scholarly journals Bosminopsis deitersi (Crustacea: Cladocera) as an ancient species group: a revision

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11310
Author(s):  
Petr G. Garibian ◽  
Dmitry P. Karabanov ◽  
Anna N. Neretina ◽  
Derek J. Taylor ◽  
Alexey A. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Freshwater Ecology ◽  
Genetic Approach ◽  
Species Problem ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Morphological Stasis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Group A

Water fleas (Crustacea: Cladocera) of the Family Bosminidae have been studied since the founding of paleolimnology and freshwater ecology. However, one species, Bosminopsis deitersi, stands out for its exceptional multicontinental range and broad ecological requirements. Here we use an integrated morphological and multilocus genetic approach to address the species problem in B. deitersi. We analyzed 32 populations of B. deitersi s. lat. Two nuclear and two mitochondrial loci were used to carry out the bGMYC, mPTP and STACEY algorithms for species delimitation. Detailed morphological study was also carried out across continents. The evidence indicated a widely distributed cryptic species in the Old World (Bosminopsis zernowi) that is genetically divergent from B. deitersi s.str. We revised the taxonomy and redescribed the species in this complex. Our sampling indicated that B. zernowi had weak genetic differentiation across its range. A molecular clock and biogeographic analysis with fossil calibrations suggested a Mesozoic origin for the Bosminopsis deitersi group. Our evidence rejects the single species hypothesis for B. deitersi and is consistent with an ancient species group (potentially Mesozoic) that shows marked morphological conservation. The family Bosminidae, then, has examples of both rapid morphological evolution (Holocene Bosmina), and morphological stasis (Bosminopsis).

scholarly journals One More “Living Fossil”: Mesozoic Lineage Differentiation, Morphological Stasis and Weak Phylogeographic Structure in Eurasia in the Bosminopsis Deitersi Group (Crustacea: Cladocera: Bosminidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr G. Garibian ◽  
Dmitry P. Karabanov ◽  
Anna N. Neretina ◽  
Derek J. Taylor ◽  
Alexey Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Species Problem ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Lineage Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Stasis ◽  
The Family

Abstract Background: Water fleas (Crustacea: Cladocera) of the Family Bosminidae have been studied since the founding of paleolimnology and freshwater ecology. However, one species, Bosminopsis deitersi, stands out for its exceptional multicontinental range and broad ecological requirements. Results: Here we use an integrated morphological and multilocus genetic approach to to address the species problem in B. deitersi. We analyzed 32 populations of B. deitersi s. lat. Two nuclear and two mitochondrial loci were used to carry out the bGMYC, mPTP and STACEY algorithms for species delimitation. Detailed morphological study was also carried out across continents. The evidence indicated a widely distributed cryptic species in the Old World (Bosminopsis zernowi) that is genetically divergent from B. deitersi s.str. We revised the taxonomy and redescribed the species in this complex. Our sampling indicated that B. zernowi had weak genetic differentiation across its range. A molecular clock and biogeographic analysis with fossil calibrations suggested a Mesozoic origin for the Bosminopsis deitersi group. Conclusions: Our evidence rejects the single species hypothesis for B. deitersi and is consistent with an ancient species group (potentially Mesozoic) that shows marked morphological conservation. The family Bosminidae, then, has examples of both rapid morphological evolution (Holocene Bosmina), and morphological stasis (Bosminopsis).

scholarly journals A revision of the minor species group in the millipede genus Nannaria Chamberlin, 1918 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1030 ◽  
pp. 1-180
Author(s):  
Jackson C. Means ◽  
Derek A. Hennen ◽  
Paul E. Marek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Aposematic Coloration ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Group A ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Genus One

Millipedes in the family Xystodesmidae (Polydesmida) are often referred to as “colorful, flat-backed millipedes” for their bright aposematic coloration and tendency to form Müllerian mimicry rings in the Appalachian region. However, there are many species of Xystodesmidae that do not display colorful warning patterns, and instead have more cryptic appearances. Perhaps for this reason, groups such as the genus Nannaria have remained understudied, despite containing a large number of undescribed species. Before his death in 2012, R. L. Hoffman worked on a revision of the genus Nannaria, and synthesized material and drawings since 1949. Here the work is continued, inferring a molecular phylogeny of the Nannariini (Nannaria + Oenomaea pulchella), and revealing two clades within the genus. One clade is named the minor species group, and the second is the wilsoni species group. This revision, using a molecular phylogenetic framework, is the basis for descriptions of 35 new species in the minor species group. A multi-gene molecular phylogeny is used to make taxonomic changes in the taxon. Eleven putative species of Nannaria are also illustrated and discussed. Additionally, detailed collection, natural history and habitat notes, distribution maps, and a key to species of the Nannaria minor species group are provided. These items are synthesized as a basis for a revision of the genus, which hopefully will aid conservation and evolutionary investigations of this cryptic and understudied group.

scholarly journals Annotated nomenclator of extant and fossil taxa of the Paludomidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea)

