scholarly journals An exploration of the relationships of experiential avoidance (as measured by the aaq-ii and meaq) with negative affect, perceived stress, and avoidant coping styles

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11033
Author(s):  
M. Todd Allen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Experiential Avoidance ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Type D ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Acceptance And Action Questionnaire

Background Current psychotherapies seek to reduce experiential avoidance (EA) which has also been put forth as a risk factor for anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. EA is a potentially maladaptive self-regulatory tendency to avoid negative thoughts, feelings, memories, physical sensations, and other internal experiences. One unresolved issue with the most commonly used measures of EA, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) which measures EA as a single factor and the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) which measures EA as six subdimensions, is what exactly is being measured. The AAQ-II appears to measure negative affect (NA), some aspects of avoidant coping, and psychological distress. In addition, the relationships of all the MEAQ subscales have not been thoroughly examined with these other constructs. In the current study, the relationships of AAQ-II and MEAQ scores with NA, avoidant coping styles, and perceived stress were examined. Methods Two-hundred undergraduates (154 females and 46 males) completed the AAQ-II and MEAQ, the Distressed Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) which includes a measure of NA, the Brief COPE which measures coping styles, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Results Scores on the AAQ-II had moderate positive relationships with the MEAQ total score and all MEAQ subscales with the exception of distress endurance which had a moderate negative relationship. The AAQ-II had a stronger relationship with NA, avoidant coping, and perceived stress than did the MEAQ. All MEAQ subscales had a positive relationship to NA, avoidant coping, and perceived stress with the exception of distress endurance which had a negative relationship with these constructs. While the AAQ-II is limited as a unitary measure of EA the multiple dimensions of the MEAQ may involve an extraneous factor of distress endurance. Future work should examine the relationships of the MEAQ with NA, avoidant coping and perceived stress with clinical populations.

scholarly journals Explorations of avoidance and approach coping and perceived stress with a computer-based avatar task: detrimental effects of resignation and withdrawal

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11265
Author(s):  
M. Todd Allen
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Avoidance Coping ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Approach Coping ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Performance

Background Individuals differ in how they react to stress or trauma through different coping styles in which they may deal directly with a stressor by adopting approach coping styles or disengage with a stressor by utilizing avoidant coping styles. Avoidant coping styles have been linked to adverse outcomes including psychological distress, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, avoidance coping styles as measured by a subset of items on the Brief COPE were found to have a weak positive relationship with performance on a computer-based avatar task which is related to avoidant personality temperaments. This avatar task was developed as an alternative for paper and pencil self-report inventories for measuring avoidant tendencies based on possible response biases of avoidant individuals. In the current study, avoidance and approach coping styles as measured by the Brief Approach/Avoidance Coping Questionnaire (BACQ) were compared to avoidant coping as measured by the Brief COPE and performance on the avatar task. In addition to approach and avoidance coping, the BACQ also measures active avoidance coping (i.e., diversion) and passive avoidance coping (i.e., resignation and withdrawal). The relationships between approach and avoidance coping and performance on the avatar task were also analyzed with the outcome of perceived stress as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Methods One hundred undergraduates voluntarily completed the BACQ, the Brief COPE, and the PSS. Participants also completed a computer-based task in which they guided an avatar through a series of social situations where they indicated how they would interact with or avoid interacting with strangers. Results Approach coping had a weak negative relationship to avoidance coping as measured by the BACQ and the Brief COPE. Performance on the avatar task had a moderate positive relationship with avoidance coping (diversion as well as resignation and withdrawal) as measured by the BACQ and a moderate negative relationship with approach coping as measured by the BACQ. A model including only approach, diversion, and resignation and withdrawal coping best predicted performance on the avatar task in a linear regression model. While resignation and withdrawal coping and diversion coping had moderate positive relationships to avatar task scores, only resignation and withdrawal had a strong positive relationship to perceived stress. A model than included only resignation and withdrawal coping best predicted perceived stress in a linear regression model. Overall, passive avoidant coping styles (i.e., resignation and withdrawal), but not active avoidant coping style (i.e., diversion), were related to perceived stress. These results support the continued study of multiple aspects of avoidant coping styles as well as the avatar task to increase our understanding of the maladaptive effects of excessive avoidance in the face of stress.

