scholarly journals Increased copy number of syncytin-1 in the trophectoderm is associated with implantation of the blastocyst

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10368
Author(s):  
Luyan Guo ◽  
Fang Gu ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Canquan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Relative Copy Number ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Real Time Qpcr

Background A key step in embryo implantation is the adhesion to and invasion of the endometrium by the blastocyst trophectoderm. The envelope proteins of HERV-W and -FRD (human endogenous retrovirus-W and -FRD), syncytin-1 and syncytin-2, are mainly distributed in the placenta, and play important roles in the development of the placenta. The placenta originates from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. It is unclear whether the envelope proteins of HERV-W and -FRD have an effect on the development of the trophectoderm and whether they have any association with the implantation of the blastocyst. Methods The whole-genome amplification products of the human blastocyst trophectoderm were used to measure the copy number of syncytin-1 and syncytin-2 using real time qPCR. In addition, clinical data associated with the outcome of pregnancies was collected, and included age, body mass index (BMI), basic follicle stimulating hormone(bFSH), rate of primary infertility and oligo-astheno-teratospermia, the thickness of the endometrium on the day of endometrial transformation, the levels of estrogen and progestin on the transfer day, the days and the morphological scores of the blastocysts. The expression of mRNA and the copy numbers of syncytin-1 and syncytin-2 in H1 stem cells, and in differentiated H1 cells, induced by BMP4, were measured using real time qPCR. Results The relative copy number of syncytin-1 in the pregnant group (median: 424%, quartile: 232%–463%, p < 0.05) was significantly higher than in the non-pregnant group (median: 100%, quartile: 81%–163%). There was a correlation (rs = 0.681, p < 0.001) between the copy number of syncytin-1 and blastocyst implantation after embryo transfer. As the stem cells differentiated, the expression of NANOG mRNA decreased, and the expression of caudal type homeobox 2(CDX2) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) mRNAs increased. Compared to the undifferentiated cells, the relative expression of the syncytin-1 mRNA was 1.63 (quartile: 0.59–6.37, p > 0.05), 3.36 (quartile: 0.85–14.80, p > 0.05), 10.85 (quartile: 3.39–24.46, p < 0.05) and 67.81 (quartile: 54.07–85.48, p < 0.05) on day 1, 3, 5 and 7, respectively, after the differentiation. The relative expression of syncytin-2 was 5.34 (quartile: 4.50–10.30), 7.90 (quartile: 2.46–14.01), 57.44 (quartile: 38.35–103.87) and 344.76 (quartile: 267.72–440.10) on day 1, 3, 5 and 7, respectively, after the differentiation (p < 0.05). The copy number of syncytin-1 increased significantly during differentiation. Conclusion Preceding the transfer of frozen embryos, the increased copy number of syncytin-1 in the blastocyst trophectoderm was associated with good outcomes of pregnancies.

Unreliable Real-Time PCR Analysis of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W (HERV-W) RNA Expression and DNA Copy Number in Multiple Sclerosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A. Garson ◽  
Jim F. Huggett ◽  
Stephen A. Bustin ◽  
Michael W. Pfaffl ◽  
Vladimir Benes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Dna Copy Number

Identification and copy number profiling of sex chromosome specific gene fragments in crossbred pigs with numerically normal karyotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Vandana Yadav ◽  
Nihar Ranjan Sahoo ◽  
Pushpendra Kumar ◽  
G. K. Gaur ◽  
A. P. Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Autosomal Gene ◽  
Metastasis Suppressor ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Relative Copy Number ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

We examined the copy number profile of sex chromosome specific genes in crossbred pigs with numerically normal karyotype. A total of 30 (15M + 15F) Landlly (Landrace crossbred) pigs from a research farm were cyto-screened by karyotyping to determine the number of chromosomes per diploid cell using short-term peripheral lymphocyte culture technique. All pigs had numerically normal karyotype with 38, XX (female) and 38, XY (male). Genomic DNA was extracted from cyto-screened pigs of both sexes. A set of sex chromosome (X and Y) specific single copy gene fragments along with an autosomal gene fragment were selected out of 12 pairs of primers on the basis of male specific PCR amplification, PCR and qPCR specificity. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to study the relative copy number change of selected Phosphate repressible alkaline phosphatase X linked (PHOX) gene, using the Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 1A Y-Linked (EIF1AY) gene as control and Breast Cancer Metastasis-Suppressor 1-Like (BRMS1 L- autosomal gene) as the reference gene. The relative copy number of the PHOX gene in females was found to be 1.873 times higher compared with the EIF1AY gene in males. The present study indicates that the real-time quantitative real-time PCR based copy number analysis can be helpful for the detection of sex chromosome ratio in pigs to aid as a preliminary screening for numerical sex chromosomal aneuploidies, adding to the rate of throughput of traditional cyto-screening.

scholarly journals The DNA Copy Number of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W (MSRV-Type) Is Increased in Multiple Sclerosis Patients and Is Influenced by Gender and Disease Severity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e53623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Garcia-Montojo ◽  
María Dominguez-Mozo ◽  
Ana Arias-Leal ◽  
Ángel Garcia-Martinez ◽  
Virginia De las Heras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Dna Copy Number ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

scholarly journals Implication of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Envelope Proteins in Placental Functions

