scholarly journals Estonian Prophets of the Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 269-297
Author(s):  
Mare Kõiva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Market Place

Compared to famous Estonian prophets of the eighteenth and ninteteenth centuries who have left a deep mark on culture, prophets of the twentieth century have received less attention. This paper accordingly examines four prophets of the twentieth century: Aleksander Toom (Habakkuk II), Aleksei Aav (Seiu, Orthodox), Karl Reits (market place prophet, Protestant) and Priscilla Mändmets (1939-2003, global prophet, Protestant). Three of them belonged to the Brethrens congregation, while the fourth, Aleksei Aav, was Orthdox. The paper explores how upheavals in political and social life, including secularization, influenced these prophets, as well as the events in their lives that led them to become prophets. Among the main features of their activities, such as healing diseases through prayer, in our cases disseminating visions and the word of God, making doomsday predictions and predicting national or international disasters were the most important. The prophets were all literary prophets who prophesise in writing, they used to alternate between oral and written prophecy. An interesting aspect is the visions and their explanation by means of biblical passages, or the use of these passages in daily dialogues with other people.

Being Numerous

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Izenberg
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
Aesthetic Politics ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Common ◽  
Century Poetry ◽  
Practical Question ◽  
Language Poets

This book offers a new way to understand the divisions that organize twentieth-century poetry. It argues that the most important conflict is not between styles or aesthetic politics, but between poets who seek to preserve or produce the incommensurable particularity of experience by making powerful objects, and poets whose radical commitment to abstract personhood seems altogether incompatible with experience—and with poems. Reading across the apparent gulf that separates traditional and avant-garde poets, the book reveals the common philosophical urgency that lies behind diverse forms of poetic difficulty—from William Butler Yeats's esoteric symbolism and George Oppen's minimalism and silence to Frank O'Hara's joyful slightness and the Language poets' rejection of traditional aesthetic satisfactions. For these poets, what begins as a practical question about the conduct of literary life—what distinguishes a poet or group of poets?—ends up as an ontological inquiry about social life: What is a person and how is a community possible? In the face of the violence and dislocation of the twentieth century, these poets resist their will to mastery, shy away from the sensual richness of their strongest work, and undermine the particularity of their imaginative and moral visions—all in an effort to allow personhood itself to emerge as an undeniable fact making an unrefusable claim.

Pragmatic Reconstruction in Jurisprudence: Features of a Realistic Legal Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-202
Author(s):  
Brian Z. Tamanaha
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Coercive Force ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Theory Of Law

A century ago the pragmatists called for reconstruction in philosophy. Philosophy at the time was occupied with conceptual analysis, abstractions, a priori analysis, and the pursuit of necessary, universal truths. Pragmatists argued that philosophy instead should center on the pressing problems of the day, which requires theorists to pay attention to social complexity, variation, change, power, consequences, and other concrete aspects of social life. The parallels between philosophy then and jurisprudence today are striking, as I show, calling for a pragmatism-informed theory of law within contemporary jurisprudence. In the wake of H.L.A. Hart’s mid-century turn to conceptual analysis, “during the course of the twentieth century, the boundaries of jurisprudential inquiry were progressively narrowed.”1 Jurisprudence today is dominated by legal philosophers engaged in conceptual analysis built on intuitions, seeking to identify essential features and timeless truths about law. In the pursuit of these objectives, they detach law from its social and historical moorings, they ignore variation and change, they drastically reduce law to a singular phenomenon—like a coercive planning system for difficult moral problems2—and they deny that coercive force is a universal feature of law, among other ways in which they depart from the reality of law; a few prominent jurisprudents even proffer arguments that invoke aliens or societies of angels.

MARKET PLACE VALUES ARE DESTROYING US

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-810
Author(s):  
J. F. L.
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Market Place ◽  
The Core

"Our institutions and values are in jeopardy as the mores of the market pervade all social life in this country. Loyalty, honesty, courage, discipline, patriotism, and commitment to family are being crowded out by the goals and rules of economic rationality. The confusion and dissatisfaction experienced by even those who have made it, are caused by a growing rot at the core of our society."

The sociocultural realm in relation to environment, biology, and history: Notes on Van Gennep and the emerging social sciences of his day

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-337
Author(s):  
Harvey E Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
American School ◽  
Broad Approach

Van Gennep’s research interests were located in the region where the fields of folklore, anthropology, sociology, and religion overlapped. His Rites de passage reflected a broad approach to ritual and social life that took into account the natural environment, biology, and history. This article scans his interests and emphases in relation to the American school of cultural anthropology that developed in the twentieth century. It assesses parallels and differences, and points to areas deserving further clarification such as Van Gennep’s understanding of language.

scholarly journals Introduction: Know Thyself

2018 ◽  
pp. xii-20
Author(s):  
Richard G.T. Gipps ◽  
Michael Lacewing
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Aesthetics And Politics ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Temple

This Handbook examines the contributions of philosophy to psychoanalysis and vice versa. It explores the most central concept of psychoanalysis—the unconscious—in relation to its defences, transference, conflict, free association, wish fulfilment, and symbolism. It also considers psychoanalysis in relation to its philosophical prehistory, the recognition and misrecognition afforded it within twentieth-century philosophy, its scientific strengths and weaknesses, its applications in aesthetics and politics, and its value and limitations with respect to ethics, religion, and social life. The book explains how psychoanalysis draws our attention to the reality of central aspects of the inner life and how philosophy assists psychoanalysis in knowing itself. This introduction elaborates on the phrase ‘know thyself’, the words inscribed at the Temple of Delphi, and illustrates the connection between matters philosophical and psychoanalytic in relation to the Delphic command by highlighting their mutual concern with truth and truthfulness.

