scholarly journals CONTROL STRATEGIES OF NITRITE ACCUMULATION IN A SUBMERGED BIOFILTER

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
BURHANETTIN GURBUZ
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Partial Nitrification ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
N Removal

Short-cut nitrification under various Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR), dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and pHs at a constant temperature of 25 ±1 0C was investigated in a submerged biofilter reactor. The lowest NO2-N/NOx-N ratio was observed when the NLR was up to 160 g/m3·day. Further increase the NLRresulted in incomplete oxidation of ammonium and the effluent NH4-N and NO2-N concentration increased. Although the highest NO2-N/NOx-N ratio of 0.61 was achieved, the NH4-N removal efficiency was drastically dropped to 48% at the NLR of 294 g NH4-N/m3.day. The highest NO2-N/NOx-N ratio of 0.68 was achieved at the pH of 9.0 and 1.0 mg O2/l. However, NN4-N removal efficiency and the NO2-N/NOx-N ratio were sharply dropped to 33% and 0.55 by getting the NLR to 381 g NH4-N/m3⋅day at the DO concentrations of 2.0 mg/l. Key words: partial nitrification, NO2-N/NOx-N ratio.

Study on the mutual interactions between the parameters of a CANON system and its coping strategy when operating at room temperature (15 to 25 °C) using response surface methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1805-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Guangxu Qin ◽  
Jianbing Zhang ◽  
Yancheng Li ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
N Loading

The coping strategy of a CANON (completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite) reactor working at room temperature was investigated using response surface methodology. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was taken as a dependent variable. The temperature (X), dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (Y), and influent nitrogen loading rate (Z) were taken as independent variables. Results showed that the relation of these three independent variables can be described by the TN removal efficiency expressed as −5.03 + 1.51X + 45.16Y + 30.13Z + 0.26XY + 1.84XZ − 0.04X2 − 9.06Y2 − 99.00Z2. The analysis of variance proved that the equation is applicable. The response surface demonstrated that the temperature significantly interacts with the DO concentration and influent N loading rate. A coping strategy for the CANON reactor working at room temperature is thus proposed: altering the DO concentration and the N loading rate to counterbalance the impact of low temperature. The verification test proved the strategy is viable. The TN removal efficiency was 91.3% when the reactor was operated under a temperature of 35.0 °C, a DO of 3.0 mg/L, and a N loading rate of 0.70 kgN/(m³ d). When the temperature dropped from 35.0 to 19.2 °C, the TN removal efficiency was kept at 88.7% by regulating the influent N loading rate from 0.7 kgN/(m³ d) to 0.35 kgN/(m³ d) and the DO concentration from 3.0 to 2.6 mg/L.

scholarly journals Discrepant membrane fouling of partial nitrification and anammox membrane bioreactor operated at the same nitrogen loading rate

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 729-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Niu ◽  
Zuotao Zhang ◽  
Sitong Liu ◽  
Taro Miyoshi ◽  
Hideo Matsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Partial Nitrification

scholarly journals Autotrophic ammonia removal from landfill leachate using anaerobic membrane bioreactor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Suneethi ◽  
Kurian Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Anammox Process

Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) is an innovative high cell density system having complete biomass retention, high reactor loading and low sludge production and suitable for developing slow growing autotrophic bacterial cultures such as ANAMMOX. The Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) process is an advanced biological nitrogen removal removes ammonia using nitrite as the electron acceptor without oxygen. The NH4+-N in the landfill leachate that is formed due to the release of nitrogen from municipal solid waste (MSW), when discharged untreated, into the surface water can result in eutrophication, aquatic toxicity and emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) to atmosphere. Besides, NH4+-N accumulation in landfills poses long term pollution issue with significant interference during post closure thereby requiring its removal prior to ultimate disposal into inland surface waters. The main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and treatment efficiency of treating landfill leachate (to check) for removing NH4+-N by adopting ANAMMOX process in AnMBR. The AnMBR was optimized for Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) varying from 0.025 to 5 kg NH4+-N/ m3/ d with hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranging from 1 to 3 d. NH4+-N removal efficacy of 85.13 ± 9.67% with the mean nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 5.54 ± 0.63 kg NH4+-N/ m3/ d was achieved with nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 6.51 ± 0.20 kg NH4+- N/ m3/ d at 1.5 d HRT. The nitrogen transformation intermediates in the form of hydrazine (N2H4) and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) were 0.008 ± 0.005 mg/L and 0.006 ± 0.001 mg/L, respectively, indicating co-existence of aerobic ammonia oxidizers (AOB) and ANAMMOX. The free ammonia (NH3) and free nitrous acid (HNO2) concentrations were 26.61 ± 16.54 mg/L and (1.66 ± 0.95) x 10-5 mg/L, preventing NO2--N oxidation to NO3--N enabling sustained NH4+- N removal.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-removal efficiency in an upflow partially packed biological aerated filter (BAF) without backwashing process