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 1-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco T. Neiber ◽  
Matthias Glaubrecht
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Family Group ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
New Name ◽  
The Family ◽  
Group A ◽  
Original Classification

This nomenclator provides bibliographic details on all names in the family-, genus-, and species-group of the the family Paludomidae. All nomenclaturally available names are discussed including junior homonyms and objective junior synonyms as well as unavailable names such as nomina nuda, infrasubspecific names and, to some extent, also incorrect subsequent spellings. In the family-group a total of 28 names are included in the nomenclator, of which 21 are available and seven unavailable names. Of the available names in the family-group, six are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. In the genus-group a total of 57 names are included in the catalogue. Of the available names in the genus-group, 11 are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. In the species-group a total of 499 names are included, of which 463 are available, but 21 are invalid for nomenclatural reasons. All names are given in their original combination and spelling (mandatory changes are discussed and corrected spellings are provided), along with the reference to the original publication. For each family- and genus-group name, the original classification and the type genus or type species, respectively, are given. For species-group taxa the type locality and type horizon (for fossil taxa) are provided, usually as given in the original publication. A new name,Cleopatraadaminom. nov., is proposed for the fossilCleopatracylindrica(Adam, 1957), which is a homonym ofCleopatracridlandicylindricaMandahl-Barth, 1954, and a lectotype forCleopatradubiaAdam, 1959 is designated. A new replacement nameLeloupiellanom. nov. is proposed forStormsiaLeloup, 1953 which is a homonym ofStormsiaBourguignat, 1891.

Taxonomy and distribution of the inornata species-group of the Papuan genus Idiocnemis Selys (Odonata:Zygoptera:Platycnemididae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Group A ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Scanning Electron

The inornata species-group, a presumed monophyletic assemblage of species of the Papuan damselfly genus Idiocnemis Selys, 1878, is revised with special regard to phylogenetically relevant morphological characters and the distribution of its species. Diagnoses of all nine previously described species are presented together with the description of two new species, I. adelbertensis, sp. nov. from northeast New Guinea and I. australis, sp. nov. from southern central New Guinea. Keys to males and females are provided. The male ligulae of all species were examined by using scanning electron microscopy. A diagnosis of the genus and a nomenclatural note on the family-group name Calicnemiinae Fraser, 1957 is included.

scholarly journals A revision of Atlantic Asteropus Sollas, 1888 (Demospongiae), including a description of three new species, and with a review of the family Coppatiidae Topsent, 1898

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Hajdu ◽  
Rob W.M. van Soest
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Group A ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Three New Species

Various records of A. simplex Carter, 1879 from the Atlantic are assigned to three new species of the sponge genus Asteropus Sollas, 1888, viz.: A. brasiliensis sp. n., A. vasiformis sp. n., and A. niger sp. n., whereas A. simplex s.s. is restricted to the Indo-Pacific. A worldwide study of Asteropus specimens resulted in the conclusion that two species groups exist, namely “simplex ”- like species (with true sanidasters), and “sarasinorum”- like species (with spiny microrhabds), as previously observed by Bergquist (1965, 1968). A newly discovered microsclere complement of trichodragmata in the first group strengthens the need for generic distinction of both lineages, and accordingly the name Melophlus Thiele, 1899 is reinstated for the “sarasinorum” species group. A key to the West Atlantic species of Asteropus is provided. The family allocation of Asteropus and associated genera in the Coppatiidae Topsent, 1898 is discussed, with the conclusion that the family is undoubtedly a polyphyletic assemblage related to various astrophorid groups (Hooper, 1986; Van Soest, 1991).

scholarly journals Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-927
Author(s):  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Yu Quan ◽  
Cécile Gueidan ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Martin Grube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi ◽  
Stable Habitat

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.

Study of the genus Meleonoma Meyrick, 1914 (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae) from China (III), with descriptions of eighteen new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4995 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-333
Author(s):  
SHUXIA WANG ◽  
XIAOJU ZHU ◽  
ZHULIN TAO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
First Time

Eighteen new species of the genus Meleonoma Meyrick are described: M. arcivalvata sp. nov., M. chongqingensis sp. nov., M. curvativa sp. nov., M. curvitaeniana sp. nov., M. dilatifasciata sp. nov., M. fasciptera sp. nov., M. globoidea sp. nov., M. graciliclavata sp. nov., M. grandivalvula sp. nov., M. lunata sp. nov., M. medispinea sp. nov., M. proapicalis sp. nov., M. raphidacantha sp. nov., M. sinuaclavata sp. nov., M. tenuiclavata sp. nov., M. tetrodonta sp. nov. M. ventridentata sp. nov. and M. ventrisinuata sp. nov. The female of M. similifloralis (Wang, 2006) is described for the first time. Images of both adults and genitalia are provided. All species are divided into two species-groups, the dentivalvata species-group and the fasciptera species-group. A key to each group and maps showing the distribution of each group in China are given.  