scholarly journals Socio-Cultural Differences Between Generations in Elbasan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-57
Author(s):  
Nuredin Çeçi ◽  
Marjeta Çeçi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Social And Cultural Factors

Social life carries various social and cultural phenomena which significantly interact with our lives, creating the difference in-depth reports and the newly formed relationship between generations in the family and society. Changes in thought, behavior, or actions strands understand if inequality and differences emerge and develop from social constraints. In today's society that mostly resembles a space without borders, it is possible to absorb new ways and ideas regarding lifestyle, thinking, and conduct. Many sociological and psychological studies argued that, especially in the early 60-s of the twentieth century, adolescents are more likely to be directed towards the ideas, practices, and characterized as countercultural movements. The study "Socio-cultural differences between generations in Elbasan" was conducted to identify social and cultural factors that affect the growth of differences between generations in the family and society. Identification of socializing factors such as media, schools, technology, and impacts arising from other cultures through immigration. Underlining the importance and analysis of social and cultural elements in change as essential factors in the differences between generations gives meaning to this study. This study's results have been highlighted by analyzing relations between ages and social and cultural changes in Elbasan in recent years.

Karl Barth’s Church Dogmatics

2020 ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Eberhard Busch
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
Systematic Theology ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Reformed Theology ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Church Dogmatics ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Classical Traditions

The most significant Reformed theologian of the twentieth century, Karl Barth, exercised a remarkably critical role relative to the classical traditions of Reformed Theology. His theological project drew on modern biblical criticism, post-Kantian philosophy, and early twentieth-century approaches to Christocentrism. Nevertheless, he prepared to offer a systematic theology by going to school with the classic texts of the Reformed tradition and by engaging in prolonged biblical exegesis. Eventually, Karl Barth’s Church Dogmatics presented an orderly account of the Christian faith centred on and beginning with the self-presentation of God in Jesus Christ. It enfolds prolegomena, ethics, and homiletical guidance within its span, believing these ancillary discussions to demand properly theological and thus Christological regulation. This chapter explores the Christological focus and rhetorical style before turning to introduce each of the constituent parts (Word of God, God, Creation, and Reconciliation) of that magnum opus.

scholarly journals Concentration camps of Nazi Germany as a phenomenon. Opportunities and the problem of understanding

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Boris Grigor'evich Yakemenko
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
The World

This article deals with the Nazi concentration camps as a phenomenon of social life and social thought in Europe in the mid-second half of the twentieth century. Today, when the world is experiencing a crisis of political and social institutions, there is less and less hope that this realization will happen. It describes the prerequisites for the formation of the system of concentration camps in Nazi Germany, the forms of their functioning, and provides comparative data on the statistics of the number of camps. It is also pointed out the importance of understanding the processes of psychological destruction of a person in the camp.

scholarly journals Contours of Feminist Consciousness in the Musical and Theatrical Life of Vilnius: The Second Half of the Nineteenth Century and the Early Twentieth Century

Menotyra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Bakutytė
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Male Roles ◽  
Female Self ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Professional Fields ◽  
The Right

Feminism is a broad concept, and its definition is a constant subject of debate. The article is limited to the treatment of feminism as one of the aspects in the development of female identity. The chronological boundaries of feminism discussed in this article cover the period from the second half of the nineteenth to the beginning of the twentieth century. This period is traditionally considered the first wave of feminism as an organized movement. Although primarily associated with the fight for the right of women to vote, this movement also extended to women’s other social and professional fields. Both in Lithuania and other countries, the growing modernisation of society gradually rendered the general attitude towards women’s creative work more liberal: the artistic expression of actresses and female musicians became freer. However, the shift in public consciousness and the transformation of values was not fast enough. Traditions of social life and the stereotypes of gender cohesion resulted in diverse public reflections on these changes for a long period of time: women were often subjected to one set of standards on the stage and another set of standards when off the stage. The theatrical and concert life of Vilnius, Lithuania’s major culture hub, witnessed more and more examples (both local and foreign) that reflected the change in female self-expression. On the theatre stage, actresses demonstrated unusually bold means of acting expression (admittedly, this phenomenon was partly due to the epochal changes in theatre art), dared to play male roles. The number of female soloists in concerts was growing: female singers and pianists had to compete with violinists. Although with caution (triggered by the position of the instrument while playing it), female cellists were admitted to the cultural space. It should be noted that the striving of a woman – an actress or a musician –to break or ignore the deep-rooted public stereotypes would often receive a controversial response from the public and the reviewers of cultural events.

scholarly journals Locke’s ‘Liberal’ Natural Law

KÜLÖNBSÉG ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
János Lehr
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
Innate Ideas ◽  
Essay Concerning Human Understanding ◽  
Civil Government

Since the middle of the twentieth century interpretations of Locke’s political philosophy have aimed at finding out whether there is a connection between his “An essay concerning human understanding” and his two “Treatise(s) of Civil Government.” When his tenets about natural law are analysed, the two different interpretations are usually expanded by a need to choose between intellectualism and voluntarism. Both approaches investigate how man learns and obeys natural law that governs human behaviour and social life. The first part of the paper introduces the connection between natural law and the negation of innate ideas, the second part surveys types of natural law and their specific actual variations. Finally, internal ambiguities of previous interpretive approaches are revealed.

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