scholarly journals Immune function of miR-214 and its application prospects as molecular marker

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10924
Author(s):  
Qiuyuan Wang ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yiru Wu ◽  
Jie Wen ◽  
Chaolai Man
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Inflammatory Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Application Prospects

MicroRNAs are a class of evolutionary conserved non-coding small RNAs that play key regulatory roles at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, studies have shown that miR-214 plays an important role in regulating several biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, tumorigenesis, inflammation and immunity, and it has become a hotspot in the miRNA field. In this review, the regulatory functions of miR-214 in the proliferation, differentiation and functional activities of immune-related cells, such as dendritic cells, T cells and NK cells, were briefly reviewed. Also, the mechanisms of miR-214 involved in tumor immunity, inflammatory regulation and antivirus were discussed. Finally, the value and application prospects of miR-214 as a molecular marker in inflammation and tumor related diseases were analyzed briefly. We hope it can provide reference for further study on the mechanism and application of miR-214.

ANALYSIS OF PROTEOGLYCAN GENE EXPRESSION IN CONNECTIVE TISSUES BY SEMI-QUANTITATIVE RT-PCR

2001 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
K. Dobra ◽  
A. Hjerpe
Keyword(s):  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Surrounding Matrix ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Multiple Samples

Proteoglycans (PGs) are cell-membrane and extracellular matrix components with a wide variety of different functions. In the matrix, they are mainly of structural importance, although some of them have been ascribed specific regulatory functions, such as in the assembly of collagen fibers. PGs on the cell surface act as essential modulators of specific ligand-binding reactions, involving interactions between adjacent cells and between cells and surrounding matrix. Through these interactions they participate in different processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. Qualitative and quantitative changes in PG expression can therefore be associated with various physiological and pathological conditions. We have optimized the conditions for semi-quantitative evaluation of proteoglycan expression by RT-PCR reaction, using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as reference gene. The relative fluorescence of analyte to reference amplimers can — within certain limits — be used to estimate the amount of target RNA and allows direct comparison of multiple samples. The profile of PG expression obtained in this way can be used to extend our current understanding of the possible functions that can be associated with these complex molecules.

scholarly journals Klf5 regulates muscle differentiation by directly targeting muscle-specific genes in cooperation with MyoD in mice

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Hayashi ◽  
Ichiro Manabe ◽  
Yumi Suzuki ◽  
Frédéric Relaix ◽  
Yumiko Oishi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Muscle Differentiation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Acting In Concert

Krüppel-like factor 5 (Klf5) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that controls various biological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. We show that Klf5 is also an essential mediator of skeletal muscle regeneration and myogenic differentiation. During muscle regeneration after injury (cardiotoxin injection), Klf5 was induced in the nuclei of differentiating myoblasts and newly formed myofibers expressing myogenin in vivo. Satellite cell-specific Klf5 deletion severely impaired muscle regeneration, and myotube formation was suppressed in Klf5-deleted cultured C2C12 myoblasts and satellite cells. Klf5 knockdown suppressed induction of muscle differentiation-related genes, including myogenin. Klf5 ChIP-seq revealed that Klf5 binding overlaps that of MyoD and Mef2, and Klf5 physically associates with both MyoD and Mef2. In addition, MyoD recruitment was greatly reduced in the absence of Klf5. These results indicate that Klf5 is an essential regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation, acting in concert with myogenic transcription factors such as MyoD and Mef2.

scholarly journals Metazoan tsRNAs: Biogenesis, Evolution and Regulatory Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengqian Dou ◽  
Yirong Wang ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Evolutionary Genomics ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Conservation Patterns ◽  
Fundamental Biology ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are an emerging class of regulatory non-coding RNAs that play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation across a variety of biological processes. Here, we review the recent advances in tsRNA biogenesis and regulatory functions from the perspectives of functional and evolutionary genomics, with a focus on the tsRNA biology of Drosophila. We first summarize our current understanding of the biogenesis mechanisms of different categories of tsRNAs that are generated under physiological or stressed conditions. Next, we review the conservation patterns of tsRNAs in all domains of life, with an emphasis on the conservation of tsRNAs between two Drosophila species. Then, we elaborate the currently known regulatory functions of tsRNAs in mRNA translation that are independent of, or dependent on, Argonaute (AGO) proteins. We also highlight some issues related to the fundamental biology of tsRNAs that deserve further study.

scholarly journals ADP-ribosylation signalling and human disease

Open Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 190041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Palazzo ◽  
Petra Mikolčević ◽  
Andreja Mikoč ◽  
Ivan Ahel
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Adp Ribosylation ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins, which controls major cellular and biological processes, including DNA damage repair, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, stress and immune responses. In order to maintain the cellular homeostasis, diverse ADP-ribosyl transferases and hydrolases are involved in the fine-tuning of ADPr systems. The control of ADPr network is vital, and dysregulation of enzymes involved in the regulation of ADPr signalling has been linked to a number of inherited and acquired human diseases, such as several neurological disorders and in cancer. Conversely, the therapeutic manipulation of ADPr has been shown to ameliorate several disorders in both human and animal models. These include cardiovascular, inflammatory, autoimmune and neurological disorders. Herein, we summarize the recent findings in the field of ADPr, which support the impact of this modification in human pathophysiology and highlight the curative potential of targeting ADPr for translational and molecular medicine.