Viruses ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4609-4627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adjimon Lokossou ◽  
Caroline Toudic ◽  
Benoit Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus

scholarly journals Synthesis, Assembly, and Processing of the Env ERVWE1/Syncytin Human Endogenous Retroviral Envelope

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 5585-5593 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Cheynet ◽  
A. Ruggieri ◽  
G. Oriol ◽  
J.-L. Blond ◽  
B. Boson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Protein Maturation ◽  
Primate Lineage ◽  
Proviral Locus ◽  
Syncytiotrophoblast Layer

ABSTRACT Syncytin is a fusogenic protein involved in the formation of the placental syncytiotrophoblast layer. This protein is encoded by the envelope gene of the ERVWE1 proviral locus belonging to the human endogenous retrovirus W (HERV-W) family. The HERV-W infectious ancestor entered the primate lineage 25 to 40 million years ago. Although the syncytin fusion property has been clearly demonstrated, little is known about this cellular protein maturation process with respect to classical infectious retrovirus envelope proteins. Here we show that the cellular syncytin protein is synthesized as a glycosylated gPr73 precursor cleaved into two mature proteins, a gp50 surface subunit (SU) and a gp24 transmembrane subunit (TM). These SU and TM subunits are found associated as homotrimers. The intracytoplasmic tail is critical to the fusogenic phenotype, although its cleavage requirements seem to have diverged from those of classical retroviral maturation.

Expression of multiple human endogenous retrovirus surface envelope proteins in ovarian cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang-Johanning ◽  
Jinsong Liu ◽  
Kiera Rycaj ◽  
Miao Huang ◽  
Kate Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Surface Envelope

Analysis of the distal 5′ region of the humanCYP17gene

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Steve Maghsoudlou ◽  
Timothy R. Hughes ◽  
Peter J. Hornsby
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Cyp17 Gene ◽  
Low Copy Number ◽  
Methyltransferase Gene ◽  
Flanking Region

In order to search for additional regulatory elements in the human CYP17 (steroid 17α-hydroxylase) gene and to compare it with potential regulatory elements in bovine CYP17 genes, 3.5 kb of 5′ flanking region of CYP17 was cloned and analyzed. The newly acquired sequence was shown to be a highly defective copy of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-K family. This retroviral sequence was itself interrupted by a novel element, a low copy number repeat occurring about 20 times in the human genome, including a known copy in the human catechol-O-methyltransferase gene. A reanalysis of the entire 5′ flanking region of human CYP17 indicates that only the 300 bp immediately distal to the promoter is of unique sequence; other regulatory sequences, including any that are similar to the upstream region of the bovine genes, are unlikely to occur within 5.5 kb of the promoter.Key words: Human CYP17 gene, endogenous retrovirus, low-copy-number repeats.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Plastid DNA as a Biomarker and Biosensor Using Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amita Pandey ◽  
Shifa Chaudhary ◽  
Binu Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Real Time Qpcr ◽  
High Range

Abstract Plastids are plant specific semiautonomous organelles, which differentiate to perform many cardinal functions including photosynthesis, energy generation, development, stress perception and response, storage, flowering, and fruit ripening. Additionally, plastids are of immense nutritional value to humans, underscoring the need to develop reliable assays to determine the plastid content of plant based products. Studies have shown that the number of plastids present in various plant organs is regulated by both internal and external factors, however determination of plastid number is time consuming and requires sophisticated instruments. Interestingly, studies have shown that the plastome number, small circular DNA molecules present in the plastids is also regulated by both internal and external stimuli and therefore can be potentially used to estimate the plastid content in a plant organ. This study hypothesizes that plastome copy number, determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in different plant samples can be used as a plant biomarker and biosensor. Samples of cotton seed (CS), leaf (CL) and lint (Clt) and seeds of rice (RS), soybean (SS), maize (MS) and sesame (SeS) were obtained over a period of two years, their plastome copy number was determined by the Ct values obtained using real-time qPCR assays using chloroplast tRNA specific primers. Regression analysis was performed to ensure reliability of the real-time qPCR data. Subsequent, data analysis revealed that the mean log plastome copy number showed a statistically significant difference for the plant species including seeds of cotton, soybean, maize, and sesame suggesting that the log plastome copy number is plant species specific and therefore can be used as a biomarker. Furthermore, evidence in support of the use plastids as biosensors was obtained by calculating the range of log plastome copy number, where range represents the difference between lowest and highest log copy number values. A low range value indicated that the log copy values do not deviate from the mean copy number value, suggesting that the samples have encountered consistent and similar internal and external factors during growth and post-harvest storage and processing, Whereas, high range values indicated large deviations from mean copy value suggesting that the samples have encountered changing internal and external conditions. These conclusions are supported by observation of low range for all the seed samples including CR (0.31), CS (0.58), RP (0.05), SeS (0.31), seeds have a protective coat to withstand variations in environmental conditions. Whereas, observation of high range values for CL (4.11), Clt (3.63), and RS (3.09) could be explained by different developmental stage of CL samples, different post-harvest conditions for Clt samples and broken RS samples. In conclusion, the study present preliminary data in support of use of plastome copy number as a plant biomarker and biosensor.

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