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramanik Biplob ◽  
Suja Fatihah ◽  
Zain Shahrom ◽  
ElShafie Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biological Aerated Filter ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Aerated Filter

An upflow, partially packed biological aerated filter (BAF) reactor was used to remove nitrogen in the form of ammonia ions by a nitrification process that involves physical, chemical and biological phenomena governed by a variety of parameters such as dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and alkalinity. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH were shown to have effects on the nitrification process in this study. Three C:N ratios i.e., 10, 4 and 1 were compared during this study by varying the nitrogen loading while the carbon loading was kept constant at 0.405 ± 0.015 kg chemical oxygen demand m−3 d−1. The removal efficiencies of ammonia linearly increase with a rise of the initial concentration of ammonia-nitrogen. The results of the 115 days' operation of the BAF system showed that its overall NH3-N performance was good, where a removal efficiency of 87.0 ± 2.9%, 89.2 ± 1.38% and 91.1 ± 0.7% and COD removal of 87.6 ± 2.9%, 86.4 ± 2.1% and 89.5 ± 2.6% were achieved for the C:N ratios of 10, 4 and 1, respectively on average, over 6 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). No clogging occurred throughout the period although backwashing was eliminated. It was concluded that the BAF system proposed in this study removed nitrogen by the nitrification process extremely well.

Application of biofilm reactors to improve ammonia oxidation in low nitrogen loaded wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1880-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Seca ◽  
R. Torres ◽  
A. Val del Río ◽  
A. Mosquera-Corral ◽  
J. L. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
System A

An airlift reactor using zeolite particles as carrier material was used for the nitrification of effluents from the aquaculture industry. During the start-up the nitrogen concentration was kept around 100 mg NH4+-N/L to develop the nitrifying population. Later it was decreased down to around 3 mg NH4+-N/L and the dilution rate was increased up to 4.8 d−1 in order to simulate the conditions in a an aquaculture waster treatment system. A nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 535 mg NH4+-N/m2 d was fully oxidized to nitrate. Higher values of NLRs caused nitrite accumulation. A second biofilm reactor was fed with a synthetic medium containing 50 mg NH4+-N/L which simulated the effluents from anaerobic units treating domestic wastewater. A nitrogen loading rate of 400 mg NH4+-N/L d was oxidized into nitrate with an efficiency of 60% at a dilution rate of 8 d−1. Both biofilm systems allowed the development of a nitrifying population to treat the studied types of wastewaters.

scholarly journals Stuydy on sequencing batch moving bed membrane bioreactor technology (SBMBMBR) for the removal of organic and total nitrogen in tannery wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Linh Van Tran ◽  
Phuoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Phuong Thi Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency

The SBMBMBR technology (sequencing batch moving bed membrane bioreactor), a combiantion of membrane filtration MF process in activated sludge with sequencing batch (SBR) moving bed using Anox Kaldnes K2 (MBBR), has been studied for the removal of organic and total nitrogen in tannery wastewater. After 170 days, reasearch results showed that the COD removal efficiency was ranged from 89,2±0,6 to 95,9±0,3% when the organic loading rate changed from 0,564±0,019 to 1.207±99 kgCOD/m3/day. The total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 30,0±4,9 to 65,9±13,3. The highest COD removal efficiency was 0,72±0,02 kgCOD/m3/day. The lowest nitrogen removal efficiency was 10,8±5,4% at 0,327±0,020 kgTN/m3/day of nitrogen loading rate. During the research, the adhensional tension of microorganism was insignificant. The biomass remained unchanged with 6.808±226 mg/L of Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS). When the salinity went up from 3.500 to 8.000 mgCl/l, the COD and nitrogen removal efficiency decreased. However, the conversion of nitrogen was improved and the recovery of biomass following the changed loading rate was quite fast.

