Occurrence of Rat Lungworm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis) in Invasive Coqui Frogs (Eleutherodactylus coqui) and Other Hosts in Hawaii, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris N. Niebuhr ◽  
Susan I. Jarvi ◽  
Lisa Kaluna ◽  
Bruce L. Torres Fischer ◽  
Ashley R. Deane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Eleutherodactylus Coqui ◽  
Rat Lungworm

scholarly journals Diverse Gastropod Hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the Rat Lungworm, Globally and with a Focus on the Hawaiian Islands

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e94969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaynee R. Kim ◽  
Kenneth A. Hayes ◽  
Norine W. Yeung ◽  
Robert H. Cowie
Keyword(s):  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Rat Lungworm

scholarly journals Demographics of the semi-slug Parmarion martensi, an intermediate host for Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Hawai‘i, during laboratory rearing

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lindsey J. Hamilton ◽  
Yaeko Tagami ◽  
Lisa Kaluna ◽  
John Jacob ◽  
Susan I. Jarvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Hatch Rate ◽  
Rat Lungworm ◽  
Rearing Methods ◽  
And Control ◽  
Paper Towels ◽  
Nematode Transmission

Abstract The semi-slug, Parmarion martensi, is an intermediate host of the zoonotic nematode, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the aetiological agent of neuroangiostrongyliasis or rat lungworm disease in humans. Rearing methods were developed for P. martensi to facilitate studies on nematode transmission and control. Parmarion martensi exhibited high survivorship when reared on a diet of dog food and fresh fruits and vegetables in temperature-controlled cabinets at 21.4°C, 98% relative humidity and 12:12 L:D cycle. Rearing containers were lined with moist paper towels for substrate and plastic pots were provided for hiding/resting and egg-laying. Under these conditions, time to first reproduction was 165.3 ± 12.3 days, fecundity was approximately 34.5 ± 7.8 eggs per adult, and hatch rate was 52.7 ± 3.2%. Survivorship post egg hatch was 86.2 ± 2.9% at 30 days (neonates had a mortality rate of about 14%) and 99% thereafter for up to a year. The demographics of laboratory-reared and wild-caught P. martensi were similar except for the weight of reproductive adults, which was significantly higher in laboratory-reared adults (4.0 ± 0.2 g) than in field-collected adults (1.5 ± 0.1 g).

scholarly journals Variation in Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in Hawaii, a global hotspot of rat lungworm disease

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Chris N. Niebuhr ◽  
Shane R. Siers ◽  
Israel L. Leinbach ◽  
Lisa M. Kaluna ◽  
Susan I. Jarvi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Rat Lungworm

Abstract Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) is a tropical and subtropical parasitic nematode, with infections in humans causing angiostrongyliasis (rat lungworm disease), characterized by eosinophilic meningitis. Hawaii has been identified as a global hotspot of infection, with recent reports of high infection rates in humans, as well as rat definitive and snail intermediate hosts. This study investigated variation in A. cantonensis infection, both prevalence and intensity, in wild populations of two species of rats (Rattus exulans and R. rattus) and one species of snail (Parmarion martensi). An overall infection prevalence of 86.2% was observed in P. martensi and 63.8% in rats, with R. exulans (77.4%) greater than R. rattus (47.6%). We found infections to vary with environmental and host-related factors. Body mass was a strong predictor of infection in all three species, with different patterns seen between sexes and species of rats. Infection prevalence and intensity for R. exulans were high in May 2018 and again in February 2019, but generally lower and more variable during the intervening months. Information on sources of variability of infection in wild host populations will be a crucial component in predicting the effectiveness of future disease surveillance or targeted management strategies.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE METHOD OF HUMAN INFECTION WITH ANGIOSTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS IN TAHITI

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Alicata ◽  
Robert W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Intact Skin ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Rat Lungworm ◽  
Land Mollusks

Infective larvae of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the causative agent of parasitic meningoencephalitis in man, have been found in about 4% of the stomach contents of freshwater prawns examined in Tahiti. This is believed to constitute the main source of the local human infection. These crustaceans and "taioro," a food consisting of grated coconut and prawn juice, are commonly eaten raw by Tahitians and some local Europeans. Infected mollusks have also been found on vegetation commonly eaten raw, and may constitute an occasional source of human infection. Laboratory-raised rats have been experimentally infected with A. cantonensis by applying infective larvae on the abraded skin. No infection occurred when the larvae were placed on the intact skin. In addition to land mollusks, the freshwater snail (Fossaria ollula) was also found to be a suitable intermediate host for A. cantonensis.

Phylogenetic relationships of rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, isolated from different geographical regions revealed widespread multiple lineages

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Tokiwa ◽  
Tsunehito Harunari ◽  
Tsutomu Tanikawa ◽  
Noriyuki Komatsu ◽  
Nobuo Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Rat Lungworm

scholarly journals Rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) (Nematoda: Strongylida: Metastrongylida)

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Capinera ◽  
Heather S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
The World ◽  
Rat Lungworm

Like many pest and disease problems, rat lungworm has been slowly spreading around the world. First described by Chen from rats in China, the medical significance of this parasite was overlooked until 1944 when it was found infecting humans in Taiwan. Even then, because the report was published in Japanese, its importance remained largely unknown. In 1955, Mackerras and Sandars found this nematode among rats in Brisbane, Australia, and described its life cycle, including the importance of its molluscan intermediate hosts. This 4-page fact sheet was written by John Capinera and Heather S. Walden and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, September 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1007

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