scholarly journals Explorations of avoidance and approach coping and perceived stress with a computer-based avatar task: detrimental effects of resignation and withdrawal

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11265
Author(s):  
M. Todd Allen
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Approach Coping ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Performance

Background Individuals differ in how they react to stress or trauma through different coping styles in which they may deal directly with a stressor by adopting approach coping styles or disengage with a stressor by utilizing avoidant coping styles. Avoidant coping styles have been linked to adverse outcomes including psychological distress, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, avoidance coping styles as measured by a subset of items on the Brief COPE were found to have a weak positive relationship with performance on a computer-based avatar task which is related to avoidant personality temperaments. This avatar task was developed as an alternative for paper and pencil self-report inventories for measuring avoidant tendencies based on possible response biases of avoidant individuals. In the current study, avoidance and approach coping styles as measured by the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire (BACQ) were compared to avoidant coping as measured by the Brief COPE and performance on the avatar task. In addition to approach and avoidance coping, the BACQ also measures active avoidance coping (i.e., diversion) and passive avoidance coping (i.e., resignation and withdrawal). The relationships between approach and avoidance coping and performance on the avatar task were also analyzed with the outcome of perceived stress as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Methods One hundred undergraduates voluntarily completed the BACQ, the Brief COPE, and the PSS. Participants also completed a computer-based task in which they guided an avatar through a series of social situations where they indicated how they would interact with or avoid interacting with strangers. Results Approach coping had a weak negative relationship to avoidance coping as measured by the BACQ and the Brief COPE. Performance on the avatar task had a moderate positive relationship with avoidance coping (diversion as well as resignation and withdrawal) as measured by the BACQ and a moderate negative relationship with approach coping as measured by the BACQ. A model including only approach, diversion, and resignation and withdrawal coping best predicted performance on the avatar task in a linear regression model. While resignation and withdrawal coping and diversion coping had moderate positive relationships to avatar task scores, only resignation and withdrawal had a strong positive relationship to perceived stress. A model than included only resignation and withdrawal coping best predicted perceived stress in a linear regression model. Overall, passive avoidant coping styles (i.e., resignation and withdrawal), but not active avoidant coping style (i.e., diversion), were related to perceived stress. These results support the continued study of multiple aspects of avoidant coping styles as well as the avatar task to increase our understanding of the maladaptive effects of excessive avoidance in the face of stress.

scholarly journals An exploration of the relationships of experiential avoidance (as measured by the aaq-ii and meaq) with negative affect, perceived stress, and avoidant coping styles

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11033
Author(s):  
M. Todd Allen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Type D ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Acceptance And Action Questionnaire

Background Current psychotherapies seek to reduce experiential avoidance (EA) which has also been put forth as a risk factor for anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. EA is a potentially maladaptive self-regulatory tendency to avoid negative thoughts, feelings, memories, physical sensations, and other internal experiences. One unresolved issue with the most commonly used measures of EA, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) which measures EA as a single factor and the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) which measures EA as six subdimensions, is what exactly is being measured. The AAQ-II appears to measure negative affect (NA), some aspects of avoidant coping, and psychological distress. In addition, the relationships of all the MEAQ subscales have not been thoroughly examined with these other constructs. In the current study, the relationships of AAQ-II and MEAQ scores with NA, avoidant coping styles, and perceived stress were examined. Methods Two-hundred undergraduates (154 females and 46 males) completed the AAQ-II and MEAQ, the Distressed Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) which includes a measure of NA, the Brief COPE which measures coping styles, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Results Scores on the AAQ-II had moderate positive relationships with the MEAQ total score and all MEAQ subscales with the exception of distress endurance which had a moderate negative relationship. The AAQ-II had a stronger relationship with NA, avoidant coping, and perceived stress than did the MEAQ. All MEAQ subscales had a positive relationship to NA, avoidant coping, and perceived stress with the exception of distress endurance which had a negative relationship with these constructs. While the AAQ-II is limited as a unitary measure of EA the multiple dimensions of the MEAQ may involve an extraneous factor of distress endurance. Future work should examine the relationships of the MEAQ with NA, avoidant coping and perceived stress with clinical populations.

scholarly journals Coping with COVID-19 Pandemic: A Population-Based Study in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Amran Hossain ◽  
Karen Saunders ◽  
Mohamed Sakel ◽  
Lori Maria Walton ◽  
Veena Raigangar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Female Participant ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Approach Coping