Coping with the crisis: the effects of psychological capital and coping behaviors on perceived stress

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Maykrantz ◽  
Brandye D. Nobiling ◽  
Richard A. Oxarart ◽  
Luke A. Langlinais ◽  
Jeffery D. Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Maladaptive Coping ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered the daily lives of millions of people around the world, substantially increasing anxiety and stress levels for many. Psychological capital (PsyCap), a multidimensional construct that includes hope, optimism, resilience and self-efficacy, may serve as a resource for helping people more effectively cope with uncertainty resulting in lower levels of perceived stress. The authors hypothesize a negative relationship between PsyCap and perceived stress that is partially and differentially mediated by adaptive and maladaptive coping styles. The authors further hypothesize that work context (home vs workplace) will moderate the relationships between coping styles and perceived stress.Design/methodology/approachAfter receiving Institutional Review Board approval, data were collected during the first week of May 2020 using an online survey. The hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques, specifically Mplus 8. The authors validated their initial findings using PROCESS Model 14 with 5,000 boot-strapped samples and a 95% confidence interval.FindingsThe authors’ results show that adaptive and maladaptive coping styles differentially mediate the effects of PsyCap on perceived stress with the indirect effects of PsyCap on perceived stress through maladaptive coping being stronger than the indirect effects through adaptive coping. The authors found support for the relationships in our hypothesized model.Practical implicationsThe authors’ findings suggest that health interventions aimed at increasing PsyCap may be an effective means of reducing maladaptive coping and perceived stress. Future research should continue to explore PsyCap as a potential means of shaping positive health behaviors.Originality/valueThis study makes a unique contribution to the literature by explaining how PsyCap operates through coping to affect perceptions of stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study on Burnout in Spanish Dentists: Underlying Psychological Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13418
Author(s):  
Cristina Gómez-Polo ◽  
Ana Martín Casado ◽  
Antonio Castaño ◽  
Javier Montero
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Brief Cope

The aim of this work is to study the personality factors and coping styles of Spanish dentists when facing burnout syndrome, through epidemiological work. An epidemiological study of 1928 Spanish dentists was undertaken through an online survey, which registered the age and gender, and three questionnaires: NEO-FFI (personality traits), Brief COPE (coping styles), and MBI-HSS (burnout questionnaire). A multivariate analysis and an explanatory binary logistic regression model were used to estimate the presence of burnout. Neuroticism turned out to be the strongest indicator (OR 1.10; IC 95% 1.09–1.14), while extraversion (OR 0.93; IC 95% 0.91–0.95) and agreeableness (OR 0.94; IC95% 0.92–0.98) showed an inverse relationship with the occurrence of burnout, as did age (OR 0.9; IC95% 0.96–0.99). Conscientiousness (OR 1.0; IC95% 1.00–1.06) had a direct relationship with the presence of burnout. An avoidant coping style was the only indicative coping style (OR 1.04 IC95% 1.02–1.06). Approximately 70% of the dentists scored high on one of the three dimensions of burnout. No differences were found in the degree of burnout according to gender. Certain personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness), the avoidant coping style, and age are powerful indicators to attempt to forecast the presence of burnout syndrome in dentists.

scholarly journals Coping Styles Associated with Post-Traumatic Stress and Depression Symptoms Following Childbirth in Croatian Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Nakić Radoš ◽  
Erin Burn ◽  
Susan Ayers ◽  
Alexandra Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Post Traumatic