scholarly journals Specific Antibody Fragment Ligand Traps Blocking FGF1 Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Chudzian ◽  
Anna Szlachcic ◽  
Malgorzata Zakrzewska ◽  
Miroslawa Czub ◽  
Marcin Pustula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Fragment ◽  
Antibody Fragments ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Promote Tumor Growth ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Tumor Types

Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) and its receptors (FGFRs) regulate crucial biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. Aberrant activation of FGFRs by their ligands can promote tumor growth and angiogenesis in many tumor types, including lung or breast cancer. The development of FGF1-targeting molecules with potential implications for the therapy of FGF1-driven tumors is recently being considered a promising approach in the treatment of cancer. In this study we have used phage display selection to find scFv antibody fragments selectively binding FGF1 and preventing it from binding to its receptor. Three identified scFv clones were expressed and characterized with regard to their binding to FGF1 and ability to interfere with FGF1-induced signaling cascades activation. In the next step the scFvs were cloned to scFv-Fc format, as dimeric Fc fusions prove beneficial in prospective therapeutic application. As expected, scFvs-Fc exhibited significantly increased affinity towards FGF1. We observed strong antiproliferative activity of the scFvs and scFvs-Fc in the in vitro cell models. Presented antibody fragments serve as novel FGF1 inhibitors and can be further utilized as powerful tools to use in the studies on the selective cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Wnt Family Genes in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Ding ◽  
Junxia Liu ◽  
Lu Zheng ◽  
Jiangbo Song ◽  
Niannian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Study ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Transcript Analysis ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Animal Phyla ◽  
Development Analysis ◽  
Unique Expression Pattern ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

Wnt is a family of conserved glycoproteins that participate in a variety of important biological processes including embryo development, cell proliferation and differentiation, and tissue regeneration. The Wnt family is a metazoan novelty found in all animal phyla. Studies have revealed that the number of Wnt genes varies among species, presumably due to reproduction and loss of genes during evolution. However, a comprehensive inventory of Wnt genes in Lepidoptera is lacking. In this study, we identified the repertoire of Wnt genes in the silkworm and seven other species of Lepidoptera and obtained eight Wnt genes (Wnt1, Wnt5–Wnt7, Wnt9–Wnt11, and WntA) in each species. Four of these Wnt genes are clustered in two orientations (5′-Wnt9-Wnt1-Wnt6-Wnt10-3′ and 5′-Wnt10-Wnt6-Wnt1-Wnt9-3′) in both moths and butterflies. Transcript analysis of Wnt in silkworm embryonic stages showed that each BmWnt gene had a unique expression pattern during embryological development. Analysis of a larval stage revealed differential expression of Wnt family members in diverse tissues. Our study provides an overview of the Wnt family in Lepidoptera and will inspire further functional study of the Wnt genes in the silkworm.

scholarly journals Adiponectin Enhances B-Cell Proliferation and Differentiation via Activation of Akt1/STAT3 and Exacerbates Collagen-Induced Arthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Che ◽  
Xiaoxuan Sun ◽  
Lei Gu ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Jingjing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Bone Erosion ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Synovial Joint ◽  
Collagen Induced Arthritis ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Although B cells have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the precise role of B cells in RA needs to be explored further. Our previous studies have revealed that adiponectin (AD) is expressed at high levels in inflamed synovial joint tissues, and its expression is closely correlated with progressive bone erosion in patients with RA. In this study, we investigated the possible role of AD in B cell proliferation and differentiation. We found that AD stimulation could induce B cell proliferation and differentiation in cell culture. Notably, local intraarticular injection of AD promoted B cell expansion in joint tissues and exacerbated arthritis in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Mechanistically, AD induced the activation of PI3K/Akt1 and STAT3 and promoted the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. Moreover, STAT3 bound to the promoter of the Blimp-1 gene, upregulated Blimp-1 expression at the transcriptional level, and promoted B cell differentiation. Collectively, we observed that AD exacerbated CIA by enhancing B cell proliferation and differentiation mediated by the PI3K/Akt1/STAT3 axis.

Role of melatonin in regulating neurogenesis: Implications for the neurodegenerative pathology and analogous therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuri Shukla ◽  
Areechun Sotthibundhu ◽  
Piyarat Govitrapong
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Progenitor Cell Proliferation

The revelation of adult brain exhibiting neurogenesis has established that the brain possesses great plasticity and that neurons could be spawned in the neurogenic zones where hippocampal adult neurogenesis attributes to learning and memory processes. With strong implications in brain functional homeostasis, aging and cognition, various aspects of adult neurogenesis reveal exuberant mechanistic associations thereby further aiding in facilitating the therapeutic approaches regarding the development of neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Impaired neurogenesis has been significantly evident in AD with compromised hippocampal function and cognitive deficits. Melatonin the pineal indolamine augments neurogenesis and has been linked to AD development as its levels are compromised with disease progression. Here, in this review, we discuss and appraise the mechanisms via which melatonin regulates neurogenesis in pathophysiological conditions which would unravel the molecular basis in such conditions and its role in endogenous brain repair. Also, its components as key regulators of neural stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryonic and adult brain would aid in accentuating the therapeutic implications of this indoleamine in line of prevention and treatment of AD.   

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