This study aims to investigate coping strategies used by Bangladeshi citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional survey of adults (N=2001) living in Bangladesh. Methods: Participants were interviewed for socio-demographic data and completed the Bengali translated Brief-COPE Inventory. Statistical data analysis was conducted using SPSS (Version 20). Results: Participants (N=2001), aged 18 to 86 years, were recruited from eight administrative divisions within Bangladesh (mean age 31.85, SD 14.2 years). Male to female participant ratio was 53.4% (n=1074) to 46.6% (n=927). Higher scores were reported for approach coping styles (29.83, SD 8.9), with lower scores reported for avoidant coping styles (20.83, SD 6.05). Humor coping scores were reported at 2.68, SD 1.3, and religion coping scores at 5.64, SD 1.8. Both men and women showed similar coping styles. Multivariate analysis found a significant relationship between the male gender and both humor and avoidant coping (p <.01). Male gender was found to be inversely related to both religion and approach coping (p<.01). Marital status and education were significantly related to all coping style domains (p<.01). The occupation was significantly related to approach coping (p <.01). Rural and urban locations differed significantly in participant coping styles (p <.01). Factor analysis revealed two cluster groups (Factor 1 and 2) comprised of unique combinations from all coping style domains. Conclusion: Participants in this study coped with the COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing a combination of coping strategies. Factor 1 revealed both avoidant and approach coping strategies and Factor 2 revealed a combination of humor and avoidant coping strategies. Overall, higher utilization of approach coping strategies was reported, which has previously been associated with better physical and mental health outcomes. Religion was found to be a coping strategy for all participants. Future research may focus on understanding resilience in vulnerable populations, including people with disabilities or with migrant or refugee status in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Coping responses as predictors of satisfaction with life amongst a group of patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrisma Pretorius ◽  
Stephen P. Walker ◽  
Karel G.F. Esterhuyse
Keyword(s):  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cognitive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Diabetes Clinic ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Approach Coping ◽  
Life Scale

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which coping responses could predict the level of life satisfaction experienced by patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.A non-experimental, cross-sectional design was adopted. The sample consisted of 154 individuals(62 Type I diabetics, 80 Type II diabetics, and 12 individuals for whom diagnostic information was not available) recruited from the outpatient diabetes clinic at a large state hospital. All participants completed the Coping Responses Inventory – Adult Version, as well as the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Initially, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationship between the predictor variables (coping responses) and the criterion variable(satisfaction with life). Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to determine the amount of variance in the satisfaction with life scores that was explained by coping responses.The combination of approach and avoidance coping subscales accounted for 33% of the variance in the participants’ satisfaction with life scores. However, upon further analysis, the avoidance coping subscales were found to account for 28% of the variance in the sample’s satisfaction with life. The cognitive avoidance subscale and the acceptance or resignation subscale were found to correlate negatively with satisfaction with life at the 1% level of significance.It appears that approach coping responses do not predict the satisfaction with life experienced by individuals suffering from diabetes. However, avoidant coping responses, particularly cognitive avoidance and acceptance or resignation, are predictive of lower levels of satisfaction with life.OpsommingDie doel van hierdie navorsing was om vas te stel tot watter mate hanteringsgedrag (coping responses)die vlak van lewenstevredenheid by pasiënte wat aan diabetes ly kan voorspel.’n Nie-eksperimentele, dwarssnit ontwerp is gebruik. Die steekproef het uit 154 individue (62 Tipe I-diabetes, 80 Tipe II-diabetes en 12 individue waarvan die diagnostiese inligting nie beskikbaar was nie) bestaan, wat van die buitepasiënte kliniek by ’n groot staatshospitaal verkry is. Alle deelnemers het die Coping Responses Inventory – Adult Version, sowel as die Satisfaction with Life Scale voltooi.Aanvanklik is die Pearson produkmoment korrelasie koëffisiënte bereken om die verhouding tussen die voorspeller-veranderlikes (coping responses/hanteringsgedrag) en die kriterium-veranderlike(satisfaction with life/lewenstevredenheid) te ondersoek. Hiërargiese regressie-analise is uitgevoer om die hoeveelheid variansie in die lewenstevredenheid-telling wat deur hanteringsgedrag verklaar is, te bepaal.Die kombinasie van approach en avoidance coping subscales het 33% van die variansie in die deelnemers se Lewenstevredenheid-telling verklaar. Na verdere ontleding is egter gevind dat die avoidance coping subscales 28% van die variansie in die lewenstevredenheid van die steekproef verklaar het.Daar is gevind dat die cognitive avoidance subscale en die acceptance or resignation subscale negatief op die 1% peil van betekenisvolheid met lewenstevredenheid korreleer.Dit blyk dat toenaderings (approach coping responses) nie die lewenstevredenheid by individue wat aan diabetes ly, voorspel nie. Vermydingsgedrag (avoidant coping responses), in besonder kognitiewe vermyding en aanvaarding of berusting, is egter voorspellend van laer vlakke van lewenstevredenheid.

