scholarly journals Implication of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Envelope Proteins in Placental Functions

Viruses ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4609-4627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adjimon Lokossou ◽  
Caroline Toudic ◽  
Benoit Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus

scholarly journals Synthesis, Assembly, and Processing of the Env ERVWE1/Syncytin Human Endogenous Retroviral Envelope

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 5585-5593 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Cheynet ◽  
A. Ruggieri ◽  
G. Oriol ◽  
J.-L. Blond ◽  
B. Boson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Protein Maturation ◽  
Primate Lineage ◽  
Proviral Locus ◽  
Syncytiotrophoblast Layer

ABSTRACT Syncytin is a fusogenic protein involved in the formation of the placental syncytiotrophoblast layer. This protein is encoded by the envelope gene of the ERVWE1 proviral locus belonging to the human endogenous retrovirus W (HERV-W) family. The HERV-W infectious ancestor entered the primate lineage 25 to 40 million years ago. Although the syncytin fusion property has been clearly demonstrated, little is known about this cellular protein maturation process with respect to classical infectious retrovirus envelope proteins. Here we show that the cellular syncytin protein is synthesized as a glycosylated gPr73 precursor cleaved into two mature proteins, a gp50 surface subunit (SU) and a gp24 transmembrane subunit (TM). These SU and TM subunits are found associated as homotrimers. The intracytoplasmic tail is critical to the fusogenic phenotype, although its cleavage requirements seem to have diverged from those of classical retroviral maturation.

Expression of multiple human endogenous retrovirus surface envelope proteins in ovarian cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang-Johanning ◽  
Jinsong Liu ◽  
Kiera Rycaj ◽  
Miao Huang ◽  
Kate Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Surface Envelope

scholarly journals Increased copy number of syncytin-1 in the trophectoderm is associated with implantation of the blastocyst

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10368
Author(s):  
Luyan Guo ◽  
Fang Gu ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Canquan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Relative Copy Number ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Real Time Qpcr

Background A key step in embryo implantation is the adhesion to and invasion of the endometrium by the blastocyst trophectoderm. The envelope proteins of HERV-W and -FRD (human endogenous retrovirus-W and -FRD), syncytin-1 and syncytin-2, are mainly distributed in the placenta, and play important roles in the development of the placenta. The placenta originates from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. It is unclear whether the envelope proteins of HERV-W and -FRD have an effect on the development of the trophectoderm and whether they have any association with the implantation of the blastocyst. Methods The whole-genome amplification products of the human blastocyst trophectoderm were used to measure the copy number of syncytin-1 and syncytin-2 using real time qPCR. In addition, clinical data associated with the outcome of pregnancies was collected, and included age, body mass index (BMI), basic follicle stimulating hormone(bFSH), rate of primary infertility and oligo-astheno-teratospermia, the thickness of the endometrium on the day of endometrial transformation, the levels of estrogen and progestin on the transfer day, the days and the morphological scores of the blastocysts. The expression of mRNA and the copy numbers of syncytin-1 and syncytin-2 in H1 stem cells, and in differentiated H1 cells, induced by BMP4, were measured using real time qPCR. Results The relative copy number of syncytin-1 in the pregnant group (median: 424%, quartile: 232%–463%, p < 0.05) was significantly higher than in the non-pregnant group (median: 100%, quartile: 81%–163%). There was a correlation (rs = 0.681, p < 0.001) between the copy number of syncytin-1 and blastocyst implantation after embryo transfer. As the stem cells differentiated, the expression of NANOG mRNA decreased, and the expression of caudal type homeobox 2(CDX2) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) mRNAs increased. Compared to the undifferentiated cells, the relative expression of the syncytin-1 mRNA was 1.63 (quartile: 0.59–6.37, p > 0.05), 3.36 (quartile: 0.85–14.80, p > 0.05), 10.85 (quartile: 3.39–24.46, p < 0.05) and 67.81 (quartile: 54.07–85.48, p < 0.05) on day 1, 3, 5 and 7, respectively, after the differentiation. The relative expression of syncytin-2 was 5.34 (quartile: 4.50–10.30), 7.90 (quartile: 2.46–14.01), 57.44 (quartile: 38.35–103.87) and 344.76 (quartile: 267.72–440.10) on day 1, 3, 5 and 7, respectively, after the differentiation (p < 0.05). The copy number of syncytin-1 increased significantly during differentiation. Conclusion Preceding the transfer of frozen embryos, the increased copy number of syncytin-1 in the blastocyst trophectoderm was associated with good outcomes of pregnancies.

scholarly journals The full-length envelope of an HERV-H human endogenous retrovirus has immunosuppressive properties

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 2515-2518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Mangeney ◽  
Nathalie de Parseval ◽  
Gilles Thomas ◽  
Thierry Heidmann
Keyword(s):  
Envelope Protein ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Immune Rejection ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Moloney Murine Leukaemia Virus

We have demonstrated previously that the envelope proteins of a murine retrovirus (Moloney murine leukaemia virus) and a simian retrovirus (Mason–Pfizer monkey virus) have immunosuppressive properties in vivo. This property was manifested by the ability of the proteins, when expressed by tumour cells normally rejected by engrafted mice, to allow the envelope-expressing cells to escape immune rejection and to proliferate. Here, it is shown that this property is not restricted to the envelope of infectious retroviruses, but is also shared by the envelope protein encoded by an endogenous retrovirus of humans belonging to the HERV-H family. These results emphasize the close relationship between endogenous and infectious retroviruses and might be important in relation to the process of tumour progression in humans.

scholarly journals Human endogenous retrovirus envelope proteins target dendritic cells to suppress T-cell activation

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1748-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Hummel ◽  
Ulrike Kämmerer ◽  
Nora Müller ◽  
Elita Avota ◽  
Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus

Evidence for a functional subclass of the RTVL-H family of human endogenous retrovirus-like sequences.

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2981-2989 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Wilkinson ◽  
N L Goodchild ◽  
T M Saxton ◽  
S Wood ◽  
D L Mager
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus
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