scholarly journals Eldercare policies in Scandinavia between 1993 and 2014: increased facilitation of family caregiving?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 48-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Thokle Martens
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Right ◽  
Provision Of Care

Abstract This article asks whether legal rights provided through national legislation on services provision in Scandinavia have become, over time, more accommodating to the role of family caregiving to elderly relatives. The study is based on a comparison and analysis of changes in legislation between 1993 and 2014 in the three Scandinavian countries. It is limited to legislation on the right to eldercare services and on work-family facilitating policies in relation to the provision of care to an elderly relative. Work-family facilitating policies are those policies that enable the combining of employment in the formal economy with caring for family members without large prohibitive costs for the caregiver. The main findings in this article are that the Scandinavian countries strengthened the legal right to public care services between 1993 and 2014, but that there are few, if any, truly work-family facilitating policies. The existing schemes do not facilitate a combination of employment and care, but rather force the family caregiver to choose between them. The dilemma is whether to continue passively with a high, but declining, level of public service provision of eldercare, leaving unmet care needs to unpaid family carers, or to introduce work-family facilitating policies enabling remunerated family care in addition to extensive public services provision.

scholarly journals “I Could Not Manage This Long-Term, Absolutely Not.” Aging in Place, Informal Care, COVID-19, and the Neighborhood in Flanders (Belgium)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6482
Author(s):  
Jakob D’herde ◽  
Wesley Gruijthuijsen ◽  
Dominique Vanneste ◽  
Veerle Draulans ◽  
Hilde Heynen
Keyword(s):  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Provision Of Care

Public health and care policies across OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries increasingly encourage aging in place, enabled by both formal care networks, and informal (family) care and social solidarity in the neighborhood. However, little is known about how a person’s neighborhood might affect their aging in place. The COVID-19 crisis unintendedly offered a good opportunity to observe the neighborhood’s role in the provision of care. Since formal care services were often limited during the lockdown, informal caregiving may have increased. However, intergenerational contacts in and outside of the household were strongly discouraged by governments worldwide, adding another layer of complexity to caregiving. The aim of this qualitative study was to assess how informal caregivers in Flanders managed to provide care to their care receivers, and what role the neighborhood played in this provision of care. Sixteen qualitative Skype and telephone interviews with informal caregivers were conducted between June and December 2020 to understand their experiences and coping strategies. Overall, most respondents increased their frequency of caregiving during the first lockdown. They took on the extra care needs during the lockdown themselves, and did not actively invoke any kind of neighborhood support. The significance of the neighborhood seemingly remained limited. This was often not because no help was offered, but rather due to a sense of pride or the fear of infection, and an increased effort by family caregivers.

scholarly journals Dementia and Migration: Family Care Patterns Merging With Public Care Services

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Sagbakken ◽  
Ragnhild Storstein Spilker ◽  
Reidun Ingebretsen
Keyword(s):  
Family Care ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Patterns ◽  
And Migration

scholarly journals Sustainable Care in a Familialist Regime: Coping with Elderly Care in Slovenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8498
Author(s):  
Maša Filipovič Hrast ◽  
Valentina Hlebec ◽  
Tatjana Rakar
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Home Care Services ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Care Services

In countries with prevalent family care and less developed care services, it is important to understand the ways families cope with the care needs of their frail family members as part of policy learning to make care systems more sustainable. Filial care is a vital element of family care, yet is significantly restrained by the involvement of carers in the labour market; unequal gender distribution of the care burden; and insufficient recognition of, and policy support, for family care. This article considered the issue of the sustainability of elderly care in a familialist country, Slovenia, by identifying the coping strategies families adopt for the provision of care. To this end, in-depth qualitative data based on a purposeful sample of 55 community-resident users of social home care services and their 55 family carers were used. We identified five external coping strategies: use of formal care services, use of extended family network, use of wider community network, cohabitation, and home adjustments. Among internal strategies, we detected work-related adjustments; abandoning leisure activities; abandoning vacations; establishing new routines; accepting and finding satisfaction in care; increased psychological distress, such as worries and overburdening; and some unmet care recipient needs. Very few strategies may be described as supported by policy actions, despite such support being essential for increasing the sustainability of the family-based care model.

