed to different stress conditions that limit their productivity. Within these conditions, abiotic stress caused by water and biotic stress by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali (Foph) are frequent at commercial levels. The foliar application of synthetic elicitors can be a tool to mitigate the negative impacts of these stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Foph inoculation and three foliar applications of brassinosteroids (BR), salicylic acid (SA), and a commercial elicitor based on botanical extracts (BE) of Echinacea purpurea, Potentilla erecta, and Aloe vera on the physiological [stomatal conductance (gS), leaf water potential (Ψwf), chlorophyll fluorescence, and growth] and biochemical [photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and proline content] responses of cape gooseberry plants subjected to a 6-day waterlogging period. The established treatments were as follows: 1) waterlogged plants without Foph; 2) waterlogged plants with Foph; 3) waterlogged, noninoculated (Foph−) plants treated foliarly with BR, SA, or BE; and 4) waterlogged, inoculated (Foph+) plants treated foliarly with BR, SA, or BE. The results showed that the foliar application of BR or SA reduced vascular wilt development in plants subjected to a hypoxia period. In addition, three applications of BR, SA, or BE favored gS, Ψwf, growth, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in cape gooseberry plants under the interaction between Foph and oxygen deficit in the soil. Also, higher photosynthetic pigment and proline contents were observed in plants treated with elicitors under stress combination, whereas a lower MDA production was evidenced in this group of plants. In conclusion, BR, SA, or BE can help mitigate the negative effects of the simultaneous occurrence of Foph and a waterlogging condition for 6 days in cape gooseberry plants.

scholarly journals Effect of NaCl on the development of the oil palm vascular wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-21
Author(s):  
Jacques S. B. Dossa ◽  
Michaël Pernaci ◽  
Euloge C. Togbé ◽  
Euloge K. Agbossou ◽  
Bonaventure C. Ahohuendo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Sporulation Rate

Oil palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecaceae) is one of the cash crops that mainly contributes to the gross domestic production of growing countries. This crop is grown worldwide throughout the humid intertropical belt. Its production in Africa is mainly threatened by the telluric fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis, causal agent of the oil palm vascular wilt. It has been reported that some environmental factors, such as soil and air salinity, may determine the survival, development and severity of phytopathogenic agents including Fusarium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaCl on growth, reproduction and pathogenic traits of this fungus by measuring mycelium daily growth, mycelium dry weight, sporulation rate, germination rate and number of infectious spores under four NaCl concentrations (0 g.L-1, 2.5 g.L-1, 5 g.L-1 ,10 g.L-1) of culture medium (MM solid medium and Armstrong liquid medium). The results indicated that NaCl reduced the radial daily growth and mycelium dry weight. In addition, the NaCl reduced significantly the sporulation rate and number of infectious spores while increasing the germination rate. Overall, these results indicated the negative NaCl effect on the development and the fitness of this pathogenic fungus. Thus, NaCl inputs appeared to be a potential solution for managing Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis in the field, if a good balance between a decrease of disease incidence and yield loss is reached.

scholarly journals Gnotobiotic system for selecting microorganisms with biocontrol potential against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Garcia ◽  
Lizeth Lorena Dávila ◽  
Adriana González ◽  
Alejandro Caro ◽  
Alba Marina Cotes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Solanaceae Species ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

The cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) is a Solanaceae species with enormous economic importance in Colombia; it is the second most exported fruit, after bananas. Vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali (Fox) is the most limiting factor of this crop, with losses of up to 80% of production. Biological control is a promising alternative for controlling this pathogen. Bacteria and fungi, originally isolated from potentially suppressive soils of cape gooseberry crops in Nariño, Colombia with different management (organic and conventional), were evaluated as biocontrol agents of Fox using a gnotobiotic model (seedlings cultured under axenic conditions with defined microbial strains). Of the 64 isolated microorganisms, 37.5% (15 bacteria and 9 fungi) were discarded because of toxicological risks and an unknow potential biological control. The remaining 62.5% of the microorganisms, 14 bacteria and 26 fungi, were evaluated to assess their potential as biological control agents against Fox. The gnotobiotic model system evaluated the protection and plant growth promotion characteristics. Response variables were used to group the microorganism using a principal component analysis (PCA), and five clusters were obtained. Cluster number four concentrated the 10 microorganisms (three bacteria and seven fungi) with the highest protection values against Fox, with a positive effect on growth. The isolates were identified as two Bacillus subtilis strains, Rhodococcus sp., Podospora setosa, Debaryomyces vindobonensis, Plectosphaerella plurivora, Acinetobacter rhizosphaerae, Umbelopsis sp. and two strains of Trichoderma koningiopsis. The gnobiotic system offered clear advantages for evaluating and selecting microorganisms with a biological control potential against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physalis.