Porođaj je normativni čin u životu žene i uglavnom se smatra pozitivnim događajem. Međutim, svaka treća žena doživi porođaj kao tjelesnu prijetnju za sebe i/ili za svoje novorođenče te 3 % žena nakon porođaja razvije posttraumatski stresni poremećaj (PTSP). Dosadašnja istraživanja upućuju na to da su slabe strategije suočavanja povezane s PTSP-om nakon porođaja, međutim, ta su se istraživanja uglavnom koristila jednodimenzionalnim mjerama strategija suočavanja. Drugim riječima, tek valja ispitati koje specifične dimenzije suočavanja pridonose PTSP-u nakon porođaja. Ciljevi su ovog istraživanja ispitati simptome PTSP-a nakon porođaja te kako su različiti stilovi suočavanja povezani sa simptomima PTSP-a i depresije kod žena u Hrvatskoj. Žene (N = 160) koje su rodile unatrag dvije godine ispunile su online upitnik koji mjeri simptome PTSP-a (Impact of Event Scale – IES), poslijeporođajnu depresiju (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale – EPDS) te stilove suočavanja (Brief Cope). U ovom je uzorku 1.9 % ispitanica izvijestilo o ozbiljnim simptomima PTSP-a nakon porođaja, a 21.9 % ih je izvijestilo o depresivnim simptomima. Većina je žena (66.7 %) sa simptomima PTSP-a izvijestila i o depresivnim simptomima. S druge strane, 28.6 % žena s depresivnim simptomima također je izvijestilo i o simptomima PTSP-a, što upućuje na viši komorbiditet PTSP-a i depresije nego obrnuto. Od izbjegavajućih su stilova suočavanja poricanje i samookrivljavanje pozitivno korelirali sa simptomima PTSP-a i depresije, dok je odustajanje pozitivno koreliralo samo sa simptomima PTSP-a, a odvraćanje pažnje sa simptomima depresije. Također, niže razine planiranja i više razine emocionalne podrške bile su povezane s višom razinom depresivnosti. Međutim, nakon kontroliranja poslijeporođajnih psihopatoloških simptoma stilovi suočavanja nisu bili značajni prediktori simptoma PTPS-a, ali je samookrivljavanje bilo značajni prediktor depresivnih simptoma. Žene u Hrvatskoj izvještavaju o psihopatološkim simptomima nakon porođaja te su oni povezani sa stilovima suočavanja. Izbjegavajući stil suočavanja, samookrivljavanje, posebno je povezan s depresivnim simptomima. Buduća bi istraživanja trebala ispitati prediktore PTSP-a kod hrvatskih žena u reprezentativnijim uzorcima u trudnoći te s praćenjem nakon porođaja. Također, probir za poslijeporođajne psihopatološke simptome trebao bi se provoditi i za simptome depresije i za simptome PTSP-a.

scholarly journals Coping with COVID-19 Pandemic: A Population-Based Study in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Amran Hossain ◽  
Karen Saunders ◽  
Mohamed Sakel ◽  
Lori Maria Walton ◽  
Veena Raigangar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Female Participant ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Approach Coping

This study aims to investigate coping strategies used by Bangladeshi citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional survey of adults (N=2001) living in Bangladesh. Methods: Participants were interviewed for socio-demographic data and completed the Bengali translated Brief-COPE Inventory. Statistical data analysis was conducted using SPSS (Version 20). Results: Participants (N=2001), aged 18 to 86 years, were recruited from eight administrative divisions within Bangladesh (mean age 31.85, SD 14.2 years). Male to female participant ratio was 53.4% (n=1074) to 46.6% (n=927). Higher scores were reported for approach coping styles (29.83, SD 8.9), with lower scores reported for avoidant coping styles (20.83, SD 6.05). Humor coping scores were reported at 2.68, SD 1.3, and religion coping scores at 5.64, SD 1.8. Both men and women showed similar coping styles. Multivariate analysis found a significant relationship between the male gender and both humor and avoidant coping (p <.01). Male gender was found to be inversely related to both religion and approach coping (p<.01). Marital status and education were significantly related to all coping style domains (p<.01). The occupation was significantly related to approach coping (p <.01). Rural and urban locations differed significantly in participant coping styles (p <.01). Factor analysis revealed two cluster groups (Factor 1 and 2) comprised of unique combinations from all coping style domains. Conclusion: Participants in this study coped with the COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing a combination of coping strategies. Factor 1 revealed both avoidant and approach coping strategies and Factor 2 revealed a combination of humor and avoidant coping strategies. Overall, higher utilization of approach coping strategies was reported, which has previously been associated with better physical and mental health outcomes. Religion was found to be a coping strategy for all participants. Future research may focus on understanding resilience in vulnerable populations, including people with disabilities or with migrant or refugee status in Bangladesh.

Impact of coping styles on post-traumatic stress disorder and depressive symptoms among pregnant women exposed to Hurricane Katrina