scholarly journals Nitrite Accumulation at Low Copper Concentration in a Submerged Partial Bionitrification Reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Sukru Aslan ◽  
Burhanettin Gurbuz
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
N Removal

Objectives : Effects of various Cu2+ concentrations in the synthetic wastewater on nitrite accumulation was investigated in a submerged partial biofilter reactor (SPBNR).Methods : Experiments were carried out at the constant operational conditions (T=35℃; pH=9.0 and DO=2.0 mg O2/L) by varying the concentrations between 5-50 mg Cu2+/L. The SPBNR, which was operated in an upward flow mode, set-up consisted of a cylindrical stainless steel. The support materials filling ratio was about 23% of the total reactor volume. The SPBNR was inoculated with microorganism drawn from a batch experimental biological reactor operated about one month by using the synthetic wastewater composition.Results and Discussion : Before exposure to Cu2+, the highest loading rate of 1.3 g NH4-N/(m2.day) was determined under the operational conditions. Addition of 5 µg Cu2+/L into the waters promoted the activity of organisms and the loading rate achieved to 1.6 g NH4-N/(m2.day). At the control operational condition, the ratio of NO2-N/NOx-N was determined as 0.74, while the ratio increased to 0.78 at the Cu2+ concentration of 5 µg/L.Conclusions : Results indicated that the ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) is more stimulated than the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) at the concentration of 5 µg Cu2+/L. However, approximately equal NH4-N removal rate (ANRR) and NO2-N accumulation rate (NiAR) losses indicated that the AOB and NOB are approximately equally effected at the inlet concentrations of 35 and 50 µg Cu2+/L.

Nitrogen removal from reject water with primary sludge as denitrification carbon source

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2965-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zhang ◽  
S. J. Zhang ◽  
J. Zhou ◽  
S. Y. Wang ◽  
Y. P. Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Solid Retention Time ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Denitrification Reactor

A novel system was used for nitrogen removal from reject water. This system includes one anoxic/oxic reactor for nitrification and a special reactor for denitrification in which primary sludge was added intermittently as electron donor. In denitrification reactor, sludge fermentation and denitrification reaction took place simultaneously and promoted each other. It was found that effluent recycle could improve nitrogen removal efficiency due to reclaiming of alkalinity. Under steady state conditions, the average solid retention time (SRT) in denitrification reactor was 12–15 d, a total nitrogen loading rate was 0.2 kg N/(m3 day) and TN removal efficiency was more than 90% without extra carbon source addition. Primary sludge was degraded so that volatile suspended solid (VSS) decreased by 50%. Further investigation showed that ORP could be taken as a control parameter for sludge addition.

scholarly journals Intermittent Aeration in a Hybrid Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor for Carbon and Nutrient Biological Removal

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Di Bella ◽  
Giorgio Mannina
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
N Removal

The paper presents an experimental study on a lab scale hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor with intermittent aeration. Specifically, a comparison between two different operating conditions was analyzed: continuous and intermittent aeration. Both continuous and intermittent aeration were monitored and compared in order to get the best operational conditions. The intermittent aeration campaign was sub-divided in three phases with different duration of alternation of aerobic and anoxic times and organic and nitrogen loading rates. The efficiency of N-removal improved by 70% during the intermittent aeration. The best condition was observed with 40 min of aeration and 20 min of no-aeration, an organic loading rate of 2.2 kgCODm−3day−1 and a nitrogen loading rate of 0.25 kgNm−3day−1: under these operational conditions the removal efficiencies for carbon and nitrogen were 93% and 90%, respectively. The derived results provide the basis for WWTP upgrade in order to meet stricter effluent limits at low energy requirements.

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