scholarly journals Relationship between Caretakers Variable on Occupation and Coping Strategies of Caretakers Attending to Patients with Cancer Problems

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandhya Rani ◽  
Dr. P. Sree Devi
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Approach Coping ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship

The present study makes an attempt to understand the Relationship between Caretaker Variable on Occupation and Coping Strategies of Caretakers Attending to Patients with Cancer Problems. Caretakers who were ready and willing to extend their cooperation for in-depth interview were selected as population for the study. Thus a total number of 80 caretakers were selected purposively for conducting the present study. The results revealed that caretakers used both approach and avoidance coping styles. Higher the occupational status of the care taker, better were the coping strategies i.e. they were using more approach coping strategies.

scholarly journals Green CSR Moderated by Public Visibility and Innovation Performance at Indonesia Companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rahmat Hidayat, Farah Margaretha Leon
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the green CSR  of innovation performance  with firms approval variables  and public visibility   can support moderating the relationship of green CSR  and innovation. The research sample was 33 manufacturing companies. The results showed that the  green CSR has a positive and significant effect on innovation . Also, the company approval variable has been proven to moderate the direction of a positive relationship between green CSR and innovation . The results also prove that public visibility is proven to moderate the direction of the negative relationship between green CSR and performance. This study provide information that shows great concern for the environment; it will increase the company in making changes through innovation activities. Also, the higher the company's approval and public visibility, the company will get support from various stakeholders to run the firms. The level of company concern for CSR activities will be a misjudgment for investors.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS, QUALITY OF LIFE AND COPING STYLES AMONG BRAIN DISORDER PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Priscilla Das
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
And Coping

Objective: Brain and nervous system cancer incidence was one of the ten most common cancers in Malaysia. The study intends to model the structural relationship of MDD, anxiety disorders, other psychiatric disorders, quality of life, coping styles and their associated factors among neurological disorder (brain tumour / brain disorder) patients. Methods: The EORTC-Quality of Life, Brief COPE, Single Item Social Support, MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Patient Health Questionnaires were utilised in the study. Results: The multivariate normality kurtosis was 6.174 with c.r = 2.440 obtained in this SEM model. Chi-square normalized by degrees of freedom, (χ̰2 /df) =1.086, p= 0.353. The RMSEA was 0.03, TLI = 0.988 and CFI =0.999 were obtained in the study. All 8 paths out of 10 paths were significant with p-values less than 0.05 (two-tailed) with R2 values ranging from 0.48 to 0.55 which indicates that the variance explained ranged from 48% for emotional functioning to 55% for severity of depression. The severity of MDD has positive relationship with insomnia and panic disorder lifetime and negative relationship with self distraction coping styles. Meanwhile emotional functioning had negative relationship with fatigue, venting and panic disorder lifetime and positive relationship with global health status. The emotional functioning also was correlated negatively with the severity of MDD (p < 0.005).  Conclusion: Therefore based on the path analysis, the main contributing factors of MDD severity were emotional functioning, insomnia, self distraction coping and panic disorder lifetime. The emotional functioning of the patients were influenced by the fatigue, global health status, venting coping styles and panic disorder lifetime and this increased the severity of MDD among the patients.  Therefore the role of quality of life and coping styles on depression and anxiety should not be neglected. The clinician, health psychologist, psychiatrist, and counselor in this country need to implement better treatments for the effected patients.