Managing Work and Care: Does Employing a Live-in Migrant Care Worker Fill the Gap? The Example of Taiwan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Li-Fang Liang
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care Worker

This article uses Taiwan as an example to examine how families manage work and care when the government and workplace provide limited support. Many Taiwanese households employ live-in migrant care workers to negotiate care responsibilities and adults’ paid jobs. Based on interviews with employers of live-in migrant care workers and workers, the findings demonstrate that daughters-in-law and occasionally daughters and sons become employers of live-in migrant care workers because of the limitation of public care services and lack of support they receive in seeking to combine paid work and family care responsibility. Even after employing migrant workers, women retain greater care responsibility in daily practices than their husbands. Hiring live-in migrant care workers also imposes risks to all parties involved in the processes of organising, coordinating, and providing care due to the uncertainty of care quality and the nature of care work.

scholarly journals Influence of socio-economic profile of neighbourhoods on the selection of home care strategies for older dependants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Albert Julià ◽  
Sandra Escapa ◽  
Pedro Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Older People ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Private Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Use Of Services

Abstract Care strategies for older dependants are determined by not only individuals or network characteristics, but also contextual factors. The objective of this study is to determine whether urban contexts (neighbourhoods) are linked to the use of family care (informal), public services or private care at home (formal). We applied logistic regression analysis to data from the Survey of People in a Situation of Dependence 2018. The sample was composed of 530 older people (55 years old and over) living in two types of socio-economic groups of neighbourhoods in Barcelona, Spain. The type of neighbourhood is relevant in explaining the home care that older dependants receive. In neighbourhoods with a high socio-economic level, dependants are more likely to use private services and less likely to use informal care services and public services, even after controlling for household income, degree of dependency, sex, age and the number of people in the household. Understanding the factors that determine the use of public care services, private care services or family care-giving is important due to the increment in the number of older people in the population. Our results suggest that differences in urban socio-economic contexts determine some inequalities in the use of services even after controlling for socio-economic individual differences. The characteristics of neighbourhoods should be considered to adjust care policies for older dependants.

scholarly journals Not just "sweet old ladies" - challenges in voluntary work in the long-term care services

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Tingvold ◽  
Nina Olsvold
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Care Services

Introduction: The Norwegian government is addressing the need for increased voluntary work in the municipal care sector. Several reforms over the last decades have transferred important care tasks to the municipalities, as it is a political aim for people to live longer in their own homes. Despite important structural changes in the provision of public care services, less attention has been devoted to the investigation of how voluntary work interacts with the overall development of care tasks within municipal care services. This paper aims to discover how the contribution of volunteers matches the current needs of service recipients and the daily work of professional staff and, additionally, to discover what level of volunteer competence and qualifications are considered necessary when cooperating with staff.Method: Eight case studies addressing opportunities and barriers to voluntary work in long-term care were carried out. Our study included participants from both voluntary organisations and long-term care.Results: Volunteers were considered to fill important functions and gaps by providing social support, offering activities and by communicating with the service recipients. However, the poor health of service recipients risked putting undue strain on volunteers. Volunteers need to have personal qualifications, such as good observation and communication skills, in order to function well and be useful in their role as volunteers.Discussion: Care is seen as a complex task requiring time, effort, and technical and social skills. Relational care is not easily distinguished from the overall care needs of service recipients. Service recipients in the municipalities are seen as increasingly frail and have complex health needs. With the expected increase in the number of elderly with dementia in the future, we may need to question whether volunteers are equipped to take on such advanced health problems.

scholarly journals Family caregiving in an aging society: Key policy questions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Vinarski ◽  
D Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Family Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Aging Society ◽  
Key Policy

Abstract An aging population, attended by an increase in chronic diseases and disability, together with decrements in health among the elderly, require considerable health care resources being expended on long-term care needs in the home environment at the community level. Increase in life expectancy, and more substantially, the disproportionate increment within the very oldest age groups and in the number of elderly whose activities are limited by some sort of physical or cognitive disability have significantly increased family care needs. Such demographic shift and socioeconomic changes throughout the developed world are making elderly care an increasingly important public policy issue. Particularly, one of the principal foci of policy makers should be supporting and nurturing family care. This paper focuses on the case of Israel. Like many industrialized countries, Israel faces the challenge of caring for a growing number of vulnerable older people while advancing adequate policies to support both elderly and their informal caregivers. Currently, the demands for family caregivers has increased drastically, and, studies predict that the personal, social, and economic costs of caregiving, which have risen dramatically over the last three decades, will only continue to increase. This paper focuses on the extent to which current legislation supports primary informal caregivers in Israel. A review of the legislation and benefits has indicated that the aid supplied is limited mainly because their application is relevant only in extreme cases where the elderly need constant supervision or care in institutions. Their contribution to most elderly and their families is only partial. The rights afforded to the informal caregivers are relatively few, are limited and are all concentrated in the domain of occupational support, and this also in a restricted manner. Key message Family caregiving in an aging society: Key policy questions.