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olurinde Oni, MD, MS ◽  
Emily W. Harville, PhD ◽  
Xu Xiong, MD, DrPH ◽  
Pierre Buekens, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Objective: Experiencing natural disasters such as hurricanes is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.We examined the role played by perceived stress and coping styles in explaining and modifying this association among pregnant women exposed to Hurricane Katrina.Design: The study comprised 192 women (133 from New Orleans and 59 from Baton Rouge) who were pregnant during Hurricane Katrina or became pregnant immediately after the hurricane. Women were interviewed regarding their hurricane experience, perceived stress, and mental health outcomes. Coping styles was assessed using the Brief COPE, PTSD symptoms using the Post-Traumatic Checklist, and depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Depression Scale. Multivariable regression models were run to determine the effects of coping styles on mental health and the interactions among coping styles, hurricane experience, and perceived stress on mental health.Results: Apart from the positive reframing and humor coping styles, all coping styles correlated positively with PTSD or depression (p 0.05). The instrumental support, denial, venting, and behavioral disengagement coping styles were significantly associated with worsened PTSD symptoms among those who reported higher perceived stress (p 0.05). Use of a humor coping style seemed to reduce the effect of perceived stress on depressive symptoms (p = 0.02 for interaction) while use of instrumental support (p = 0.04) and behavioral disengagement (p 0.01) were both associated with more symptoms of depression among those who perceived more stress. There were no strong interactions between coping style and hurricane experience.Conclusion: Coping styles are potential moderators of the effects of stress on mental health of pregnant women.

scholarly journals "EFFECT OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION AND COPING STRATEGIES ON AFFECT AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOMATOLOGY AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS DURING NATIONAL LOCKDOWN - A PROSPECTIVE, NON-RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL "

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Khan-White ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Depression Symptomatology

"This prospective, non-randomised controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of brief app-based sessions of mindfulness meditation (MM) and utilisation of either problem-focused (PFC) or emotion-focused coping (EFC) styles on positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA) and depression symptomatology during nationwide lockdown due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study enrolled 19 medical students to undergo a 10-minute MM intervention. These same students were also divided into either PFC or EFC groups. Affect was measured using the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS), depression symptomatology was measured using the centre for epidemiological studies-depression (CES-D) scale and the brief COPE survey was used to categorise individuals as either PFC or EFC. Analysis showed no significant between-subject interaction for MM on PA, NA or CES-D score. Analysis of coping styles showed no significant between-subject interactions in relation to PA or NA, though CES-D scores approached significance (p=0.057) and PFC scored significantly lower than EFC at baseline (p=0.02). Significant within-subject effect of time found for PA and NA across both analyses (p<0.05). 61.1% of cohort scored above CES-D cut-off for being considered at risk of depression. These results identify a need for further work into more intensive MM interventions with larger sample sizes as well as study into stressors associated with lockdown to more fully establish whether PFC strategies are the most beneficial. In addition, a clearly high level of psychological distress has been implicated in this study population, which may have implications for student pastoral care during this period."

scholarly journals Mindfulness and Its Relationship With Perceived Stress, Affect, and Burnout in Elite Junior Athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Gustafsson ◽  
Therése Skoog ◽  
Paul Davis ◽  
Göran Kenttä ◽  
Peter Haberl
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Junior Athletes ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and burnout and whether this relationship is mediated by perceived stress, negative affect, and positive affect in elite junior athletes. Participants were 233 (123 males and 107 females) adolescent athletes, ranging in age from 15–19 years (M = 17.50; SD = 1.08). Bivariate correlations revealed that mindfulness had a significant negative relationship with both perceived stress and burnout. To investigate mediation, we employed nonparametric bootstrapping analyses. These analyses indicated that positive affect fully mediated links between mindfulness and sport devaluation. Further, positive affect and negative affect partially mediated the relationships between mindfulness and physical/emotional exhaustion, as well as between mindfulness and reduced sense of accomplishment. The results point toward mindfulness being negatively related to burnout in athletes and highlight the role of positive affect. Future research should investigate the longitudinal effect of dispositional mindfulness on stress and burnout.

Therapist Stress, Coping, Career Sustaining Behavior and the Working Alliance

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Broholm Briggs ◽  
Patrick H. Munley
Keyword(s):  
Working Alliance ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Significant Variance ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Working Alliance Inventory ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Individual Client

Relations were examined among therapist stress, coping styles, career sustaining behaviors and therapist working alliance. 160 therapists completed a demographic questionnaire, a rating of stress experienced in work as a psychotherapist, a rating of stress experienced in work with an individual client, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Career Sustaining Behavior Questionnaire, the COPE, and the Working Alliance Inventory. After controlling for demographic and therapists' stress variables, and alternating entry of Career Sustaining Behavior and COPE scores in the regression model. Career Sustaining Behavior contributed significant variance to predicting working alliance, and COPE scores accounted for significant variance in working alliance with active coping a significant predictor. Career Sustaining Behavior and COPE scores entered together accounted for significant unique variance in Working Alliance with career sustaining behavior and avoidant coping identified as significant predictors.

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