Coping with the crisis: the effects of psychological capital and coping behaviors on perceived stress

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Maykrantz ◽  
Brandye D. Nobiling ◽  
Richard A. Oxarart ◽  
Luke A. Langlinais ◽  
Jeffery D. Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Maladaptive Coping ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered the daily lives of millions of people around the world, substantially increasing anxiety and stress levels for many. Psychological capital (PsyCap), a multidimensional construct that includes hope, optimism, resilience and self-efficacy, may serve as a resource for helping people more effectively cope with uncertainty resulting in lower levels of perceived stress. The authors hypothesize a negative relationship between PsyCap and perceived stress that is partially and differentially mediated by adaptive and maladaptive coping styles. The authors further hypothesize that work context (home vs workplace) will moderate the relationships between coping styles and perceived stress.Design/methodology/approachAfter receiving Institutional Review Board approval, data were collected during the first week of May 2020 using an online survey. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, specifically Mplus 8. The authors validated their initial findings using PROCESS Model 14 with 5,000 boot-strapped samples and a 95% confidence interval.FindingsThe authors’ results show that adaptive and maladaptive coping styles differentially mediate the effects of PsyCap on perceived stress with the indirect effects of PsyCap on perceived stress through maladaptive coping being stronger than the indirect effects through adaptive coping. The authors found support for the relationships in our hypothesized model.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings suggest that health interventions aimed at increasing PsyCap may be an effective means of reducing maladaptive coping and perceived stress. Future research should continue to explore PsyCap as a potential means of shaping positive health behaviors.Originality/valueThis study makes a unique contribution to the literature by explaining how PsyCap operates through coping to affect perceptions of stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dominant Owners and Performance of Continental European Firms

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Krivogorsky ◽  
F. Greg Burton
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Additional Analysis ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Ownership Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Actual Control

ABSTRACT We examine dominant ownership in Continental European firms to further refine the distinction between the ability to control and actual control and whether a particular distinct shareholder ownership type is associated with company performance. In addition, we empirically test whether the economic performance of the firms from different countries is consistently affected by the nature of the company's dominant owner. After disaggregating the overall sample by specific ownership type and by country, we find a positive relationship between dominant ownership and performance for firms in which banks and families/individuals are the dominant owners and a negative relationship when corporations are the dominant owners. Additional analysis discloses an even more complicated picture, suggesting that countries are not homogenous in terms of their ownership landscapes and, hence, their effects on performance.

scholarly journals Relationship between Perceived Stress and Coping Pattern amongst Nursing Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1-Feb) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
Rukmini S
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Approach Coping ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Coping Pattern ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

The present study triesto find the relationship between perceived stress and coping pattern among nursing students. The researcher usedthe tools of Shelden Cohen (1983) and the Cope Scale by Carver CS (1997), included Avoidant Coping and Approach Coping. Astratified random technique was used to select the sample from different hospitals/colleges, nursing students pursuing their studies in various institutions in Karnataka. There werea total of 162 volunteering participants. A self-administered questionnaire of Perceived Stress Scale and Brief COPE inventory was given to the participantsand the duration of the study was of one month. Statistical methods employed aremean, percentage, standard deviation, t-test, and Spearman’s Coefficient correlation, and were calculated using IBM SPSS. The results of Spearman’s Rho test show that there is a significant positive linear relationship between perceived stress and the following coping skills among the participants.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study on Burnout in Spanish Dentists: Underlying Psychological Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13418
Author(s):  
Cristina Gómez-Polo ◽  
Ana Martín Casado ◽  
Antonio Castaño ◽  
Javier Montero
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Brief Cope

The aim of this work is to study the personality factors and coping styles of Spanish dentists when facing burnout syndrome, through epidemiological work. An epidemiological study of 1928 Spanish dentists was undertaken through an online survey, which registered the age and gender, and three questionnaires: NEO-FFI (personality traits), Brief COPE (coping styles), and MBI-HSS (burnout questionnaire). A multivariate analysis and an explanatory binary logistic regression model were used to estimate the presence of burnout. Neuroticism turned out to be the strongest indicator (OR 1.10; IC 95% 1.09–1.14), while extraversion (OR 0.93; IC 95% 0.91–0.95) and agreeableness (OR 0.94; IC95% 0.92–0.98) showed an inverse relationship with the occurrence of burnout, as did age (OR 0.9; IC95% 0.96–0.99). Conscientiousness (OR 1.0; IC95% 1.00–1.06) had a direct relationship with the presence of burnout. An avoidant coping style was the only indicative coping style (OR 1.04 IC95% 1.02–1.06). Approximately 70% of the dentists scored high on one of the three dimensions of burnout. No differences were found in the degree of burnout according to gender. Certain personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), the avoidant coping style, and age are powerful indicators to attempt to forecast the presence of burnout syndrome in dentists.

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