Effective safety netting in acute childhood illness: an important contribution to avoiding preventable deaths

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp18X696893
Author(s):  
Sarah Neill ◽  
Damian Roland ◽  
Matthew Thompson ◽  
Sue Palmer-Hill ◽  
Natasha Bayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Childhood Illness ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Delivery Modes ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Right ◽  
Qualitative Exploration ◽  
Safety Netting

BackgroundChildren’s use of urgent care services continues to increase. If families are to access the right services at the right time they need access to information to inform their decision making. Providing a safety net of information has the potential to reduce morbidity and avoidable mortality and has been shown to reduce re-consultation safely.AimOur research programme aims to provide parents with information they can use to help them determine when to seek help for an acutely ill child.MethodOur programme includes: ASK SARA, a systematic review of existing interventions; ASK PIP, qualitative exploration of safety netting information used by parents and professionals; ASK SID, development of the content and delivery modes for the intervention; ASK ViC, video capture of children with acute illness; and ASK Petra, safety netting tool development using consensus methodology.ResultsThe ASK SNIFF programme findings demonstrate the need for professionally endorsed and co-produced safety netting resources focussing on symptoms of acute childhood illness. We now have consensus on the scripted content for a safety netting tool supported by video materials to enable parents to see symptoms for real.ConclusionSafety netting tools are a valuable aid to general practice enabling GPs to show parents what to look out for when their child is sick so that they know when to (re)consult. Recent reports of failure to recognise and appropriately safety net children with sepsis highlights the importance of such tools.

PROBLEM ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL NORMS OF PROTECTION OF THE VICTIMS FROM CRIME

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Яна Валерьевна Самиулина
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Selection Of

В настоящей статье предпринята попытка исследовать отдельные проблемные аспекты института потерпевшего в российском уголовном процессе. В этих целях подвергнуты анализу правовые нормы, регламентирующие его процессуальный статус. Раскрываются отдельные пробелы уголовно-процессуального законодательства в сфере защиты законных прав и интересов потерпевшего. Автор акцентирует внимание на том, что совершенствование уголовно-процессуального законодательства в части расширения правомочий потерпевшего по отстаиванию своих нарушенных преступлением прав следует продолжить. На основании проведенного исследования действующего законодательства в части регламентации прав потерпевшего от преступления предлагается расширить перечень получаемых им копий постановлений, указанных в п. 13 ч. 2 ст. 42 УПК РФ. Автор предлагает включить в перечень указанной законодательной нормы право получения потерпевшим копии постановления об избрании конкретного вида меры пресечения, избранного в отношении подозреваемого (обвиняемого). Для создания действенного механизма защиты интересов потерпевших от преступления юридических лиц предлагаем ч. 9 ст. 42 УПК РФ изложить в следующей редакции: «в случае признания потерпевшим юридического лица его процессуальное право в уголовном процессе осуществляет представляющий его профессиональный адвокат». This article attempts to investigate certain problematic aspects of the institution of the victim in the Russian criminal process. For this purpose, analyzed the individual norms governing his procedural status. Separate gaps of the criminal procedure legislation in the sphere of protection of the legal rights and interests of the victim are disclosed. The author emphasizes that the improvement of the criminal procedure legislation in terms of the extension of the victim’s authority to defend his rights violated by the crime should be continued. On the basis of the study of the current legislation regarding the regulation of the rights of the victim of a crime, it is proposed to expand the list of decisions received by him, referred to in paragraph 13, part 2 of article 42 Code of Criminal Procedure. The author proposes to include in the list of the indicated legislative norm the right to receive the victim a copy of the decision on the selection of a specific type of preventive measure, selected in relation to the suspect (accused). To create an effective mechanism for protecting the interests of legal entities victims of a crime, we offer part 9 of art. 42 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation shall be reworded as follows: «if a legal entity is recognized as a victim, his procedural right in criminal proceedings is exercised by the professional lawyer representing him».

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