Two new species of stalked crinoids from the northeastern Pacific in the genera Gephyrocrinus and Ptilocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Hyocrinidae). Effects of ontogeny and variability on hyocrinid taxonomy

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2825 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHEL ROUX ◽  
PHILIP LAMBERT
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Exceptional Collection ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
Stalked Crinoids

Two new species of deep-sea stalked crinoids belonging to the family Hyocrinidae were collected in the northeastern Pacific. The descriptions contain detailed information on character variations and ontogeny. The five specimens of Gephyrocrinus messingi n. sp. lived at depths ranging from 1,777 m to 2,110 m off British Columbia and California. This new species is the first record of the genus Gephyrocrinus in the Pacific Ocean, which was previously known from only a single species, G. grimaldii, from the northeastern Atlantic at the same depth range. The two species illustrate opposing phenotypes within the same genus. Fifty-eight specimens of the second new species, Ptilocrinus clarki n. sp., were dredged off British Columbia close to the type-locality of P. pinnatus, the type species of the genus Ptilocrinus, but at shallower depths ranging from 1,178 to 1,986 m. This exceptional collection provides significant data on intraspecific variation in the main morphological characters, especially arm pattern. The ontogeny of stalk articulations and the main traits of adoral plate differentiation are described in detail. A complementary investigation on P. pinnatus was conducted using specimens collected by the “Albatross” expedition at a depth of 2,906 m. Despite similarities in external morphology, tegmen and cover plates, the two ptilocrinid species display significant differences in pinnule architecture, aboral cup and stalk articulations. From comparison with Gephyrocrinus messingi n. sp. and Ptilocrinus clarki n. sp., G. grimaldii and P. pinnatus are interpreted as the result of heterochronic development by paedomorphy after ecological or geographic isolation. Pinnule architecture in the two new species suggests first steps in an evolutionary trend toward a rigid box which protects gonad inflation in the proximal part of the pinnule. These new data on Ptilocrinus and Gephyrocrinus create problems in the current taxonomy of the family Hyocrinidae. The main derived characters, especially in pinnule and arm pattern, are used to propose new hypotheses for hyocrinid phylogeny.

Comparative morphology and species-groups of the oribatid mite genus Scapheremaeus (Acari: Oribatida: Cymbaeremaeidae), with new species from South Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2213 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW J. COLLOFF
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Semi Arid

The morphology of the genus Scapheremaeus Berlese, 1910 is reviewed and characters of taxonomic utility delineated. Based on the morphological review, some 13 species-groups are outlined based on major morphotypes. There are two main categories: i) species that have a complete circumdorsal scissure with plicate microsculpture on the circumnotogastral plate and strongly contrasting microsculpture (foveolae, ridges or tubercles) on the centrodorsal plate (plicate species-groups), and ii) species with the circumdorsal scissure complete, incomplete or absent but with little or no contrast in microsculpture between the central and lateral regions: typically both regions foveolate or reticulate (non- plicate species-groups). A catalogue of world species of Scapheremaeus is provided. Scapheremaeus petrophagus (Banks, 1906) is not a Scapheremaeus but belongs to an undetermined genus in the Ameronothroidea. Cymbaeremaeus cyclops Oudemans, 1915 is recombined to Scapheremaeus. Five new species are described (S. angusi sp. nov., S. cheloniella sp. nov., S. ewani sp. nov., S. lambieae sp. nov., and S. pulleni sp. nov.) from soil and litter habitats in semi-arid Mallee eucalypt vegetation at Bookmark Biosphere Reserve, South Australia. These are the first members of the genus Scapheremaeus to be described from Australia, though undescribed species have been recorded previously. All the new species are morphologically closely-related and belong to a single species-group: Carinatus.

scholarly journals Fish Diversity in Huchharayanakere, Shikaripura, Shivamogga District, Karnataka, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
H M Ashashree ◽  
H A Sayeswara ◽  
K L Naik ◽  
N Kumara Swamy ◽  
Nafeesa Begum
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Chemical Condition ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Family ◽  
Faunal Diversity

Fresh water wetlands are fragile ecosystems, which are fast deterioring and shrinking due to manmade activities. The fish composition of Huchharayanakere of Shikaripura was studied for a period of twelve months from January to December 2015. The icthyo-faunal diversity of this pond confirmed the occurrence of 13 species of fishes belonging to 5 families. The family Cyprinidae represented by 9 species. Families Anabantidae, Bagridae, Clupeidae and Notopteridae were represented by only a single species. Simultaneously the physico-chemical condition of the water body revealed that water quality is suitable for fish culture. The study of fish fauna of an aquatic body is useful for planning of fisheries development. The pond needs proper management and utilization of this fish wealth and sustainable steps to monitor and conserve the fish health. The present study revealed that Huchharayanakere of Shikaripura harbors wide varieties of fish with economic importance in local and global trade. The study will provide future strategies for development and fish conservation.

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