scholarly journals Hyperspectral response of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) plants inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali for vascular wilt detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Cristhian Giraldo-Betancourt ◽  
Edisson Andrés Velandia-Sánchez ◽  
Gerhard Fischer ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽  
Luís Joel Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Red Edge ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Simple Ratio ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

This study used greenhouse conditions to determine the hyperspectral responses of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) plants inoculated with different Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali densities because the causal agent of vascular wilt generates great economic losses for farmers. A completely randomized design with four replicates was established. The evaluated treatments were inoculum densities 0.0, 1.0·103 and 1.0·106 conidia/mL of the pathogen. The inoculation was done with immersion of roots in conidia suspensions. The spectral response was directly measured on the plant leaves with a spectroradiometer. Non-invasive detection in the P. peruviana - F. oxysporum pathosystem with reflectance values was used with different spectral indices related to the visible and Red Edge, which were calculated and correlated with the disease variables. The treatments showed significant differences in the visible spectrum starting 14 days after inoculation with higher reflectance values. The chlorophyll index at the red edge (ChRE), the modified chlorophyll absorption index (MCARI), the simple ratio index (SR) and the Zarco & Miller index (ZM) showed highly significant correlations with the area under the disease progress curve for leaves (AUDPCL), leaf area and fresh weight of the aerial part of the plants. This study showed the potential of spectral patterns for the detection and study of Fusarium wilt in P. peruviana.

scholarly journals Physiological Response of Cape Gooseberry Seedlings to Three Biological Control Agents Under Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-397
Author(s):  
José Luis Chaves-Gómez ◽  
Cristian Camilo Chavez-Arias ◽  
Alba Marina Cotes Prado ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) fruit has gained recognition owing to its nutritional value and versatility to be consumed processed or as a fresh product. These characteristics have made it an important product in both national and international markets. One of the main limitations for this crop is Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physalis, for which biological control is emerging as an alternative to conventional management with chemical synthesis products. However, information on the effect that biological control agents have on the growth and development of plants is scarce. In this research, the physiological response of cape gooseberry plants (stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, growth parameters, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and proline and malondialdehyde contents) to the treatment with three potential biocontrol agents (BCAs) Trichoderma koningiopsis, Trichoderma virens, and Bacillus velezensis was determined. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions; F. oxysporum was inoculated in the soil, and BCAs were soil drenched in the germination and transplanting stages. Plants inoculated with the pathogen and plants without inoculation were used as controls. It was found that the plants inoculated and treated with T. virens showed the lowest disease levels (area under the disease progress curve of 48.5 and disease severity index of 2.1). Additionally, they showed a lower water potential (−0.317 Mpa), a greater leaf area (694.7 cm2), and a higher stomatal conductance (110.3 mmol m−2 s−1) compared with the control. Consequently, it can be concluded that T. virens can be a good candidate for the management of Fusarium wilt in the cape gooseberry crop.

The yield of perennial grass stands on drained organic soils of Steppe

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
I.T. Slusar ◽  
V.A. Serbenyuk ◽  
A.N. Gera ◽  
A.P. Solyanik ◽  
A.A. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Cobalt Sulfate ◽  
The Impact

Research on the impact of the introduction of micro fertilizers and growth promoters on a background of mineral fertilizer and without N90R45К120 spent on old peat in shallow carbonate floodplain r.Supiy, Yahotyn Kyiv region. Power peat horizon about 60-70 cm, 7,4-7,6 pH of the aqueous extract, stupas schedule 56-60%, density 0,49-0,52 assembly soil, total nitrogen content (%) - 1.9; gross forms of phosphorus - 0,4, potassium 0.2, 20% lime. In experiments studying biological rehoplant, radustym, Biolan, emistim, Jets, humisol, plantafol, radyfarm and micronutrients: copper, boric acid, manganese sulphate, zinc sulphate, potassium humates. Treatment drugs conducted in the spring by spraying mixtures. Space research area of 60 m2, three-time repetition. It is established that the use of growth stimulants and micronutrients in the background N90R45К120 provided the highest yield mixtures of years, against making BIOLan - 9.9 t / ha Radyfarmu - 9.6 t / ha Radostymu 9.3 t / ha dry weight. In areas for making other preparations were intermediate yield growth rates - 0.5 - 2.0 t / ha dry weight. Also good gains herbage yields obtained by making all kinds of micronutrients and growth stimulants in the background without making makrodobryv which was within 5.3 - 6.9 t / ha to control without fertilization - 4.5 t / ha dry weight. In deep peat copper fertilizer (25 kg / ha of copper sulphate or 5 kg / ha pirytnoho cinders) in all zones should be making every 3-4 years, and zinc, cobalt and molybdenum advisable to make time for the growing season, spring, by foliar application in such numbers: ammonium molibdenovokyslyy - 0.3 kg / ha; cobalt sulfate - 3 kg / ha zinc sulphate 0.5 kg / ha or placers these salts should be mixed with major fertilizer.

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